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Windows 10 1703 download iso itasca bankruptcy chapter

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On searching him they found two loaded pistols. These the mate placed close to each ear of the bound man, and fired them off. They next whipped him on the naked back with a rope. His trunk was then examined and several parcels of poison were found.

Another whipping was administered, and this time the shrieks and groans of the victim were piteous. Before he had not even winced. The monster had prepared himself to deal death alike to crew and passengers, and we all felt a great sense of relief when Capt. McKenzie delivered him to the authorities at Mackinaw.

Antique Mackinaw was a French and half-breed town. The houses were built of logs and had steep roofs. Trading posts and whisky shops were well barred. The government fort, neatly built and trim, towered up above the lake on a rocky cliff and overlooked the town, the whole forming a picturesque scene.

We remained but a few hours at Mackinaw. There were ten cabin passengers, and these, with two exceptions, had imbibed freely of the Chicago free liquor. They were also continually gambling. McKenzie had fought a fist fight with a deadhead passenger, Capt. Fox, bruising him badly. What with his violence and profanity, the brutality of the mate and the drunken reveling of crew and passengers, the two sober passengers had but a sorry time, but the safe old brig, badly officered, badly managed, held steadily on its course, and October 30th, fifteen days from Detroit, safely landed us in Chicago.

After being so long on the deck of a tossing vessel, I experienced a strange sensation when first on shore. I had become accustomed to the motion of the vessel, and had managed to hold myself steady. On shore the pitching and tossing movement seemed to continue, only it seemed transferred to my head, [Pg 5] which grew dizzy, and so produced the illusion that I was still trying to balance myself on the unsteady deck of the ship.

After which I chopped wood a few days for Daniel Wells. Not finding suitable employment, I started west with a Mr. Rogers, December 2d. There being no other means of conveyance, we traveled on foot. On the evening of the second we stopped at Prairie Village, now known as Waukesha.

On the evening of the third we stopped at Meacham’s Prairie, and on the fifth reached Rock River, where I stopped with a Mr. The evening following we stopped at an Irish house, where the surroundings did not conduce to comfort or to a feeling of security. Several drunken men kept up a continuous row. We hid our money in a haystack, and took our turn sleeping and keeping watch. We ate an early breakfast, and were glad to get away before the men who had created such a disturbance during the night were up.

We moved onward on the seventh to Blue Mound, where we found a cheerful resting place at Brigham’s. The eighth brought us to Dodgeville, where we stopped at Morrison’s. On the ninth we reached Mineral Point, the locality of the lead mines, where I afterward lost much time in prospecting. Mineral Point was then a rude mining town. The night of our arrival was one of excitement and hilarity in the place. The first legislature of the territory of Wisconsin had been in session at Belmont, near Mineral Point, had organized the new government and closed its session on that day.

To celebrate this event and their emancipation from the government of Michigan and the location of the capital at Madison, the people from the Point, and all the region round about, had met and prepared a banquet for the retiring members of the legislature. Madison was at that time a paper town, in the wilderness, but beautifully located on Cat Fish lake, and at the head of Rock river. The location had been accomplished by legislative tact, and a compromise between the extremes. In view of the almost certain division of the Territory, with the Mississippi river as a [Pg 6] boundary, at no very distant day, it was agreed that Madison should be the permanent capital, while Burlington, now in Iowa, should be used temporarily.

Dubuque put in a claim, but all in vain. Madison was chosen, and wisely, and she has ever since succeeded in maintaining the supremacy then thrust upon her. In my boyhood, at school, I had read of the great Northwest Territory. It seemed to me then far away, at the world’s end, but I had positively told my comrades that I should one day go there. I found myself at last on the soil, and at a period or crisis important in its history.

The immense territory had been carved and sliced into states and territories, and now the last remaining fragment, under the name of Wisconsin, had assumed territorial prerogatives, organized its government, and, with direct reference to a future division of territory, had selected its future capital, for as yet, except in name, Madison was not.

In assuming territorial powers, the boundaries had been enlarged so as to include part of New Louisiana, and the first legislature had virtually bartered away this part of her domain, of which Burlington, temporary capital of Wisconsin, was to be the future capital. Two more days of foot plodding brought us to Galena, the city of lead. The greeting on our entering the city was the ringing of bells, the clattering of tin pans, the tooting of ox horns, sounds earthly and unearthly,—sounds no man can describe.

What could it be? Was it for the benefit of two humble, footsore pedestrians that all this uproar was produced? We gave it up for the time, but learned subsequently that it was what is known as a charivari, an unmusical and disorderly serenade, generally gotten up for the benefit of some newly married couple, whose nuptials had not met with popular approval.

At Galena I parted with Mr. Rogers, my traveling companion, who went south. On the fifteenth of December I traveled to Dubuque on foot.

When I came to the Mississippi river I sat down on its banks and recalled the humorous description of old [Pg 7] Mr. Carson, my neighbor, to which I had listened wonderingly when a small boy. The turtles in it were big as barn doors, and their shells would make good ferryboats if they could only be kept above water. Several persons desiring to cross, we made a portable bridge of boards, sliding them along with us till we were safe on the opposite bank.

I was now at the end of my journey, on the west bank of the Mississippi, beyond which stretched a vast and but little known region, inhabited by Indians and wild beasts. As I review the incidents of my journey in , I can not but contrast the conditions of that era and the present. How great the change in half a century! The journey then required thirty days. It now requires but three.

