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Right go to any planet with a docking station and buy one tonne of rubbish. By clicking here the on-board computer thinks you’re jettisoning water when in fact you aren’t jettisoning anything at all! As a result, your ship gets loads of extra cargo space and, when used with the various other Frontier cheats, allows you to arm up with Large Plasma Accelerators and thousands of Shield Generators – making you virtually indestructible.

The read- I out for your current cargo hold will go up the spout, but hey, who cares! Indeed, that’s all you’re get- ting this month, but thanks as always to those of you have been sending in all your corking cheats – keep it up? And don’t forget, there’s a free Hit Squad game for every tipster who gets their cheat printed, so let me know what machine you have end what game you might like. Until next month Or would you like to feast your eyes on much more of me than this tiny picture?

KGB I am stuck in the stuffy room with the man in denim, I have tried to use the tap to set off the alarms but I keep getting killed. Help me, I’m so sick of being cooped up in this room.

Your kinky KGB Agent! Kinky or not it would haw been ktipful if you had at least told me what chapter you are referring to!

Let’s guess that we are in chapter two, the room you are talking about is the hotel room and the man is Chapttiii. When you are talking to him in the bathroom use a dialogue option thai contains a word which activates the tape recorder When the tape starts it wilt distract the bad guy for enough time for you to slug him. Take the syringe in his pocket and inject htm with the contents. Monkey Island I am stuck in part one of Monkey Island, I’ve made it past the poo- dles and into the mansion.

I’ve been shot out of the cannon, had a sword lesson and talked with foe prisoner. I don’t know what I should do now? S Cfiesterman. Winsford Adventure Helpline The key to your predicament is the prisoner in the cell. Give him the breath mints ana” ask him if he has a file. Give him the gopher repellent and he’ll give you a piece of cake with a file in it. Take the file to the Governor’s mansion and walk io the gaping hole. Flashback How do you get through the doors at the centre of the earth?

Dreamweb I can kill Dianne Underwood but then I don’t know where to go or what to do. Please give me a helping hand so that I can finish the game? Phillips, Staffs. Once again I’m not getting much help j Yom you lot. Assuming thai you have gotten past the Boathouse section, walk to Underwood, talk to her and then use the gun. Return to the Dreamweb and talk to the keeper for the latest gossip. Go to the bot- tom left corridor and use the far left corridor. Use the plinth with the key again.

Return to the travel screen and go to the ruined church. Walk to the gate, examine it, then use the wire cutters on it. You’re in! Clwyd Then you are a lousy wizard! You must create the Cat Spell because you need it to get rid of the pesky wizard. In fact you will need to crumble the cat cookie into a bowl of porridge before the wizard will eat it but that’s another story.

All I can say, is that you must have all of the ingredients before you start and you must follow the spell directions EXACTLY or it will go wrong and you wilt die. It isn’t that hard, even I managed to follow the recipe and I can’t boil water without burning it! While Urn talking about this game, let me help out Dale McCarthy who can “tfind the magic wand that you need to create spells.

The wund is in the safe and the key- to the safe is on top of the wardrobe in the Wizard’s bedroom. Curse of Enchantia I am stuck in the ice-fields of Enchantia.

Here is what you must do in the snow world. Pick up plank and go down to the next screen. Throw the plank, pick up the fish and go down to the next screen. Go right, pick up the deodorant, wear the deodorant. Go right and up to the next screen. Give the fish to the Eskimo and pick up the rod. Go to the screen with block of ice and fight with the fish- ing rod. Pick up the stone.

Wander around screens until you get to the Iceman, Pick up the snowballs and fight with the snowballs. Go back to the first screen and find the sleeping sea- lion. Walk over the sea-lion to the other side and shout help. After exit- ing from the cave, go to the boat, and jump in it. When you are back on the shore, throw the stone and the friendly dragon will give you a lift to the next world. Beneath a Steel Sky I have entered the subway and been devoured by the monster in the wall, I also can’t get past the knight that protects the door when you are connected to the line.

What should I do? Stephen Branch, Barnet Jit “if like me, the monster tikes the dark. Alt those bright tights are very bad for the complexion, and when you are scaly and covered in warts, you worry about things tike that.

If you search the watt nearby you’ll find a light switch you can use to scare him away. Don’t worry about the crusader knight as you do not have the object you need to get past him just yet. What you need is the Divine Wrath. OHLY E a. Feast your eyes on this lot. Full review here. Gaining increasing support, we take a first look. Just how does it shape up? Are Digita taking a leaf out of CU’s book?

Let’s see. It seems like almost everyone has one nowadays. Software publishers are realising this and are starting to put our favourite programs on CD. What’s on it? No prizes for guessing that the Office pack is based around ver- sion 6 of Wordworth, but there’s a lot more than many people’s favourite word processor on the CD.

You also get Datastore 2, Organiser 2 and Money Matters 4. A Teat en tie placed! But is it? Keep reading and you can make up your own mind. As already mentioned, the Wordworth 6 Office pack comes with four highly rated programs, most of which have been around for a year or two on floppy disk, The only new upgrade on the disc is Wordworth 6.

The Office CD has two versions of the same programs, one in German, the other in English, All these pro- grams will only run from hard disk. They do not run from CD and there is no mention made of installing them onto floppy disk, The latter isn’t perhaps important because if you have a CD.

Then there is the question of program settings. Most people will set their versions up different- ly and because you can’t save the settings to the CD. The reason for mentioning this is because most people will expect it to run from CD without under- standing the problems involved. Installation of all the-applications was dead easy. No problems whatsoever, even though I installed all the programs onto a Zip cartridge as my hard drive, all one gigabyte of it.

Installing the extra fonts was just, as simple, thanks to the comprehensive instructions supplied in the Wordworth help file and the InstallFonts utility supplied. The fonts can stay on the CD and be installed for use with Wordworth or better still, can he copied onto your hard drive and used from there, Luckily, the bonus fonts drawer is under 4Mb so it’s convenient to keep them on the hard drive where they’ll always be available to Wordworth.

The same couldn’t be said if the fonts were left on CD only because you never know what CD you might want to have in the CD drive when you run Wordworth. I’m sortie. Dill my petty cash and itll silaitioes.. On the CD of course! You’ll need to import them into Wordworth and print n out or even better, ring up Digita and ask for a manual. All the programs also have on- line help to answer most ques- tions about using the applications, This AmigaGuide based file pops up on the screen of the program you are using, saving you the bother of having to swop between help and the program.

How new is it? The only new upgrade or new anything from what I could see on the Office CD is Wordworth 6 which has had a number of new features added. As Digita have just released DrawStudio a drawing program , maybe I expect- ed too much of Wordworth’s draw- ing tools, but they don’t work quite trie way I anticipated, The freehand tool for example, tets you draw freehand but points on the line cannot be edited afterwards although you can change the line colour and thick- ness, Using the bezier curve is a bit hard to describe but imagine selecting a tool, dragging out a tri- angle and then watching the pro- gram create a curved line in between the points and you’re some way to knowing what it’s like.

Unlike a drawing program, the bezier curve points don’t, have control points, but line length and shape can be adjusted, sort of. To create shapes, you have polygon and regular polygon tools. The poiygon tool works by letting you drag out a line and then placing a point on the page by pressing the control key. Un- conventional yes, but it works well enough once you get used to it You cannot however, unlike in Final Writer, edit the points on the polygon. The regular polygon tool is simple enough in that once you have drawn the box, the number of sides can be edited from; the object’s information requester, Another very worthwhile cre- ative addition to Wordworth is watermarks.

These are simply ob- jects that can be placed behind normal text blocks, In the exam- pie I used to review Wordworth 6 r f wanted a bitmapped drop cap from DrawStudio to start a line of text. With Wordworth 6, this wasn’t a problem although to be honest, I could have done it in Wordworth 5 using Text frames, Watermarks just makes it easier.

As well as font mapping, RTF has been re- written so it’s more compatible with lots of different RTF files as well as sup- porting a few new for- matting functions, The other new fea- tures, file encryption and new ARexx com- mands, add to an oth- erwise already fine word processor but don’t significantly boost the program to a new level.

This begs. Only time will tell us the answers, Final thoughts Overall, the Office CD and the floppy disk pack for that matter, are great value when you con- sider what you get. The question on value for money will depend on whether you have any or all of the auxiliary programs aside from Wordworth 6.

Looking like a f Mo -fax, this is one accessory you won’t be ashamed to be seen with. The program helps you keep track of names and addresses, important events and even has a host of supplements which will provide lots of interesting reading on everything from angling to wine.

A very much under rated program that is intuitive and darn useful. More than that, it’s fun to use. The fourth application is Money Matters, a home accounts program that has been around since the year dot. I started out with the first version, which at the time was called Home Accounts. This latest incarnation, has a similar look and feel to the other Digita applications, and can handle multiple accounts that work like most bank accounts on a credit and debit basis. Money Matters also has tools like a loan calculator, insurance inventory, currency calculator and even graphs for the visually enlightened.

A useful tool for watching those pennies. All Pentium systems consist of the following specifications Information on accessing the Internet with your Amiga is also included. All you need are the right tools for the job.

Voice modems, however, are a newer invention. They combine the data capabilities of a fax modem with a digital answering machine. Again, like faxes, you need dedicated software to make the voice capabilities work. We checked it out, in its embryonic stages, armed with the popular voice modem, the USFt Sportster Vi Trial run AVM is shareware so you can check it out first before deciding to buy it. And in true aiways- there-to-help-t he-reader style, CU Amiga Magazine has the unregis- tered version on this month’s cover CD.

The installer is most of the way but there are currently several things which have been left out which would have been very helpful such as showing assigns which need to be made and the option of skip- ping the insertion of them in user-startup. Getting it on To get started is simple enough.

The installer asks whether you have a Voice capable modem and depending on the answer, expands to the modems support- ed. The Rockwell option actually includes a great deal of modems since they are the world’s most prolific manufacturers of the chip-sets used in modems, unfortunately it’s not easy to tell before buying a modem with- out any particular name or brand on it. UiMiy Like— Press 2 to send a fax now.

Or, wait tor the beep. If your modem has fax capability it will probably work with AVM. AVM does what the others do in that it simulates a printer. Normally you would use a word processor and! After faxing both to our office fax machine, the output quality was identical although AVM’s fax was slightly narrower in dimension, Using a computer to generate a fax produces far better results on the other end than a tradition- al scanning fax machine.

Unfortunately it’s not all rosy when it comes to using voice mail. In fact it’s very complicated and the documentation is abysmal. Before going to press. I’d had numerous commu- nications with the Canadian author, Alberto Villarica. The biggest one was that support for the Sportster Vi was only just imple- mented, which is a significant oversight as other voice modems are rare in the UK. OK: normally you can listen to them through the speaker on the modem.

Mope, you cant do that either unless you want a dial- tone or to unpfug the modem. The Sporster Vi also lets the show down as the external speaker output jack hardly seemed to work even on maxi- mum volume, So it’s either use headphones or plug in some kind of amplified speaker. This is very annoying and needs to be sorted out. The bottom line is that AVM works as a fax package for sure. It also half works as a voice mail system on the Sportster Vi but there are crippling problems and it takes quite some time to “figure out what’s going on.

I did man- age to get a basic answering machine working, the Amiga chimed ‘You have messages’ in a lispy female voice. Also, having to play messages into head- phones was acceptable though a nuisance. More work Overall, AVM needs a lot more work. Reasonable defaults must be included and the documentation needs to be vastly improved. However, right here and now it’s all that exists and since it’s shareware you’d be a fool not to have a bash at it. It should shape up in the future and we’ll go for a full review then.

I’d recommend the Sportster Vi when it is fully tidfed up and the problems mentioned here are ironed out- despite the silly speaker output.

However, as it stands it’s a reasonable voice modem and with a free ‘X2’ 56K upgrade from USR, there’s noth- ing to touch it at the price. Orvjinjl – Minnie tbe boildfr. Ma hit. WKnM, I. Ml -I. Aieidi mih fatf xlipftA: rrjIiMk. GII« I :. A new Blitz support system is here and it’s superb. Oor the majority of the Blitz Basic fans an update to the popular development system has been a long time coming. Until tow most of us have relied on BUM Blitz User Magazine – stop giggling at the back to fix bugs and add new commands to the language.

However, this system leaves a lot to be desired as it crashes regularly and doesn’t have that many frequent releases. So most of the die-hard fans rely on dedicated Blitz clubs and news groups for things like new com- mand libraries and tools. Guildhall, having seen a gap for a killer update to Blitz, called in the boys from ‘Red When Excited’ – one of the biggest supporters and cre- ators of many Bfiitz extensions – to do the business.

The Blitz Support Suite is what they came up. There’s no doubt that these libraries will make programming your own stuff much easier. The Map Editor doesn’t offer anything as flash but has the bonus of being designed to work for any language and not just Blitz. It’s a very powerful tool which can cre- ate maps as big as memory dic- tates and generate source code which you can drop into your own program.

A nice touch is being able to define sizes of the individ- ual blocks as well as the maps block dimensions. With a bit of work on small blocks seme very creative maps could be defined with little trouble. Light reading BSS falls down when it comes to documentation. Presumably to save cost everything is document- ed on disk.

The Blitz help system, while not brilliant will pop up the appropriate Amiga guide docu- mentation if prompted. It’s an acceptable solution but it’s not as good as having a printed manual. It’s easy to use though, certain buttons will load example files and iffs for you to view although some of the links are broken. However, the inclusion of updated guide documentation for the origi- nal commands and not just what RWE have worked on is a bonus- Overall BSS excels itself as a must-have gift for any serious Blitz user.

It’s not expensive and worth every penny of the price, especially as you can get a dis- count if you’re a registered Blitz user. There are a couple of patch- es needed for the BSS system to fix minor problems with the Ted dak and debugger. However, don’t worry we have included them on this month’s CD.

HD recommended. Same extensions will require Qe3 4. Simple to use. I Miikrtefy s»f ert wkie lor hi h ui; , it’s i ; steel it lljis price. Ohe CD32 was a huge success and if it wasn’t for cash flow problems and unnecessary stock dumping, it may have kept Commodore alive. Now things are a little dif- ferent and CD32 software is virtu- ally non-existent. The good news is that it’s possible to pick up one of the old ‘turnbledriers’ very cheaply indeed.

It is still an OS 3. All it needs is a lit- tle extra encouragement to bat with the best A systems. Previously, encouragement for CD32 users included plug-in break-out boxes like the SXt- The SXl provided the features that the CD32 doesn’t come with as stan- dard such as parallel and serial ports, RGB video output, IDE hard drive interlace, disk drive port and 1 sometimes a PC keyboard con- nector.

The buffered IDE means that external IDE devices may be attached without worrying too much about the length of the cables involved. So it’s a very wel- come addition. Fitting of the SX32 Pro is as problematic as its predecessors was if there’s a hard drive fitted. Once again, the CD32 must be opened to fit the unit into the rear expansion bay no matter how small the 2. A1ZB0 will itfasl mem. What does let it down is the RGB video output. The video level brightness is quite low on the Amiga Technologies and mon- itors.

This is not a terminal prob- lem but is annoying just the same. This is a shame since it’s not cheap. I would have liked to have seen better performance for this sort of money. Unlike previous CD32 expan- sions, there’s no significant money to be saved compared with an A1 based system. You do, however, get provision for a lovely external keyboard and CD-ROM drive which are valuable in their own right, It’s an expensive investment but a top notch Amiga system can be created out of an otherwise idle CD If the price of the SX32 Pro, hard drive, key- board and memory doesn’t put you off, I recommend it as an Amiga system to be proud of.

Ohe chances are that we will never again see the level of standardisation that there was in the Amiga market of a few years ago. With development on Ihe Amiga effectively having ceased since the launch of the AA chipset, peo- ple are following third-party upgrade paths to bring their Ami gas more in line with state-of- the-art technology in their own fields of interest, buying graphics cards if graphics is important to them, and sound cards if they are into music On top of this the vari- ous companies considering bring- ing out Amiga-like computers don’t even agree on what CPU to base it on.

It is a hardware independent audio system. AHI provides retargetable herd- ware support from a simple device driver which can be easily configured for standard sound cards and made to Utilise on-board DSP functions in ‘smart’ cards, its fast mixing routines will mix 8- or bit samples of any length and with any number of loops from fast RAM and output bit mono or stereo data in up to channels. It supports non realtime mixing for computers with slower processors by spooling to disk.

How will we avoid the kind of problem that plagues PC users such as having to reconfigure all their new software for their hard- ware setup, and quite often hav- ing to reconfigure the hardware setup for the software?

The PC is often unfairly vilified by Amiga users, but one very definite weak- ness of the PC – at least until plug and play becomes the exception rather than the rule – is its han- dling of sound output, as anyone who has spent ages attempting to coerce a new game to work with their sound card will attest. With the AHI retarget?

Die audio system, a game or any other piece of software with sound output can send the sound data to a device han- dler which already knows what hardware you have and interprets the sound data in a way which your hardware can understand. If you have the latest DSP based sound card from hell it will play through that and pass the card any hardware specific- commands it receives, if you are reliant on a bog standard Paula chip part of the custom chipset for audio playback, no problem.

It won’t sound as good, but it will do its best. The system b dcsiji-itd :e be. AtiFtofpr-ograriE d? When a manufacturer produces a new sound card, all they have to do is write an AHI driver for their card and the oid problem of finding software to run on it is solved.

If you have the AHI driver, your new sound card will work with every AHI compliant software package you use, even if they were written before the sound card existed. There would be no need to go through all your old software reconfiguring it either.

If it is con- figured to output through the AHI system, then it is already config- ured with your new sound card. The flip side of this is of course also true – a software author writ- ing a new package need know nothing about the various sound cards on the market to write in compatibility for them, because instead of writing output drivers for all the sound cards they can find out about, they need only write an output driver for AHI and their program will work with every AHI compliant sound card that has ever or will ever be made.

AHI is currently in Beta – although it works and is available for developers and end users alike, it has a little way to go before it is the finished article. The Amiga audio scene really needs something like this, and the reception to AHI has been enthu- siastic, Martin Blom is continuing development on the AHI system, but is dependent on other pro- grammers to support AHI in their software. The list of cards and software with AHI support is con- tinually growing as more and more developers jump onto the handwagon.

Cermani r. AHI is even beginning to make its mark outside its natural audience of music makers with the first couple of AMI compatible fames. Sr«L«L,1il CI Rf. EG BffiY H F10 Hdna. H “ifH F B. OO UK E3. D0J HfiQl ham Pen? Is it bye-bye FinalCalc? Ohe latest salvo in the spreadsheet war is TurboCalc v4 r a signifi- cant upgrade from v3. Altht jgh TurboCalc doesn’t con- form to the Digita standard layout it se:. An AmigaGuide conversion patch will install the help i’iles in an QS2.

TurboCalc seems less. On the contrary, TurboCalc did almost everything I wanted it to, which is a welcome surprise by Amiga spreadsheet wbrfju im. TurboCalc comple- ments its easy to use menus with a user definable toolbar. TurboCalc has followed FinalCalc’s lead in allowing multi- ple sheets in a project, with con- nections between cells in different sheets, a facility which has been fatally lacking in Amrga spread sheets until recently. Another fea- ture TurboCalc followed the FinalCalc lead with is animated graphs – see the box for details.

FinalCalc introduced the idea of animated graphs, which are a great way of showing how data changes over time. Rather strangely, the graphs were output in a series of IFFs instead of an anim, which would have been easy to implement and saved users a lot of time, TurboCalc has introduced animated graphs itself, but bizarrely has the same omission.

Automation is also significantly improved with the addition of fills, a clever sys- tem to allow the user to paint in lists of increasing value. If, for instance, you wished to define a sheet with several hundred columns sorted by date in a four day period, you need-only set the first date, select the cells you want dates in.

FinalCalc’s fills were never so flexible or easy to use, Spreadsheets are traditionally for financial calculations but this is far from their only use, They can be used all sorts of data process- ing tasks. I know of spreadsheets being used for running Fantasy Football games, designing hi-fi loudspeakers, even designing pyra- mids. So the ability to import data is critical, and in this TurboCalc both hits and misses.

On the plus side, TurboCalc can impart from Excel, Lotus , and FYocalc, the three most likely foreign spread- sheet formats users will want to deal with, and is far better than FinalCalc in this regard. I occasionally need to import huge lists of raw data produced by a piece of PC based test equipment, which none, of the CSV loaders in TurboCalc will handle perfectly.

FinalCalc has a truly excellent user – definable text importer which can load in pretty much anything. With v4, TurboCalc is now able to compete on equal footing with FinalCalc. Some will swear by one, some will swear by the other.

I find TurboCalc a real breeze to use compared to FinalCalc. Each have their own strengths, and in the final analysis, each package will suit different people.

W »J» Eft. W E2S. Wf , :,n.. I-,: supply riMnHjis in nun Mkmrs I -. Fax order lint’ n72l 2 VISA? W CD32 4. Mf-s FAN AS” WORMS Two Worms clones, one Doom clone and an Orb slides how. That’ll do nicely, for a start, for Andrew Korn’s journey into the ‘scene’. Sliders 2 Puzzle game This is a nice professionally produced i game I’ve always found tedious but so Sliders 2 you have a jumbled grid of sq space in it so that by sliding the squan unjumble the grid. The presentation is with lots of options including one to la graphics in to be jumbled up.

In uares with one js about you can high quality, with ad your own i after a sliders type game, you should look at this Available front: s c L L T 8 nline PD. Tel; Shoemaker-Levy 9 Slideshow If your idea of fun is watch- ing massive chunks of rock and ice hurtling at incredible speeds through space and then falling screaming into the atmosphere of a distant gas giant, tearing holes in its very atmosphere and staining the cloud-cover with dark, brooding wounds, then you’ll probably enjoy this disk.

The images are all accessed via their Workbench icons, which is an effective if simplistic front end. The text files have to be loaded into your own file reader which seems a bit shoddy, but then they are pretty boring, so it’s no great loss. Tel: Beast ies v2. Sounds familiar? It is. PD versions of commercial games have been a regular of these pages for years.

Someone thinks of a feature they wish the original game had, so they write their own version with that fea- ture in. This one is like Worms Only with a lot less features. Most Amiga gamers have probably got Worms by now and those who haven’t can pick it up for a bargain price if they hunt about.

It really isn’t worth the small saving of buying the licenceware version of this game instead of the vastly superior original. Available from: Arrow PD. It’s initially breathtaking. Stick it on a reasonably accelerated machine and you can enjoy an atmospheric background whizzing past at light speed. After a few moments you realise that it is actually a rather clever bodge. The background is identical wherever you look and you can only move forwards in straight lines – it isn’t possible to hump into a wall, for example.

The usual guns and monsters formula is there and there are a few barricades pasted on the screen to make it a bit more maze-like. However, there isn’t a whole lot in it beyond those initial impressions. Your character, a fat mud-encrusted half- Womhle, half-slug hybrid life farm, waddles across the screen like a penguin with a club foot.

You are, allegedly, a prisoner in a high security prison from which you must escape. But it’s all so simple. The guards just warn you off politely when you hit them and doors are never locked. The prisoner in the cell next door has a security pass and a bloke down the corridor has a gun he doesn’t mind giving you because you once talked to a mate of his.

It took me only 10 minutes to complete. At least the puzzles make sense, a rarity even in commercial games. Not without comedy value but puzzle solvers should give it a wide berth. If you like the notion of whizzing about in a bi-plane shooting your foes out of the sky, pick up this version before it becomes a commercial release!

Not only do you get a flight si m which display u light-sourced objects, animated backgrounds and graduated horizons fast enough to be flawlessly smooth on a decent , but you can play multiplayer through a serial connection or split screen, Stephen Birch, the author, promises the final game will have a strong tactical element, the opponents battling each other not only for supremacy of the sky but also of the ground, where mines, roads and oil rigs can be built to allow the upgrading of your aircraft.

If the final game is half as good as it sounds, it’ll be a blinder. Even in its present state, you can still attempt that sneaky Immelman turn which takes you through th rotating blades of the windmill and onto your opponent’s tail while you watch in satisfaction as he sees what you are doing on your half of the split screen!

Available from: Online PD. The idea « is to challenge your rivals for domination of an asteroid belt. You can build various structures on your asteroid, and eventually build your own ships and missiles to seek out new asteroids to colonise and new civilisations to destroy.

The presentation is reasonable for a PD game but nothing spectacular. The gameplay is slow and a little lacking in variation, but will amuse bored God game fans for a little while. Soma ill! This otfar cannol tw used wilh the Iree dink or frmt! Hvti rLO. Brl r L4C HM. Tt- um.? IQtHt n. Uf9l Ifjfl. I « nma. I ail iiaa :a»li 1 1. Tl IA. TI Hlj t! MtSl Aa. GSAJri” jjrj «i. Ui 1 IKAJw at paman irhaaia. WMom 1 5ii«mg atia Mr? Qoi i Kmcw? MH71 y«f«. He [tiito. Women and visual depictions of the U.

Heather Nunn. Rik Smit. Adrienne Russell. David McQueen. James Fahey. Annabelle Lukin. Seth Ashley. Marcello Curci. Mohammed A Al-Emad. Joshua Meyrowitz. Sam AlIraqi. Eleanor Hancock. Shoma Munshi. Sharon Lauricella , Aziz Douai. Dimitrova , Jesper Stromback. Awais H. Social Problems. Douglas Kellner. Aurora Bosotti. George Borawski.

Log in with Facebook Log in with Google. Remember me on this computer. Enter the email address you signed up with and we’ll email you a reset link. Need an account? Click here to sign up. Download Free PDF. Dispatches from the front : war reporting as news genre, with special reference to news flow.

Nicolene Botha. Related Papers. Embed’s perception of censorship. Editorial Board Scary news: children’s responses to news of war.

Howard Journal of … A tale of two wars: Framing analysis of online news sites in coalition countries and the Arab world during the Iraq war. Redden, G. Key to these policies was the Department of Defense’s Embedded Media Program which allowed hundreds of selected reporters to accompany US forces to the war front.

The US openly tried to win international support for the war, and critics felt that this policy was designed to saturate the media with reports supporting the American point of view. This study examines these policies, the history of war reporting as a separate news genre, as well as the fluctuating relations between the US military and the media. Because of the US media policies, the fact that only one South African newspaper reporter was in Iraq during Operation Iraqi Freedom phase of the war and South African newspapers’ consequent reliance on foreign news sources, there was a real possibility that the American position would be propagated in the local press.

To test whether this was the case, the way the war was reported on in four leading South African newspapers is examined in terms of gatekeeping, agendasetting and framing. Using an adapted version op Propp’s fairytale analysis as a standard, it compares the slant and content of the South African coverage to the way four senior US government officials presented the war. Also, the coverage of the newspapers is compared to one another.

The analyses indicate that while most of the information published by the newspapers came from American sources, the news reports generally did not mirror the US standpoint, but instead criticised President Bush and the war on Iraq.

Neither the frequency of the newspapers, nor its cultural background showed any correlation with the way the war was depicted by the different newspapers. It is therefore concluded that while the US might have been successful in their attempt to “occupy the media territory” in terms of sources cited, they were not able to sway the opinion of the South African press in their favour.

However, the US is aware of these failures and plans to rectify the mistakes made in Gulf War II by means of proactive global operations started in times of peace. Sentraal tot hierdie nuwe beleid was die Departement van Verdediging se sogenaamde “Embedded Media Program” wat honderde uitgesoekte joernaliste toegelaat het om Amerikaanse magte na die oorlogsfront te vergesel.

Weens die Amerikaanse mediabeleid, die feit dat slegs een Suid-Afrikaanse koerantverslaggewer tydens die Operation Iraqi Freedom fase van die oorlog in Irak was en Suid-Afrikaanse koerante gevolglik van buitelandse nuusbronne afhanklik was, was daar ‘n werklike moontlikheid dat die Amerikaanse posisie deur die plaaslike pers gepropageer kon word. Om te toets of dit die geval was, is die manier waarop in vier vooraanstaande Suid-Afrikaanse koerante oor die oorlog berig is, ondersoek in terme van hekwagterskap, agendastelling en raamskepping.

Die koerante se dekking is ook met mekaar vergelyk. Nie die frekwensie van die koerante of die kulturele agtergrond daarvan het enige korrelasie getoon met die manier waarop die oorlog deur die verskillende koerante uitgebeeld is nie. Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat hoewel die VSA moontlik daarin geslaag het om die “mediaterrein te okkupeer” in terme van aangehaalde bronne, het hulle nie daarin geslaag om die Suid-Afrikaanse pers se opinie in hul guns te swaai nie.

Die VSA is egter bewus van die foute wat tydens die Tweede Golfoorlog gemaak is en beplan om dit deur middel van proaktiewe globale operasies in vredestyd reg te stel. On a professional level, I want to express my sincerest gratitude towards Professor Lizette Rabe, who took my hand in one of the darkest hours of my life. Thank you for your guidance, your leadership, your professionalism, your support and your encouragement — and for always having time for me no matter how hectic your schedule.

Most of all, thank you for your friendship. I would also like to thank Professor Leopold Scholtz for his willingness to jump in and help out despite an excessively busy programme.

Your knowledge and insight gave me courage at a time when I needed it most. I will never forget your kindness, your down-to-earth attitude and your willingness to share your thoughts and parts of your lives with me. I also want to thank Professor Emile van Zyl of the Department of Microbiology at the University of Stellenbosch for helping me with my data analysis. You are a true friend. Most important of all, however, is my family and friends. You are my rock — without your love, patience, encouragement and wisdom I would not have been able to make it this far.

You are beautiful human beings and I am so proud of you! Skeletal figures behind barbed wire. Murdered babies in a bus. Two and a half million people driven from their homes in an orgy of ‘ethnic cleansing’.

Detention camps, maybe even concentration camps. This is a prime example of framing: the photographer was inside a fenced enclosure, and not the subjects of this photograph, as is suggested.

A thing is not necessarily either true or false; it can be both true and false. This study will examine these policies, the history of relations between the US and the media in times of war, and will attempt to determine whether and to what extent the American point of view was reflected in reports published by four leading South African newspapers during the Operation Iraqi Freedom phase of the Gulf War II.

The key concern of detractors of the new US media policies centred around the Department of Defense’s Embedded Media Program which allowed hundreds of selected reporters to accompany the US forces to the war front to “tell the factual story — good or bad — before others seed the media with disinformation and distortions, as they most certainly will continue to do” Rumsfeld, a.

The US made no secret of its desire to gain the support of the international community for the American led war on Iraq, and critics were of the opinion that this policy in particular was designed to saturate the international media with news reports biased towards the American point of view Diemand, ; Misken et al. Being geographically and politically removed from the conflict, the South African media was in a good position to bring balance through impartiality into reports, but with only three local reporters in Iraq, and then for a very brief period Schoonakker, , there was an increased likelihood of the American stance being promoted through reports received from foreign sources.

Apart from Bonny Schoonakker who reported for the Sunday Times from Baghdad during the first weeks of the war, South African newspapers relied on news agencies Business Day, , foreign media reports and the views of local experts, few of whom had ever set foot in Iraq. This study focuses on Operation Iraqi Freedom, but the term “Gulf War II” is used where the timeframe referred to transcends this phase of the war. Hafez indicated that in Germany, which was not involved militarily, there was little evidence of any mechanism that “manufactured consent” about the war: governments have a political target that they follow; the media work according to their own inborn ideological and professional or commercial orientation; and the public decides on matters of war and peace according to their own values and attitudes that are rooted in the political culture and history of the relevant country.

In the US, which was the main military player during the war, the media as well as the public moved closer to the government’s stance, but in the UK, which fully supported the US, a pattern very similar to that of Germany was exhibited, with little interdependence between government, media and public opinion Hafez, The study determined that it is not possible to establish a general and direct correlation between a government’s involvement in a war, and the support to the war effort of that particular country’s media and citizens.

However, in their report to the Australian Parliament, Sarah Misken of the Politics and Public Administration Group, and Laura Rayner and Maria Lalic of the Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Group of the Department of the Parliamentary Library of Australia expressed concern that media and public opinion about the war might be influenced by the US military’s invitation to the media to join them on the battlefield.

Referring to past wars, they felt that the privilege of accompanying the US military might impair the media’s objectivity and result in self-censorship: “The result is that the public may not be offered the alternative views that would help them to decide whether or not to support a conflict”. Due to the recency of the war in Iraq when the preliminary reading was done in , no South African studies were yet available about news coverage of Operation Iraqi Freedom, nor had any books been published on the subject.

Since , only a few journal articles and book chapters have dealt with news coverage of Operation Iraqi Freedom by the South African media. Head of the media section of University of Cape Town’s Centre for Film and Media Ian Glenn analysed South African and international media coverage of the war and how it was received by viewers.

He found that South African coverage was surprisingly balanced and politically in the middle of the spectrum, but remarked that it might be argued that people with strong political feelings might find fair and balanced reporting less compelling. In their analysis of war coverage, Arnold de Beer, Herman Wasserman and Nicolene Botha of the Journalism Department at the University of Stellenbosch also remarked on how balanced South African coverage was, and noted that although South Africans were mostly against the American attacks on Iraq, coverage — even by some of the most critical South African newspapers — was not biased against the United States.

Christine Buchinger, Herman Wasserman and Arnold de Beer of the Journalism Department at the University of Stellenbosch asked how the South African media had fared in its coverage of the war, and whether or not it was influenced by the Western sources from which it obtained much of its information.

They too came to the conclusion that the South African television broadcasters kept to the centre of the political spectrum Buchinger et al. This study focused only on televised reports, and not on newspaper coverage. Leopold Scholtz, military expert, Professor Extraordinaire of History at University of Stellenbosch and Deputy Editor, Die Burger, touched on the “most interesting experiment Scholtz came to the conclusion that Allowing the independent media to be embedded may have been an attempt to co-opt them in a subtle state propaganda campaign.

If so, it failed, because the journalists, by and large, kept their professionalism and reported mostly objectively, including writing or saying things that were unflattering to their hosts. In order to achieve this objective, questions about the origin and history of war reporting as a news genre will be answered, with special reference to the historical relationship between the US military and the media, the policies that shaped this relationship and the policies during Operation Iraqi Freedom.

An attempt will be made to determine whether either the frequency or the cultural background of the South African newspapers determined in terms of language had an effect on the coverage. It is expected that this study will show that the US message about the war in Iraq had largely found its way to South African newspapers, resulting in coverage leaning towards the American government’s point of view. This will be augmented with a focused examination of the interaction between the media and the US military during various conflicts since the American Civil War.

This examination will be elucidated with the views of a number of international war correspondents who personally experienced the outcome of the US media policy during different conflicts, namely Peter Arnett, Paul Watson, Martin Savidge, Robert Fisk, and Bonny Schoonakker.

The US media policy will be assessed, with special reference to the Embedded Media Program, its ground rules and the media boot camp. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods will be used to analyse the content of all Operation Iraqi Freedom news reports published by the leading English and Afrikaans daily and Sunday newspapers, namely The Star English, daily , and Die Burger Afrikaans, daily , as well as Sunday Times English, Sunday , and Rapport Afrikaans, Sunday between 21 March the day after the start of the Operation Iraqi Freedom and until the first publication date of the respective newspapers after the end of major combat operations was announced.

This will be done to establish whether and to what extent the US’s take on the war found its way to South Africa. The newspaper reports will be classified into news agency reports, reports written by own reporters or local experts, and reports compiled from various news sources.

The content analyses will be done using selected theoretical models of gatekeeping, agendasetting and framing as parameters. Russian linguist Vladimir Propp’s fairytale analysis will be employed to enumerate elements in the news agenda of major role players during Operation Iraqi Freedom for the purpose of analysis. This model is based on a compilation of various models of gatekeeping, most of which are founded on the “model of selective gatekeeping” of the Norwegian Peace and Conflict researchers Johan Galtung and Marie Holmboe Ruge , which in turn originated from the gatekeeper model of David Manning White, , a former journalist and mass communications scientist and educator.

The second model to be used for the content analysis of Operation Iraqi Freedom coverage is the agendasetting approach of communication and public opinion researcher Maxwell McCombs and Donald Shaw, communication historian and theorist, as expanded by McCombs Agendasetting refers to the mass media’s tendency to pay attention to certain issues, but neglect others. The third model that will be employed in the analysis of the war reports is framing.

Although there is much contention about the exact nature of framing Roefs, ; Scheufele, , it is generally accepted to be related to the model of agendasetting, and especially to second level agendasetting.

Framing can be described as the presentation of selected elements of a news story in such a way that a particular view of the problem, or causality, or moral evaluation, or course of action is promoted Entman, A conspicuous frame that emerged from Operation Iraqi Freedom media coverage is what is called the Hollywoodisation Knight, of the war.

This refers to the many ways Operation Iraqi Freedom was presented to and interpreted by the public as an event akin to a Hollywood action-adventure with a hero fighting against an evil empire to save the world. Such a structure was found in the seminal fairytale analysis of Vladimir Propp , which will be employed not only to examine the proposed news frame, but also as a yardstick against which agendasetting will be measured as part of the process of news flow.

A brief synopsis of the research design and methodology will be given, as well as an outline of the chapters of the study. Chapter 2: Key concepts of this study will be explained and the theoretical framework for the study will be provided, with special reference to the models of gatekeeping, agendasetting and framing that will be used in Chapter 7 to analyse the news flow during Operation Iraqi Freedom from the sources of information to the South African newspapers.

This chapter will also explain Propp’s fairytale analysis and how it can be applied to the analysis of Operation Iraqi Freedom news coverage. Chapter 4: The design of the study and the methodology to be followed will be described. Chapter 5: The historical evolution of war reporting as a news genre will be studied, as well as the inevitable interaction between the military and the media.

The media policies and relationships between the US military and the media during conflicts from the American Civil War to the war in Afghanistan preceding Gulf War II will subsequently be investigated.

This will be augmented with the views of renowned war correspondents. Chapter 6: The intricacies of the US strategic communication network during Operation Iraqi Freedom will be investigated. The US Department of Defense’s media policy will be described, with special reference to the Embedded Media Program, its ground rules and the media boot camp.

The advantages and disadvantages of the position of embedded reporters will be weighed against that of unilateral reporters. This will be supplemented with the views of war correspondents.

Chapter 7: The content of all news reports pertaining to Operation Iraqi Freedom published by four South African newspapers during the first weeks of the war will be analysed in terms of gatekeeping, agendasetting, and framing and compared to analysis of public addresses and news briefings by four prominent US government officials. Chapter 8: Conclusions about the results of the analysis will be drawn, on the basis of which recommendations will be made.

The history of relations between the US and the media in times of war will be investigated by means of a historiographical study, and an attempt will ultimately be made to determine whether and to what extent the American point of view was reflected by the South African press.

Initially, no scholarly literature was available on the South African media’s coverage of Operation Iraqi Freedom, and there still are very few completed studies on the subject. Since , more international studies had become available on gatekeeping, agendasetting and framing in coverage of Operation Iraqi Freedom, but none of these dealt with the interaction between US media policies and coverage in South Africa.

This study will therefore contribute to the knowledge base of international news flow. Using the classical news theory models of gatekeeping, agendasetting and framing as functions of the news flow process as parameters, the origin, flow and content of reports on Operation Iraqi Freedom that were published in South African newspapers will be analysed through a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods.

Propp’s fairytale analysis and how it can be applied to the news coverage will also be discussed. To determine whether and to what extent this portrayal of the war and especially of Operation Iraqi Freedom had found its way to South African newspapers, the theoretical models of gatekeeping, agendasetting and framing that will be used to analyse news documents in Chapter 7, are discussed in Chapter 2.

Additionally, because of the alleged “Hollywoodisation” of the war Knight, ; Watkins, Propp’s fairytale analysis is examined and an argument is made for its application to the analysis of coverage of Operation Iraqi Freedom.

Canadian media and mass communication experts David Skinner, Michael Gasher and James Compton state that Journalists do not simply “find” meaning in the raw data — “the facts”, interviews, etc. Rather, they create meaning out of, or from, this information American former journalist and mass communication scholar Peter Parisi explains that from the perspective of critical or cultural studies news writing represents a set of choices: choices that a define an issue as newsworthy and certain questions as relevant; b admit, mute, or reject information, sources, and perspectives; and c decide the level and extent of detail and “color” with which to render a person, community, region, or issue.

McNelly addressed the fact that between the event and the audience, news flows through the hands of many gatekeepers, who may be correspondents, news bureau personnel or various levels of editors.

This observation is still true today. At the central bureau it may be altered or combined with another story before it is transferred through to the national bureau of a country, where it may once again be changed before it is dispatched to a newspaper or radio station that may modify it again, or even reject it, before publication or broadcast.

The audience, in turn, may also act as gatekeepers by passing snippets of information on to other people. Throughout the process, feedback in various guises may or may not have a further effect on the manipulation of the news report.

In Galtung and Ruge identified factors used in the selection of news in the news flow process, and subsequent studies e. Boyd-Barrett, ; Fenby, ; Friedland, ; quoted by Sreberny-Mohammadi, determined that these and other “gatekeeping factors” were predominantly in the hands Western news agencies, particularly in the US.

This development did not go far and today international news flow is no more symmetrical than 30 years ago, with the US still at the centre of news output Kleinsteuber, He referred to the person who selected the food as the “gatekeeper”, adding that the theory of gates “holds not only for food channels but also for the travelling of a news item through certain communication channels in a group” Lewin, In , White used this idea in his study of the selection processes involved in the flow of news from the source to the audience past the various filters or “gatekeepers” White, This made him the first scholar to study gatekeeping in the journalistic sense of the word Zhou, White specifically studied what he called “the last ‘gatekeeper'” — a wire-editor, referred to as Mr Gates, who was responsible for the selection of national and international news for the front and jump pages of the newspaper White, This study was replicated in by American communication scientist Paul B.

However, the nature of the news had changed, as in the press was more interested in hard news and international conflicts than was the case in Gieber focused on reporters and their sources as two gatekeepers in the channel of news flow, but he, like White, came to the conclusion that the news is “very subjective”, stating that news does not have an independent existence and that it is in fact the product of the members of a “news-gathering bureaucracy” Gieber, , News, Gieber declared, is what the media make it.

Extrapolating factors identified as conducive to attracting attention on a psychological level, Galtung and Ruge postulated eight hypotheses about news selection. These factors were regarded as internationally applicable, but the authors granted that the selection of events as news may also be influenced by culture-bound factors, which for the Norwegian community included reference to elite nations, to elite people, to people, and to something negative.

For example, in his study of domestic news German-born American sociologist and educator Herbert Gans found that journalists use a range of interrelated considerations to determine the newsworthiness of a story. Gans also referred to interesting stories, which generally are what he called “people stories”. Whereas “important” stories often tend to be “bad”, “interesting” stories are generally “good” or at least “light”.

Stories concerning sex, show business, human interest, animals, an unfolding drama, or offering opportunities for humorous treatment, entertaining photographs or witty headlines. This includes press conferences of Iraqi Minister of Information, Mohammed Saeed al-Sahaf, also known as “Comical Ali” because of the way he “bemused the West with his litany of claimed victories over coalition troops, and amused Arabs with his bottomless Figure 1. Iraqi Information dictionary of insults”.

Stories concerning powerful individuals, organisations or institutions. Figure 2. George W. Stories about issues, groups and nations perceived to be relevant to the audience. South Africa is a remarkably Americanised country, especially in consumerism and the arts Cuthbertson, According to Bush there is “a vital and strong relationship” between the two countries The White House, , making matters of concern to the US important to South Africa.

This, however, did not necessarily Figure 3. Stories with particular positive overtones such as rescues or cures. One of the most significant events during the war was the now controversial rescue of Army Pfc Jessica Lynch from the Saddam Hospital in Nasiryia, which prompted newspapers world-wide to wax lyrical about both her bravery and the heroism of her rescuers Lamprecht, a Figure 4.

Stories with particular negative overtones, such as conflict or tragedy. In times of conflict, definitions of “good” or “bad” news depends on point of view.

Few of these images were published, as the Pentagon instructed US military bases that “there will be no arrival ceremonies for, or media coverage of, deceased military personnel returning to or departing from Ramstein Germany airbase or Figure 5. A rare photograph of Dover Del. These are the most important cargo plane at Kuwait ports for the returning remains of soldiers who International Airport. Tami died in Iraq. Such images were the source of Silico, the contract-worker who great joy amongst people harbouring anti- photographed the coffins, was American sentiments Die Burger, b Stories that are perceived as sufficiently significant either in the numbers of people involved or in potential impact.

The “shock and awe” attack was newsworthy not only because of the governmental and media hype beforehand, but also for the more than 1 missiles and bombs that were exploded by the US military forces on selected targets in and around Baghdad on the night of 20 March Rapport, a.

Figure 6. Although president George W. Bush already enjoys “important person” status in terms of newsworthiness, his Thanksgiving visit to his troops in Baghdad Lamprecht, b:6 was a fail-safe move to ensure wide media coverage, especially because of the clandestine nature of the visit.

Figure 7. President Bush serves his troops Photo: Associated Press, a. Global coverage of Gulf War II shows clear differences in the news agendas. Figure 8. Newspapers of 22 March Newseum, Stories about subjects already in the news. Figure 9. The continued search for weapons of mass destruction Photo: CNN, She condensed and integrated these models into a detailed model of gatekeeping, which agreed with McNelly that news flow through various channels to news organisations, such as wire services, newspapers and television networks, where the messages are either rejected or selected and adapted before it is passed on to the next person or organisation.

Recognising the complexity of the gatekeeping process, Shoemaker acknowledged the distinct traits and characteristics of the gatekeeper — people in a news organisation who select and shape news messages, such as reporters, news editors, sub- editors and editors. Figure Intra-individual gatekeeping processes illustration redrawn as in Shoemaker, As seen in Figure 11, these reporters must comply with the limitations of their news routines, and with their employers’ priorities Shoemaker, For example, when veteran Washington Post reporter Walter Pincus questioned whether the US government had proof that Saddam was hiding weapons of mass destruction, his editors refused to publish his story and only did so when forced by assistant managing editor Bob Woodward Kurtz, Reporters accused the Washington Post of printing government views on the front page, while anything contradicting the administration was placed “on A18 on Sunday or A24 on Monday” Kurz, Gatekeeping within an organisation is embedded in communication organisational characteristics illustration redrawn as in Shoemaker, The demands of influential forces outside news organisations are equally important in news selection Shoemaker, In Iraq embedded reporters had to comply with the Pentagon ground rules, which prohibited the publication of information on e.

Because Fox News correspondent Geraldo Rivera broke these rules by drawing a map in the sand indicating his location with the st Airborne unit relatively to Baghdad, as well as their destination, he was asked by the Pentagon to voluntarily leave Iraq Plante, In this section of the model, Shoemaker also made provision for the “groupthink” phenomenon first described by psychologist Irving Janis in , who defined it as a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive group, when the members’ strivings for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action.

This phenomenon is of particular interest in coverage of Operation Iraqi Freedom, as two prominent US newspapers, namely Washington Post Kurtz, and The New York Times both used the word “groupthink” when apologising for their erroneous reporting on weapons of mass destruction as justification for the war on Iraq.

As indicated in Figure 12, surviving news items that were fashioned to suit the needs and characteristics of the organisation, are subsequently either transmitted directly to the audience, or passed to a next news organisation, where it is subjected to a similar series of gatekeeping procedures Shoemaker, Gatekeeping between organisations is embedded in social system ideology and culture and is influenced by social and institutional factors illustration redrawn as in Shoemaker, The Sunday Times had their own unilateral reporter in Baghdad Schoonakker, , which cut down considerably the number of gates and the consequent sifting and alterations to the messages.

All the other newspapers, however, relied solely on agency material, which some newspapers adapted to their readership, while others, such as The Citizen, published wire reports without rewriting them. As indicated by the feedback loops in Figure 12, news organisations do not act in isolation, but form part of the ideology and social system in which they function, and their news agenda is therefore subjected to sanctioning by their audience as representatives of this community Shoemaker, They are also under pressure from external institutions such as advertisers, shareholders, and government bodies.

The extent of these pressures can best be illustrated by the dismissal of Pulitzer Prize winning news correspondent Peter Arnett by US broadcaster NBC after he made critical comments about the US war effort when interviewed on Iraqi television Sales, Initially NBC defended Arnett, but within 24 hours yielded to outside pressure to fire their only correspondent in Baghdad.

While one cannot allege that General Electric in any way perpetuated the war, it would not be unreasonable to assume that a company would strive to protect its relationship with such an important client Deserano, ; Ireland, Through selection and the assignment of salience by e. This ability was first recognised by newspaper columnist Walter Lippmann, who referred to “the pictures in our heads” in his book Public Opinion Lippmann, : “The only feeling that anyone can have about an event he does not experience is the feeling aroused by his mental image of that event” — an image to a large extent created by the news media.

This view was confirmed in by US sociologists Paul Lazarsfeld and Robert Merton who referred to one of the mass media’s roles in society as “status- conferral” function, which means that the mass media confer status on public issues, persons, organizations, and social movements. Common experience as well as research testifies that the social standing of persons or social policies is raised when these command favorable attention in the mass media Examining this idea in his book The press and foreign policy, which dealt with the media’s role in the foreign policy decision-making process, Bernard Cohen, a political scientist from the University of Wisconsin, observed that the press “may not be successful much of the time in telling people what to think, but it is stunningly successful in telling its readers what to think about” : It is here, in the description of the political environment and the suggestion of the policy alternatives that give the best promise of managing the environment, that we shall find the press playing such an important role in current thinking about foreign policy For most of the foreign policy audience, the really effective political map of the world — that is to say, their operational map of the world — is drawn by the reporter and the editor, not by the cartographer.

It must be noted that the term “agenda”, according to McCombs , is not intended to imply that a news organisation has a premeditated, often evil, “agenda” that it pursues relentlessly, but is merely a descriptive term, referring to the result over time of numerous day-to-day decisions by all the gatekeepers in a news organisation, from the reporter in the field to the sub-editor and the editor. That the line-up of issues on the public agenda was very similar to the line-up of issues that was in the new coverage of the previous month McCombs, According to McCombs newspapers provide various cues about the salience of a particular news event through the placement of a report on a page, the page it is printed on, and the size of the headline, for example.

When the same cues regarding the importance of an issue recur over a period of days, weeks, months, or even longer, it becomes possible to identify the agenda of a news organisation. Since that first study almost four decades ago, and more than empirical studies later Weaver, , the agendasetting theory has expanded into five distinct stages McCombs, ; McCombs, The idea of first level agendasetting resulted from the theory initiated by McCombs and Shaw after their Chapel Hill research project which dealt with the prominence or salience of objects: “public issues, political candidates, other public figures.

It could be any set of objects that you might be interested in” McCombs, Other first level agendasetting studies include those by Winter and Eyal , Iyengar and Kinder , Eaton and Brosius and Kepplinger When people are in an unfamiliar situation, they experience a “need for orientation” which makes them turn to the news media to orient themselves McCombs, Parry Cane and 15th August ?

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A is a terrorist organization in Spain. His Praise of Folly is still read. Its head office is at Bangkok. Kurein is associated with Dairy Farming. Mendel is known as founder of genetics. Dunant launched Red Cross Movement. Sheikh Ahmad Yasin in Chief of Indian Squad during mankind with respect to society, economy and history.

Woman fight for their liberty. Canada world? Margret Thature. Saudi Arabia 3. What it is called when Stock Exchange is going down? K Rowling? He weighted kgs.

Renaissance Florence to shave them off. South Korea. It is metres long and 36 called Moscow metres wide. It travels at a Chandelier phenomenal speed of , miles per second. It is Franklin feet one inch high from the base to torch. Manhattan Niepce”France in It is located in USA. C; this is included in seven wonder of the seaport. War-I, serious earthquake hit in Shih Huang-ti BC. D Roosevelt was elected as president for three times. Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. It was put to use in Dec in UK.

Day landgin during the Second World War on 6th June Sevres in with Turkey. It is made of copper, located in Nelson. France presented it to US. Nordic Region. Mahal in Shah is a History. Pakistan on December 2, RBC justice of Pakistan. Zoroastrian are placed after funeral rituals. Fazlul Haq. Compact Disc: James T. S was Bin-Yamin. Abdussalam was awarded Nobel Prize in Tanganyika and Zanzibar. Surviving cold condition like this is called group and link two major groups, are called Living Fossil.

D means in the year of our Lord. Basra, Iraq. Chinese Communists under Mao De Tong. C by Chinese. New York City in North Atlantic.

Vostoc 6 on 16 June South Pole. S Congress in Washington D. C is on Capitol Hill. November 2, From they were held every four years. C stands for Very large crude carrier. It helps rural development by providing re-finance facility. OECD has 30 members and doesnot include China.

President of Mongolia is Tsakhiagin Elbegdorj. VAT: Value-added Tax Director General of Int. Dal Lake is in occupied Kashmir. President of France is Nicolas Sarkozy.

Mother Tressa belonged to Albania and came to India in

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They natural defenses in advance. Meningococcal Meningitis. It can accelerate from marine animal. Frog and toads. But he has to rest after about 20 seconds. It the fastest fish. The sunlight and air are important for the growth of plants. Egg-tadpole-adult frog. Mediterranean type of climate. Gastro-intestinal disorder. Physics and Chemistry? The Norwegian Nobel Committee.

Literature in In what year was he born? Alfred Nobel’s secretary. Where did he die? Remo, Italy. International Committee of the Red Cross. For this engineers cast steel rods into the concrete. This is called reinforced concrete. Other bicarbonate of soda halogens are fluorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. In this the electrodes temperature. The atom is therefore electrically neutral. So if you double the voltage, you double the current.

It has 9 zeroes. Similarly a trillion the blood. We call this energy the voltage of the circuit. Voltage is measured in volts v. He discovered that they G. They are used to neutrons are themselves made of still smaller particles called kill cancers.

These are used in single, pure color. Manometer components for making timers. Its source is always a vibrating material. A etiology is the study of causes of disease. Barney B. Eckert and J. S Lenormand in Eastman in He belonged to France.

J Baird belonged to Germany. Thomson Lesseps in Jonas Curie in Priestly in J Thomson in James Watson discovered the structure of DNA in Farraday in Anderson—Discovered positive electrons. Shockley discovered transistor. Bacquerel—Radioactivity of uranium. Baron Napier—Logarithms. Benjamin Franklin—Invented lightning conductor. Bessemer—Steel-smelting process. Bhabha, Dr H. Binet—Intelligence Test. Birbal Sahni—Researches in Botany.

Bose, J. Bose, S. J Thomson discovered electron, negative charges. Bohr—Electron Theory—Atomic structure. Bunsen—Invention of the spectroscope. Chadwick—Discovery of the neutron. Einstein—Theory of relativity. Fermi—Discovered artificial splitting of atoms. James Lindsay. Gay Lussac—Law of gases. Robert Brown.

Good Year—Discovered the art of vulcanising rubber. Austin—Motor Car. Hertz—Electrical waves. Bell, Graham—Telephone. Hippalus—Founder of scientific astronomy. Hoffmann—Discovered the first aniline dye. Kelvin, Lord—Dynamical theory of heat. Khorana, Dr Hargobind—Deciphering the genetic code. Caxton—Printing Press. Kodak—Film and photographic goods. Lablanc—Manufacture of washing soda. Daimler—Gas engine. Lawrence—Invention of cyclotron. Lockyer—Helium gas. Diesel—Internal Combustion engine Diesel engine.

Louis Braille—Perfected his system of reading and writing for the Dunlop—Pneumatic tyre. Edison—First electric bulb and gramophone. Marconi—Wireless telegraphy; radio. Maxwell—Electro-magnetic Theory of Light. Frank Whittle—Jet propulsion.

Meghnad Saha—Effect of pressure on Radiation through bodies. Fulton—Stream boat. Mendel—Laws of heredity. Mandeleev—Periodic Table. Gillette—Safety razor. Morse—Morse system of electric telegraphy. Guttenburg—Art of Printing. Newton—Laws of gravitation; Law of Motion. Hoe—Rotary Printing Press. Howe—Sewing Machine. Oliver Lodge—Physicist. Researches in wireless Huygens—Pendulum clock. James Watt—Steam engine patented in Oppenheimer—Researches in atomic theory.

Landstrom, J. Otto Hahn—Discovery of uranium fission. Macmillan—Bicycle Mauser—Magazine of rifle. Parsons—Steam turbine. Mercator—Celestial and a terrestrial globe. Pavlov—Theory of Conditioned Reflex. Pascal—Calculating Machine. Pitman—Founded the Pitman system of phonographic shorthand. Puckle, James—Machine gun Planck—Quantum theory. Plimsoll—Introduced a line of demarcation on the ships beyond Sholes—Typewriter. Stephenson—Railway engine.

Priestley—Discovery of Oxygen. Swinton—Military tank. Raman, C. Watt, Robert Watson—Radar. Ramanathan—Molecular scattering of light in fluids. Wright Wright Brothers —Aeroplane Ramanujam—A great Indian mathematician.

Waterman—Fountain pen. Helium etc. Ray, P. Pioneers in Medical Inventions and Discoveries Regnault—Experiments in regard to the physical properties of bodies and their relation to heat. Banting—Insulin as a palliative for diabetes. Roger Bacon—Gun powder. Barnard, Christian—Replacing the human heart.

Rontgen—Discovery of X-rays. Brahmchari, U. Rohmkorff—Induction coil. Davy—Isolation of metals by electricity; studied properties of Rutherford—Atomic Research; succeeded in splitting the atom chlorine. Domagk—Sulpha drugs as bactericides.

Eijkman—Cause of Beri-Beri. Stephenson—British engineer and pioneer in Railways. He was Finsen—Discovered curative effect of ultra violet rays; the first to put a locomotive on the line that was able to draw a photography.

Fleming, Alexander—Penicillin in Thomson, J. Harvey—Circulation of blood. Travers—Discovery of Neon gas Working with Ramsay. Hahnemann—Homoeopathy founder. Urey—Discovery of Heavy Hydrogen. Hopkins, Frederick Gowland—Vitamin D. Volta—Current electricity and electric battery.

Jenner—Smallpox Vaccination. Koch—Tubercle Bacillus. Lister, Lord—Antiseptic treatment. Pasteur, Louis—Treatment of rabies; cure of hydrophobia. Salk, Jonas E. Simpson and Harrison—Chloroform. Audiometer: an instrument to measure intensity of sound. Calorimeter: an instrument used for measuring quantities of G. Kymograph: is an instrument used to record graphically Carburettor: is an apparatus for charging air with petrol various physiological movements i.

Cardiogram: a medical instrument used for tracing the Lactometer: is an apparatus used for measuring the purity of movements of the heart. Cardiograph: is a medical instrument for tracing heart Manometer: for determining the pressure of a gas. The needle always points north south. Micrometer: is an instrument used for converting sound i. The lens Microphone: is an instrument used for converting sound waves system, which forms the image on the screen, is termed the into electrical vibrations.

Microscope: is an instrument, which is used for magnifying Commutator: split ring, which forms the main part of a D. Microtome: is used for cutting an object into thin parts for Compass needle: for knowing approximately the North-South microscopic inspection.

Odometer: is an instrument by virtue of which the distance Crescograph: is an instrument for use in recording growth of covered by wheeled vehicles is recorded.

It also enables the sailors to observe and the horizontal component at a place. This particular angle is objects on the other side of an obstacle without exposing known as the dip of that place. Phonograph: is an instrument used for reproducing sound. Dynamo: The origin of electricity in a Dynamo is the Photometer: is an apparatus used to compare the illuminating transformation of mechanical energy into electrical energy.

It power of two sources of light. Electroencephalograph EEG : It is the technique of recording Potentiometer: is used for comparing the e. Records of measurements of the thermal e. It is also used for measuring low resistances. EEG is the common abbreviation for humidity of the atmosphere. Pyrometer: is an instrument for recording high temperatures Epidiascope: for projecting films as well as images of opaque from a great distance i.

Eudiometer: It is a glass tube for measuring volume changes in Radar: Radio, Angle, Detection And Range are used to detect chemical reactions between gases.

Rain Gauge: is an apparatus for recording of rainfall at a Galvanometer: an instrument for measuring currents of small particular place. Radiometer: is an instrument for measuring the emission of G. Counter Geiger Muller Counter : This special device is radiant energy. Saccharimeter: is an instrument for determining the amount of Gramophone: an instrument with which we can reproduce the sugar in a solution.

It is used in breweries. It is fitted Seismometer or Seismograph: is an instrument used for with a special type of apparatus known as sound box invented recording earthquake shocks. Sextant: is an instrument invented by John Hadley used for Gravimeter: is an instrument for recording measurement under measuring the altitude of the sun and of other inaccessible water and to determine the presence of oil deposits under heavenly bodies.

Spectrometer: 1 It is a type of spectroscope suitable for the Gyroscope: is an instrument used to illustrate dynamics of precise measurements of refractive indices. It is a type of spinning wheel fixed to the axle. Speedometer: is an instrument, which indicates speed at which Hydrophone: is an instrument used for recording sound under a vehicle is moving.

Spherometer: is an instrument for measuring curvature of Hygrometer: is an instrument used for measuring humidity in surfaces. Sphygmomanometer: an instrument used for measuring G. They use smaller beat makes a sound. There are patches of color pulsations become visible. They built lensed camera is viewed in solid relief. Viscometer: is an instrument to measure viscosity. Basic G. Gujarat State.

These can be distinguished from other soils by oxygen and silicon. The correct order of their abundance is their acidity. These are rainy tropical forests. It is situated in straight line. The tide on its maximum height is known as Spring Ecuador. It is the largest climate event of the 20th Aluminum century setting off more global disasters than ever before. Earthworms provide nitrogenous wastes.

Atlas Mountains are in convection Morocco. North America. First ascent made on July 31, First ascent was made on July 3, Aral is an inland sea. It pours into Black sea. Afghanistan and Tajikistan.

It is the largest river of central Asia. Ocean with Gulf of Mexico. It is longest strait in the world. It is in Brazil. It Mozambique and Madagascar. America is most polluted lake in the world. Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal on 26th July Pacific Ocean. Egypt in It remains closed after Arab Israel War. Caspian Sea. Helena is in Atlantic Ocean. Bay of Bengal. Bangladesh 9.

Europe to India. Blair US made the first solo flight over the Arctic. Sir westerlies. Wilkins Australian flew over the South Pole. It By Area was demarcated in It was 2. Canada demarcated in by Sir Cyril Radcliff. USA and the South Vietnam. It is frontier between 6. Australia Pakistan and India. Argentina Korea. Sudan USA. China ship the upper limit to which a ship may be legally loaded. Afghanistan demarcated in German border form Switzerland to Belgium.

Isthmus built by Finland against the Soviet Union. It is the stock India is the largest exporter of cardamom in the world. It is regarded as biggest street in the world. This street is also International Date Line entails repeating one day when called the Crookedest Street.

It is the financial centre in San travelling westwards. It was built in It is exporitng industry. It is knwn as Granite City. Darwin toured for five years. It covers about 3. Guiseppe Piazzi in He spent days in orbit in the Mir Comet Space Station. Space Station. His tomb is in the city of Kasur. In A. Tarrin, Ghori wins.

Hume in Shah Rangila The Moughal Emperor. Indian Revolt. Rober Clive. Ahmed Sirhandi is known as Majaddid Alf Sani. Shah Waliullah died in Farazi Tehriz meant to pay more attention on Qasim Nativi. Nadvat-ul-Ulema was founded in and Maulvi fundamental of Islam.

Abdul Ghafoor was its founder. Governor General Lord Lyton. Hindu Bengal in July by Lord Curzon. Bengal was Dacca and that of Hindu Bengal was Calcutta. George-V and Queen Marry. Nov: and was presided over by Molvi Fazal Haq of Bengl. Its headquarter was at Bombay. Conference in Decca with the proposal of Nawab Salimullah. Tahreek Khilafat. Upto Muslim League. Mohd: Ali Johar participated in it, Congress was session of , became permanent president of ML in Gandhi Indian killed by the English on 13th April Jullianwala bagh slaughter Movement in after Lucknew pact.

Juley and Seth Chuttani became its first president. Check Afridi begum G. Mukadas Jerusalem. Finance Minister. Mandal was the non-Muslim member who became a Persian Philosophy. Pak: firstly on June 26, Fazal-al-Qaq of Bengal. Quaid presided the session. Wazir Hassan. Before that she was Parsi. She died on 20th Independence Bill. Feb: and was buried in Aram Bagh Bombay. Cunet Iteley.

Check it. August in front of Raza Shah Pahlavi of Iran. July 26, to India between Oct. Azam and Liaquat Ali Khan? July Rear Admiral James Wilfred 4, Parry Cane and 15th August ? Broadcasting Service” at the time of creation of Pakistan? NWFP partition of India in ? What was it about? Events from 2nd to changing the name of West Punjab to Punjab?

General of Pakistan? July 10, What was its title? Ghulam Muhammad UN? Paul H. Ealing that the title of “Quaid-e-Azam” be used for Jinnah in official assumed charge on 23rd September, correspondence? Burma G.

M of Sindh: Mr. Prime Minister in its very first cabinet after partition? Liaquat Ali Khan took over this portfolio. October Was buried in Karachi near Quaid. Ghulam Mohammad dissolved constituent assembly. H Thursday. August August 13, Karachi was signed in A Bhutto served as F. She was born on 1st August Sikandar Mirza 17th August to 16th Oct: Ahmed Gormani and first CM was Dr.

Khan Sahib In Abdul Salam awarded Nobel Prize in Physics in Zia lifted Martial Law on 30th December Khan F. Article of consititution. V station was setup at Lahore on Nov: 26, Shahida Malik. Lance Down Pull built in Pakistan was Dwight D. India got Ravi, Sutlaj. Sindh Sagar Doab. Rawalpindi for first time in Northern Mountains, 2. Baluchistan Plateau, 4. Lower Indus Plain, 6. Thar desert. Sulaiman and Salt Range. Constructinos Doxiades of Greek. Hoshiyarpur East Punjab. Nalwa in Ghulam Mohd:.

Wright Mills. Ghouri and served as Governor of Multan. Akbar in A. Bengal and East Indian Company. Government of Akbar the Great. Okay Vmya hard drive- -“re-formatted and nstaledwthWorhbt’ Suppiea with all cabes and instruc- tions.

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Strip Poiw, Dangs’ McuM. UrdUn Ate Alac. Providing, that is, you can get through. You see, she helps us to operate more modems per customer than other Internet Service Providers – which means you should never hear the engaged tone. Our huge web cache in Bracknell [which is packed with all the most popular sites and gomes also means you donl end up trying to connect to the same server at the same time as six million other surfers. You’ll also always be able to get through to our helpline if you get stuck, as our technical support staff are here 24 hours a day, days a year.

Karen and her modems also save you money. Because they’re the fastest available, youMI spend less time on-line downloading files and so have smaller phone bills. London SW7 3BR. If you think you’re a bit handy with 3D graphics you could do worse than to give it a shot Even though these cutting edge effects are often there to bolster weak plots or gloss over wooden acting, the fact that they can make such a difference to a production just goes to show how important the whole computer graphics thing has become in the movie and TV business.

Since Tron amazed us all those years ago with its surreal computer animated scenes, techniques and tools have advanced to such a degree that now we’re never quite sure what is real and what is a bunch of cleverly arranged pixels. Only a few years ago computer graphics in movies were limited to simu- lations of simple machines; spaceships, robots, anything except real life animate objects or creatures.

All that’s changed now of course. Maybe you’d like to get in on the action yourself? There’s no reason why you shouldn’t if you’ve got the necessary skills and talent. Suggested systems You’ve probably already got all it takes to script, model, render and record your first video show reel, even if you don’t know it. One of the Amiga’s most useful aspects is its video output. Newer Amigas have a colour composite video output and all Amigas have a higher quality RGB video out to connect to a video recorder.

This means you can record animations to video from any Amiga. Utilities Such as Viewtek can play anima- tions direct from a hard drive, so you don’t need a lot of RAM but it helps. Both suggested systems below will be able to output large 3D animations to video tape. T If you want to earn a living from 3D computer graphics, you should have fig- ured this one out already.

Your Amiga is of course an ideal tool on which to cut your rendering teeth. Using last month’s Imagine 4,0 cover disk give away com- plete with FPU version, we wouldn’t hold you back with only an integer version you can emulate just about anything you’ll see on the silver screen, even if you would need a fair bit of RAM and prafei ably a digital video hard disk editing sys- tem to pump out full video resolution sequences in realtime not such a pipe dream in fact.

Imagine 4. While we can’t claim Imagine is an industry standard with the movie business, it’s the ideal sys- tem with which to learn the ropes and craft jaw-dropping showreels to present to the big players in Hollywood and other leading production companies. Even the power of lesser Amiga set-ups can be harnessed to produce sequences that are sufficient to show off your talents, If you’re trying to get a foot in the door of a computer animation production company, it’s the underlying techniques and skills you should be displaying rather than the hardware you used to make your showreel.

See the ‘Suggested systems’ box on page 29 for some exam- ple set-ups. Think about it: how many names do you see scrolling up the screen during the closing credits of an average movie? Lots, because no one person can be expected to be an expert in acting, storyboarding, directing, producing, make up, wardrobe, photography, editing, sound recording, scripting, catering However, all of these skills and more are required to put together a major league movie, and if the computer generated sequences are to fit seemlessly with the live footage, they too must be planned and “filmed’ according to the same set of cine- matic ‘rules’.

To this end, it’s worth trying to apply many of these traditional movie mak- ing techniques to your own sequences.

Even so, if you were ‘ be taken on board such a production com- pany, it would probably be your modelling and animating skills that would be of inter- J est. Specific direction of the 3D sequences, including its photography, would not ciecessarily be your concern, but! The right skills Modelling and character animation are the I two main skills to acquire and display. Unlike 3D work for games, which forces the use of very few polygons and simplis- tic structures in a game everything must be re- rendered up to 50 times every sec- ond , 3D modelling for TV and the movies gives you more freedom to develop your objects with finer details, both in terms of I the underlying wireframe mesh, and the textures and bump maps that adorn tN FEATURE Building up a complex animated model from scratch can be a daunting prospect for the beginner.

It’s not easy and neither is it something you’re likely to pick up overnight. It can be tempting to take a nice big object from a CD-ROM and just use that in your own animations, but if you can’t model your own then you’re not going to have much to offer any prospec- tive employer.

Anyone can load an object, :ion it and hit the render button. However, if you want an insight into how models are built, then examining and modifying existing objects is a good place to start. It’s worth taking time and testing your- self to see if you can really cut when it comes to making highly realistic models. It might be a painful process, especially if your Amiga is on the slow side, but there’s no point presenting anyone with a bunch of half baked characters and objects that have visible seams, stray polygons and edges that don’t match up.

It would be better to fine tune a couple of really impressive pieces that are more likely to eopleto take notice. Rich in texture Good texturing can make the difference between an object that looks like a- bit of computer graphics and something that’s totally convincing.

Procedural textures are great and can be perfect for some jobs, especially for very large scale renders of organic objects, but don’t forget brush maps though. The main problem with using brtish maps is that they pixelate when viewed too close up. If you’re working on a showreel project to go onto VHS video you should be able to work around these problems.

Make sure the camera doesn’t get too close or view it from the side Brush maps are just as useful for those big showcase objects too. Remember that you can make your own brush maps from scratch, modify existing images or even render procedural textures to surfaces and then enhance them from within a paint package or image proces- sor, to be re-applied to an object within your 3D software.

Realistic animation The third and possibly most important skill is animating your objects. This does- n’t mean putting an object in a scene and setting a path for the camera to zoom around as it tracks the central object. This is real animation, in which the various fea- tures of the object move realistically, with convincing inertia, speed, interplay with each other and a natural fluidity. Depending on whether you’re animat- ing fictional cartoon type characters or going for convincing monsters or even humans , you’ll need to use different ani- mation styles.

For cartoons, get some books from the library that explain the concepts of bendy, stretchy animation. For real life creatures you’re best off examining filmed footage of the real things, or at best close relatives you might want to study lizards for example in preparation for a dinosaur animation. If you’re really confident you could have a crack at modelling and animating a human. Now that’s a challenge and a half. Beware though, if you can’t pull it off, don’t expect people to tell you “it’s good, considering Originality When you’re starting out, mimicking those at the top of the trade is a natural thing to do, and can be a valuable part of learning the ropes.

However, it’s original ideas that witl get you noticed. Look at it from a prospective employer’s point of vie. If they get a showreel through the post and it apes all the effects and tricks seen in their latest production or uses the flavour of the month theme, why should they be interested in you?

They could do that themselves. If you can impress them with a trick or an effect they’ve not seen before, or do something much better than it’s been done before you’ll get their attention and immediately command some respect. Spinning corporate logos probably won’t raise many eyebrows. Any render- ing system worth its salt can import a font, Texture it. Above all, stick with it and if you really are sure this is what you want to do, you’ll probably get there in the end.

Thanks to Jeff Ranasinghe and Pure Artwork for their help with this feature. Even when someone is actively recruiting new staff, the chances are that they will not have much spare time to spend to look through applicants’ work. Make it easy for them. VHS video tape is the best way to present a showreel. Don’t string out your showreel with long credits and intro- ductions that fade up and down over the course of a few minutes.

Cut ail that out. Render your showreel to full screen size if you have the time, CPU power and memory. VHS won’t make perfect copies of your animations, so using HAM or HAM-8 screen modes will be fine, and allow for a high output frame rate and good colour depth. Colour print- outs of your work should also accompany your showreel and covering let- ter. Remember to put your name, address, phone number and any Email details on everything you submit.

And Micro prose make a welcome return to the Amiga. What about its much better sequel K? I loved those games, but we haven’t seen anything as good on the Amiga for ages now. However, thai may all change as Dave Kirk of Apex Systems has just shown me a very early demo of his new game in development. Alien Presence: Dawn of the Sixth Sun DOSSV Even at this stage DOSS looks like the game that will take over from where its pre- decessors left off, The main aim of the game just like Utopia and K is tor you to build, expand and explore the far reaches of space and for your intrepid colony to develop on one of planets across more than 20 star sys- tems.

With that in mind you must be successful in co-ordinating your resources by building structures, giving your people suitable employ- ment, defending yourself against alien onslaughts and tracking astronomical events like comets, meteors, and worm- holes, just like the ones found in TV’s Babylon 5! Most of all the hard stuff is being done by I Dave himself, but- it wiil probably be a while before we see it ‘in its final form’,, as it’s a long way off from completion It looks like DOSS could well give Amiga games players what they want, as this is possibly their most ambitious project yet.

CU Amiga Magazine will definitely find out more over the next few months when we shall uncover the rest in a full review as soon as possible. Vulcan Software, the company infamous for catering for 1Mb Amigas are choosing to see in by releasing a game that is AGA only and needs of minimum of 6Mb tp run. It’s a refreshing change and a welcome one and hope- fully will prove exactly what Vulcan are capable of, A owners don’t despair though, Vulcan are not abandoning you just yet, it’s just that their latest game.

Burnout looks like it is going to be very high spec. A futuristic car racing game it promises lot of fast paced action as well as multi- player delights.

Burnout looks good, graphically, so far. Can they do it again? Oookfng back, it would seem as though -as well as becoming a classic in its own life- time – Lemmings has done as much fOT the world of games as any other puzzler you can think of ier And that’s it!

Though it’s always hard to cescibe exactly what sort of a cane Lemmings was no simple beat ’em up or RPG-like monikers can easily be attached the key ele- ment was the fact that you were no longer controlling the main character or characters on the screen but rather the environment in which they lived. Sure, you ‘kind-of controlled the little lems, but you weren’t doing it in the tra- ditional ‘move joystick left to make ttiem go left’ way If anything, you’d have to refer to Lemmings, and subsequent copies such as Troddlers, as protect ’em-ups sim- ply because the purpose in each game always seemed to revolved around getting a set number of somethings to a particular safe area on the screen.

Psygnosis themselves followed Lemmings with Benefactor, a sort of cross between Lemmings and a Lode ftanner-esque platform game, and now he said, conve- niently forgetting about a thousand other copies and linking weakly wefind ourselves once more at the doors to the ever- mventive Vulcan Software, ready to forget characters that say annoying things like “it’s in my pocket” and instead welcome the Bograts – the new Lemmings! Bogroll Unlike Lemmings, you do have a physical character on-fecreen in Boy rats; taking on the role of Mummy Bograt; charged with pro- tecting her two offspring and yes.

Now you might think this is a good, longevity-enhancing feature, or a right nightmare. I’m not sure, but it certainly adds an element of danger to the proceedings! Bog nuts jin again Whereas most puzzle games will let you make as many mistakes as you like, Bograts is actually quite harsh as you can only leave a messed up level to return to the very beginning or to one of five saved game positions.

However, though you may think that sounds OK, you have to earn the right to save games by collecting twenty hearts left around the platforms. This means that you’re constantly And that’s your lot! It costs E13, should last you quite a while and is actually quite a well-thought out little game.

The graphics aren’t particularly conducive to good visi- bility with the Vulcan trademark brown and grey giving it the large one throughout! IM graphics urn soiirid testability A15DB payability..

Too right you did mate. You saw lots of different coloured ones in this excellent Tetris clone. Oetris fans – ail your birthdays have come at once. And even if you’re not a Tetris fan you will be one after a few bouts of this game. Mlnskies Furballs is one excellent Tetris clone. Each time you do this you send a fish symbol or little grey blocks down on your opponent’s side mucking up their arrangements so they’ve got to get rid of them.

As well as grouping your blocks together you’ve got a vari- ety of weapons at your disposal. There are three offensive weapons and three defensive ones. Weapons begin with the bomb and then go on to items such as phaser. To select one just push up and fire, Getting rid of the grey blocks is the main way to get any weapons and it will flash up on screen which one you’ve currently got.

Bombs are handy for getting yourself out of trouble and freeing up some space. I am disappointed though, that there isn’t a way to send a bomb over to your opponent so you could mess up their game. That gripe aside, control is easy enough, press down on the joystick to speed up the blocks, up to select weapons and left and right to move the blocks around.

Likewise on the keyboard use left and cursor keys to move either way, right Amiga and right alt to rotate the blocks, Some of the weapon selection is also a bit hit and miss though, When you select a bomb it’s quite straightforward – target appears and you get a countdown of five to select the part you want to obliterate.

The phaser weapon, which blitzes in straight lines, is harder to find. It seems to be slightly off screen so a bit of guess work is needed here. A bit of a character There are eleven tables in all to complete and each table has its own figurehead, This doesn’t real- ly affect the game much but adds a bit of variety to the levels. The one with the three bears is a bit strange and off putting as the little picture of the bears keeps zoom- ing in and out for some unex- plained reason.

This is a bit hard of the eyes. The avalanche weapon that your opponent sends your way every now and then doesn’t help your eyesight either as it shakes the screen around vigorously for 3 few minutes.

In addition, on sonrwj levels, the background graphics blurs in a bit too much with the blocks. As well as being a bit of a novelty you can also rack up some handy extra points here. If Lady Luck is with you, you can accrue some welcome goodies: three lemons gets you two continues, three grapes 4, points and three bananas 20 coins. Press fire on the joystick or right Amiga on the keyboard to play.

You can skip it altogether if you wish by pressing Right alt. Buy why miss, out on these lovely extra fruity points? Other ways to score extra points are the number of connec- tions you’ve made in any one go and how many blocks you used up in each game.

In two-player mode, confusingly called mul- tiplier, however, you only have one table to play on. There’s a choice of three, five and nine bouts and you can also alter each player’s skill level. The two-player game is a bit tricky as the the skill level for play- er two seems stuck at ultra fast mode, However, Andrew Jollie from Binary Emotions said that this problem will be corrected by the time of press.

Totally addictive Minskies is totally addictive and great fun to play. But there is enough of a decent game in there to make you want to go back to it time and time again. I love it. This is almost identical to the AG A version and oQly suffers a slight loss of quality in the graphics depart- ment. Once the two-player mode is sorted it’ll be a worthy purchase indeed.

Instability payability , ,. Not in this game, they’re not. Oittle Tommy Tucker, the mild mannered tomato is happily veging out in front of the TV when his tranquil world is rocked by one phone call. His mate, the Big Cheese phones him with some shocking and dis- turbing news; aliens have invaded and transformed their universe into one of mayhem.

Tommy enraged by this news, vows to rid the world of these pests and sets off to blow the troublemakers away. To stop yourself from turning into tomato SOup, position the cursor over your intended victim and keep firing. You’ve also got some bombs at your disposal for a little bit of extra backup. Just press shift and L to let rip. And remember to keep your ammuni- tion and health levels topped up by freeing your friends, the little heart- shaped creatures trapped in super- market trolleys.

Another planet There are four worlds, supermarket city, paradise island, fairground attractions, the sky fortress to get through before you reach space mountain where the aliens that caused all the trouble in the first place are. Tommy Gun is linear so you’ve got to complete each world before moving onto the next.

Luckily, there is a password sys- tem, so you don’t have to go through any previously completed levels. In a nutshell, for each world, there’s the same recurring theme: you scroll by lots of nasties and try to kill or be killed before you reach the final end of level boss.

The only difference between each level is the sprites and the backdrops are different. For example, in the supermarket level you’ve got things like crazy carrots and gung-ho gerkins to con- tend with against a scrolling backdrop of stocked shelves, fridge freezers and the like. While in the fairground attractions set up, the carrots and backdrop are swopped for ghoul- ish clowns, crazy ghost trains and all manner of fairground sundries.

Too easy It all sounds cutesy and fun so far doesn’t it? Well, it is but Tommy Gun is just too easy. You can whizz through the five worlds in one sit- ting. There isn’t enough in the game though to make you want it to go back to it. I found it incredi- bly easy to complete and when you do finish the game you receive a special cheat mode for infinite lives and ammunition which, to be honest, would make the game last about five minutes.

The end of level bosses are laughable, who could take a huge clown or giant lemon firing ice-pops at you. A few lobbed grenades fin- ished them off within seconds.

I did get some enjoyment out of TG. However, it was too easy in some places and stupidly hard in others, so there was no way to plan any strategy. I also didn’t like the lack of a difficulty curve, it real ly could have done with getting more and more difficult as you progressed through.

Also, in two- player mode, the scrolling nature of the game made it too restricted so you tend to get in each other’s way, Not good. Tommy Gun would probably suit younger players as it is quite cute. I find it bizarre that the game is dedicated to someone who died in service. Maybe it’s some kind of statement about the futility of war.

If the levels were a bit harder and more varied then TG wouldn’t be a bad Nttle game as it stands it is too easy to last for more than couple of hours of enjoyment. BO 1 Aizoe sound S” Diiks «-. OO 2DD 1. S ,iU7. I I J jllkt 5pl iltari. El- 1 1 1 lla-pikr. OOjI ilnrtlll if ii. Hl M M Mb W Mb , How and many otheri. O hough our good old chum the Amiga has always had the advantage over con- soles such as the SNES and Mega drive as far as churning out great strategy romps, RPGs and adventure games goes, it’s never really been a machine that’s got completely to grips with the genre of the mighty beat ’em up.

Shadow Fighter was perhaps one of the more memo- rable recerrt ishl attempts, while the Mortal Kombat titles remain about the closest thing to an Amiga beat ’em up ‘legend’ we’ve had. A Kenla sticks IhE hnol in before Yuri gets. Don’t give up Of course, that’s not to say that various Amiga games makers haven’t tried – goodness no – but though many technological break- throughs have been achieved on the Commodore machine, finding a way of shifting Street Fighter- like sprites around at a half- decent speed with a half-decent appearance has always alluded Should you want to get hold of a copy of Fighting Spirit, you’ll have to get in touch with Neo Software Productions, Gmbh, Business Park, Vienna — Bauteil D1 Wienerbergstr.

However, all is not lost, as. OO Monday to Friday. Simplicity Yes the non AGA version is here, coasting less presentational goodies and loading in at one disk lighter but remaining thank- fully similar. You still have your ten main characters to chose from, each bristling with special moves and vari- ous attack styles, accompanied by their various attrac- tive backgrounds and animations.

However, seeing as how it’s identical to the AGA game albeit with a merciful lack of the disk swopping those of us NOT installing had to endure! Sadly, as always seems to be the case, the like of Fighting Spirit will never come anywhere near troubling the best console beat ’em up of the world, but it’s certainly one of the better offer ings violent Amiga owners have had over the last twelve months.

Ttw K I. Hires Lue«J!. Alliu InkTjfUir Support i, in-. Mechanu i Diiipk’y Artiiii i. L’ fdrt! L is visible, no orradiuaioii lie Itere. We’ve seen prototypes and promises, but that’s about it Perhaps, some can wait for the final outcome, but if you need more performance, without paying the earth – and you need it today – theres one real alternative to consider now.

Even I’liLn. Internet web pages. Because M. Afterlife, Lost Eden. THE I ll’. T’II Why Maciittoeh! There ari. Apple Mattel ajitiy rams. Here are four games they are currently re-releasing at knockdown prices. You must guide your band of merry men through a series of hair-raising missions which can range from assas- ination through to rescue or sabotage. You’ve got sixteen missions to complete and your strategy is up to you: vou can select your team either on the basis of each man’s stats or how well he does in actual battle.

Overall, it’s an engaging game with functional graphics and an OK control system, however the missions tend to become tedious after as while and the game is a bit on the slow side. It’s also too easy to get wiped out by one enemy soldier. You might be better off waiting for Fields of Glory which is due for a re-release soon.

There’s lots of fun to be had with this game. As well as equipping your base and engaging in a bit of one on One with the enemy you get to carry out scientific experiments for the purpose of research on the remaining corpses. In all, UFO is a great game and though it can be a bit slow during loading time it is still one of the classics and if you haven’t got it already you can’t afford not to get it at this price. In reality, it was completely different.

However, though not as good, perhaps, as Civilization, Colonization still held its own. The aim is to lead your country across the seas where you accrue land trading with other civilizations to build up your position. Once you’ve established a degree of affluency and self sufficiency then it’s up to go it alone and look after your own people, t still prefer the war aspect in Civilization but Colonization is a worthwhile game and worth checking out at this price.

Impossible Mission was originally an arcade puzzle game where the aim was to infiltrate evil scientist Elvin At ombe Oder’s security headquarters and prevent him from blowing up the world.

You had to race against time, pick- ing up useful items along the way and trying to avoid beserk robot inhabitants. IMP improved upon the orig- inal in terms of sound and graphics but the game still remains the same and is very easy to get through. The original 8-bit classic is included here as well. What a barg! OPUS 4. Hz e» WWW e89»? Ba:k Tools Deluxe are rack she.

Even Fax directly from vcjun application. M Win Womtttjui 5S5s95!. Archer Maclean. Name; Archer Maclean. Age: Born: Sayton on Sea. Occupation: Long standing programmer. CU: How did you first get into writing games? AM; “Long story. Twenty years ago I used to build and program my own machines. How do you rate current games of this type? AM: “No but I was confident. It just kept selling and selling. You can still buy it now.

However, I’m still having trouble getting money for it. AM: “Publishers at the time didn’t want it. Pity they were so short, sighted. A ffliQ could t m Forge! Archer MldetiTs PddIT Here are SDfllt screeiuhnft fir Did lime’s sake Publishers are now more reluctant to back an untested game idea, when they know a lesser commercial risk will be to enhance an older tried ‘n r tested formula. AM: “Hmmm. It’s probably gone back- wards because lots of technically nice games are the norm today where game- play has been forgotten.

I think good games have to be easy to pick up but hard to master. They must not require pages of manual. The control method should be totally thought out, with imme- diate sonic or visual feedback, with m game help screens if required, The player should never be left wondering what to do or what’s he done wrong, and the game environment must have no holes” CU: How do you see the Amiga games industry evolving over the next few years?

AM: “Struggling on, unfortunately. It really depends on how good the market is supported in hardware and software. AM: “I would like to go back to it because I really enjoyed it so much, but probably not – things have moved on a bit” CU: What kind of lasting impres- sion has the Amiga meant to you as a programmer? AM; “Nice hardware, accessible from a programming point of view. Ordinary people could buy it, get into it and learn how to program, it.

That’s where many of today’s people came from. At present, this entry point doesn’t exist. I mean, PCs cost loads and are a real total nasty pain to program. Windows ’95 is not so hot and prevents you from accessing all that hardware. So where are the next batch of programmers going to come from? Leicetierilnre, l. Kalfittiweirdscieiice, eu. Waif, I’ll’. SuundStudin Hms mired.

With Uihaloui. The games can be played from fhif tuptrb or. With slit new lov price all itstr-. A bit of Spanish sunshine there for no reason whatsoever. And non forgetimo, there’s a free Hit Squad game to any printed tipsters.

Esta oompletemente babido! Simply press escape with the game paused and you engage Sudden Death mode which the manual says is PC -only as well as make the game a draw, replay the game, and quit.

This cheat can be very useful if you’re in a bit of a rush as, instead of setting a timer for each round, you can simply allow as much time as you want, and then take it into Sudden Death mode. However, this cheat only seems to work for the Warlord, Prince, King and Emperor games but not the chieftain.

If you’ve built two or three cities with the power of four or more, and have opened a fair amount of land space around you, save the game to an empty disk and take note of whether it’s ‘civilO. DO NOT do this on your hard drive, use a spare floppy. Save your fife back out to flop- py and the next time you load your save file you should have an amazing 30, credits.

Now buy everything for your cities as fast as you can to gain the advantage over your enemies and reduce your taxes to zero to get techni- cal advances much quicker. Once you’ve gained confi- dence using this cheat you can use it on older saved games that you may have abandoned in frustration. Another tip is to keep going until you are able to buy diplomats, then use these to buy opposing armies or incite entire cities to revolt and come over to your side.

This makes the game less frustrating and much more satisfying. Right go to any planet with a docking station and buy one tonne of rubbish. By clicking here the on-board computer thinks you’re jettisoning water when in fact you aren’t jettisoning anything at all!

As a result, your ship gets loads of extra cargo space and, when used with the various other Frontier cheats, allows you to arm up with Large Plasma Accelerators and thousands of Shield Generators – making you virtually indestructible. The read- I out for your current cargo hold will go up the spout, but hey, who cares! Indeed, that’s all you’re get- ting this month, but thanks as always to those of you have been sending in all your corking cheats – keep it up?

And don’t forget, there’s a free Hit Squad game for every tipster who gets their cheat printed, so let me know what machine you have end what game you might like. Until next month Or would you like to feast your eyes on much more of me than this tiny picture?

KGB I am stuck in the stuffy room with the man in denim, I have tried to use the tap to set off the alarms but I keep getting killed. Help me, I’m so sick of being cooped up in this room.

Your kinky KGB Agent! Kinky or not it would haw been ktipful if you had at least told me what chapter you are referring to! Let’s guess that we are in chapter two, the room you are talking about is the hotel room and the man is Chapttiii.

When you are talking to him in the bathroom use a dialogue option thai contains a word which activates the tape recorder When the tape starts it wilt distract the bad guy for enough time for you to slug him.

Take the syringe in his pocket and inject htm with the contents. Monkey Island I am stuck in part one of Monkey Island, I’ve made it past the poo- dles and into the mansion. I’ve been shot out of the cannon, had a sword lesson and talked with foe prisoner.

I don’t know what I should do now? S Cfiesterman. Winsford Adventure Helpline The key to your predicament is the prisoner in the cell. Give him the breath mints ana” ask him if he has a file. Give him the gopher repellent and he’ll give you a piece of cake with a file in it. Take the file to the Governor’s mansion and walk io the gaping hole.

Flashback How do you get through the doors at the centre of the earth? Dreamweb I can kill Dianne Underwood but then I don’t know where to go or what to do. Please give me a helping hand so that I can finish the game? Phillips, Staffs. Once again I’m not getting much help j Yom you lot.

Assuming thai you have gotten past the Boathouse section, walk to Underwood, talk to her and then use the gun. Return to the Dreamweb and talk to the keeper for the latest gossip. Go to the bot- tom left corridor and use the far left corridor. Use the plinth with the key again. Return to the travel screen and go to the ruined church. Walk to the gate, examine it, then use the wire cutters on it. You’re in! Clwyd Then you are a lousy wizard!

You must create the Cat Spell because you need it to get rid of the pesky wizard. In fact you will need to crumble the cat cookie into a bowl of porridge before the wizard will eat it but that’s another story. All I can say, is that you must have all of the ingredients before you start and you must follow the spell directions EXACTLY or it will go wrong and you wilt die.

It isn’t that hard, even I managed to follow the recipe and I can’t boil water without burning it! While Urn talking about this game, let me help out Dale McCarthy who can “tfind the magic wand that you need to create spells. The wund is in the safe and the key- to the safe is on top of the wardrobe in the Wizard’s bedroom. Curse of Enchantia I am stuck in the ice-fields of Enchantia.

I’ve got money, a paperclip, two snowballs, a fish- ing rod and a magnet on a rope. How to I get out of the ice-fields and back to the village? Lovery, Dublin. You poor darting, wandering around in the ice-fields with two snowballs is not a lot of fun is it’. Here is what you must do in the snow world. Pick up plank and go down to the next screen. Throw the plank, pick up the fish and go down to the next screen. Go right, pick up the deodorant, wear the deodorant. Go right and up to the next screen.

Give the fish to the Eskimo and pick up the rod. Go to the screen with block of ice and fight with the fish- ing rod. Pick up the stone. Wander around screens until you get to the Iceman, Pick up the snowballs and fight with the snowballs. Go back to the first screen and find the sleeping sea- lion. Walk over the sea-lion to the other side and shout help.

After exit- ing from the cave, go to the boat, and jump in it. When you are back on the shore, throw the stone and the friendly dragon will give you a lift to the next world. Beneath a Steel Sky I have entered the subway and been devoured by the monster in the wall, I also can’t get past the knight that protects the door when you are connected to the line.

If you search the watt nearby you’ll find a light switch you can use to scare him away. Don’t worry about the crusader knight as you do not have the object you need to get past him just yet.

What you need is the Divine Wrath. OHLY E a. Feast your eyes on this lot. Full review here. Gaining increasing support, we take a first look. Just how does it shape up? Are Digita taking a leaf out of CU’s book? Let’s see. It seems like almost everyone has one nowadays. Software publishers are realising this and are starting to put our favourite programs on CD. What’s on it? No prizes for guessing that the Office pack is based around ver- sion 6 of Wordworth, but there’s a lot more than many people’s favourite word processor on the CD.

Installation of all the-applications was dead easy. No problems whatsoever, even though I installed all the programs onto a Zip cartridge as my hard drive, all one gigabyte of it.

Installing the extra fonts was just, as simple, thanks to the comprehensive instructions supplied in the Wordworth help file and the InstallFonts utility supplied.

The fonts can stay on the CD and be installed for use with Wordworth or better still, can he copied onto your hard drive and used from there, Luckily, the bonus fonts drawer is under 4Mb so it’s convenient to keep them on the hard drive where they’ll always be available to Wordworth. The same couldn’t be said if the fonts were left on CD only because you never know what CD you might want to have in the CD drive when you run Wordworth. I’m sortie.

Dill my petty cash and itll silaitioes.. On the CD of course! You’ll need to import them into Wordworth and print n out or even better, ring up Digita and ask for a manual. All the programs also have on- line help to answer most ques- tions about using the applications, This AmigaGuide based file pops up on the screen of the program you are using, saving you the bother of having to swop between help and the program.

Unlike a drawing program, the bezier curve points don’t, have control points, but line length and shape can be adjusted, sort of. To create shapes, you have polygon and regular polygon tools.

The poiygon tool works by letting you drag out a line and then placing a point on the page by pressing the control key. Un- conventional yes, but it works well enough once you get used to it You cannot however, unlike in Final Writer, edit the points on the polygon. The regular polygon tool is simple enough in that once you have drawn the box, the number of sides can be edited from; the object’s information requester, Another very worthwhile cre- ative addition to Wordworth is watermarks.

The pack almost has the feel of a clos- ing down sale, where existing stock is cleared out at silly prices, We may see a Wordworth 7 but I don’t expect any of the other applications to be upgraded. This may change, because I hear Digita are doing very well with this package so far and they may re-invest some of it in future upgrades. Looking like a f Mo -fax, this is one accessory you won’t be ashamed to be seen with. The program helps you keep track of names and addresses, important events and even has a host of supplements which will provide lots of interesting reading on everything from angling to wine.

Money Matters also has tools like a loan calculator, insurance inventory, currency calculator and even graphs for the visually enlightened. A useful tool for watching those pennies. All Pentium systems consist of the following specifications Information on accessing the Internet with your Amiga is also included. All you need are the right tools for the job. Voice modems, however, are a newer invention.

They combine the data capabilities of a fax modem with a digital answering machine. Again, like faxes, you need dedicated software to make the voice capabilities work. We checked it out, in its embryonic stages, armed with the popular voice modem, the USFt Sportster Vi Trial run AVM is shareware so you can check it out first before deciding to buy it.

And in true aiways- there-to-help-t he-reader style, CU Amiga Magazine has the unregis- tered version on this month’s cover CD.

Getting it on To get started is simple enough. The installer asks whether you have a Voice capable modem and depending on the answer, expands to the modems support- ed. The Rockwell option actually includes a great deal of modems since they are the world’s most prolific manufacturers of the chip-sets used in modems, unfortunately it’s not easy to tell before buying a modem with- out any particular name or brand on it.

UiMiy Like— Press 2 to send a fax now. Or, wait tor the beep. If your modem has fax capability it will probably work with AVM. AVM does what the others do in that it simulates a printer. Normally you would use a word processor and!

After faxing both to our office fax machine, the output quality was identical although AVM’s fax was slightly narrower in dimension, Using a computer to generate a fax produces far better results on the other end than a tradition- al scanning fax machine. Unfortunately it’s not all rosy when it comes to using voice mail. In fact it’s very complicated and the documentation is abysmal. Before going to press. I’d had numerous commu- nications with the Canadian author, Alberto Villarica.

The biggest one was that support for the Sportster Vi was only just imple- mented, which is a significant oversight as other voice modems are rare in the UK.

OK: normally you can listen to them through the speaker on the modem. Mope, you cant do that either unless you want a dial- tone or to unpfug the modem. The Sporster Vi also lets the show down as the external speaker output jack hardly seemed to work even on maxi- mum volume, So it’s either use headphones or plug in some kind of amplified speaker.

This is very annoying and needs to be sorted out. The bottom line is that AVM works as a fax package for sure. It also half works as a voice mail system on the Sportster Vi but there are crippling problems and it takes quite some time to “figure out what’s going on.

Reasonable defaults must be included and the documentation needs to be vastly improved. However, right here and now it’s all that exists and since it’s shareware you’d be a fool not to have a bash at it. It should shape up in the future and we’ll go for a full review then.

I’d recommend the Sportster Vi when it is fully tidfed up and the problems mentioned here are ironed out- despite the silly speaker output. However, as it stands it’s a reasonable voice modem and with a free ‘X2’ 56K upgrade from USR, there’s noth- ing to touch it at the price.

Orvjinjl – Minnie tbe boildfr. Ma hit. WKnM, I. Ml -I. Aieidi mih fatf xlipftA: rrjIiMk. GII« I :. A new Blitz support system is here and it’s superb. Oor the majority of the Blitz Basic fans an update to the popular development system has been a long time coming. Until tow most of us have relied on BUM Blitz User Magazine – stop giggling at the back to fix bugs and add new commands to the language. However, this system leaves a lot to be desired as it crashes regularly and doesn’t have that many frequent releases.

So most of the die-hard fans rely on dedicated Blitz clubs and news groups for things like new com- mand libraries and tools. Guildhall, having seen a gap for a killer update to Blitz, called in the boys from ‘Red When Excited’ – one of the biggest supporters and cre- ators of many Bfiitz extensions – to do the business.

Presumably to save cost everything is document- ed on disk. The Blitz help system, while not brilliant will pop up the appropriate Amiga guide docu- mentation if prompted.

It’s an acceptable solution but it’s not as good as having a printed manual. It’s easy to use though, certain buttons will load example files and iffs for you to view although some of the links are broken. However, the inclusion of updated guide documentation for the origi- nal commands and not just what RWE have worked on is a bonus- Overall BSS excels itself as a must-have gift for any serious Blitz user.

It’s not expensive and worth every penny of the price, especially as you can get a dis- count if you’re a registered Blitz user.

There are a couple of patch- es needed for the BSS system to fix minor problems with the Ted dak and debugger. However, don’t worry we have included them on this month’s CD. HD recommended. Same extensions will require Qe3 4.

Simple to use. I Miikrtefy s»f ert wkie lor hi h ui; , it’s i ; steel it lljis price. Ohe CD32 was a huge success and if it wasn’t for cash flow problems and unnecessary stock dumping, it may have kept Commodore alive. Now things are a little dif- ferent and CD32 software is virtu- ally non-existent.

The good news is that it’s possible to pick up one of the old ‘turnbledriers’ very cheaply indeed. It is still an OS 3. All it needs is a lit- tle extra encouragement to bat with the best A systems.

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