I had passed over but two short lines of railroad, and had made the journey by canal boat, by steamer, by stage, and a large portion of it on foot. There were few regularly established lines of travel. From Michigan to the Mississippi there were no stages nor were there any regular southern routes. Travelers to the centre of the continent, in those days, came either by the water route, via New Orleans or the Fox and Wisconsin river route, or followed Indian trails or blazed lines from one settlement to another.

Hotels were few and far between, and, when found, not much superior to the cabins of the settlers; but the traveler was always and at all places hospitably entertained. Dubuque was a town of about three hundred inhabitants, attracted thither by the lead mines. The people were principally of the mining class. The prevailing elements amongst them were Catholic and Orange Irish. These two parties were antagonistic and would quarrel on the streets or wherever brought in contact. Sundays were especially days of strife, and Main [Pg 8] street was generally the field of combat.

Women even participated. There was no law, there were no police to enforce order. The fight went on, the participants pulling hair, gouging, biting, pummeling with fists or pounding with sticks, till one or the other party was victorious. These combats were also accompanied with volleys of profanity, and unlimited supplies of bad whisky served as fuel to the flame of discord. Dubuque was certainly the worst town in the West, and, in a small way, the worst in the whole country.

The entire country west of the Mississippi was without law, the government of Wisconsin Territory not yet being extended to it. Justice, such as it was, was administered by Judge Lynch and the mob. My first employment was working a hand furnace for smelting lead ore for a man named Kelly, a miner and a miser.

He lived alone in a miserable hovel, and on the scantiest fare. In January I contracted to deliver fifty cords of wood at Price’s brickyard. I cut the wood from the island in front of the present city of Dubuque, and hired a team to deliver it.

While in Dubuque I received my first letter from home in seven months. What a relief it was, after a period of long suspense, spent in tediously traveling over an almost wilderness country,—amidst unpleasant surroundings, amongst strangers, many of them of the baser sort, drinking, card playing, gambling and quarreling,—what a relief it was to receive a letter from home with assurances of affectionate regard from those I most esteemed.

Truly the lines had not fallen to me in pleasant places, and I was sometimes exposed to perils from the lawless characters by whom I was surrounded. On one occasion a dissolute and desperate miner, named Gilbert, came to Cannon’s hotel, which was my boarding house while in Dubuque. He usually came over from the east side of the river once a week for a spree. On this occasion, being very drunk, he was more than usually offensive and commenced abusing Cannon, the landlord, applying to him some contemptuous epithet.

I thoughtlessly remarked to Cannon, “You have a new name,” upon which Gilbert cocked his pistol and aiming at me was about to fire when Cannon, quick as thought, struck at his arm and so destroyed his aim that the bullet went over my head. The report of the pistol brought others to the room and a general melee ensued in which the bar [Pg 9] was demolished, the stove broken and Gilbert unmercifully whipped.

Gilbert was afterward shot in a drunken brawl. I formed some genial acquaintances in Dubuque, amongst them Gen. Booth, Messrs. Brownell, Wilson and others, since well known in the history of the country. Price, the wood contractor, never paid me for my work. I invested what money I had left for lots in Madison, all of which I lost, and had, in addition, to pay a note I had given on the lots.

It is romantically situated amidst picturesque bluffs, some of which tower aloft like the walls and turrets of an ancient castle, a characteristic that attaches to much of the bluff scenery along this point. I reached this old French town on the twelfth of February. The town and settlement adjacent extended over a prairie nine miles long, and from one to two miles broad, a beautiful plateau of land, somewhat sandy, but for many years abundantly productive, furnishing supplies to traders and to the military post established there.

Nicholas, on the east bank of the Mississippi, at the mouth of the Wisconsin, by Gov. De La Barre, who, in , sent Nicholas Perrot with a garrison of twenty men to hold the post. The first official document laying claim to the country on the Upper Mississippi, issued in , has mention of the fort.

This document we transcribe entire:. Croix, and at the mouth of the river St. Pierre Minnesota , on the bank of which were the Mantantans; and further up to the interior to the northeast of the Mississippi, as far as the Menchokatoux, with whom dwell the majority of the Songeskitens, and other Nadouessioux, who are to the northeast of the Mississippi, to take possession for, and in the name of, the king of the countries and rivers inhabited by the said tribes, and of which they are proprietors.

The present act done in our presence, signed with our hand and subscribed. There is little doubt that this post was held continuously by the French as a military post until , when the French authorities at Quebec withdrew all their troops from Wisconsin, and as a trader’s post or settlement, until the surrender in to the British of all French claims east of the Mississippi.

The post is occasionally mentioned by the early voyageurs, and the prairie which it commanded was known as the “Prairie du Chien,” or praire of the dog, as early as , and is so mentioned by Carver. It was not formally taken possession of by the United States until , when Gov. Clarke with two hundred men came up from St. Louis to Prairie du Chien, then under [Pg 11] English rule, to build a fort and protect American interests at the village. At that time there were about fifty families, descended chiefly from the old French settlers.

These were engaged chiefly in farming, owning a common field four miles long by a half mile wide. They had outside of this three separate farms and twelve horse mills to manufacture their produce. The fort, held by a few British troops under Capt. Deace, surrendered without resistance, but soon after the British traders at Mackinaw sent an expedition under Joe Rolette, Sr. They were followed by the Indians as far as Rock Island.

Meanwhile, Lieut. Campbell, with reinforcements on his way from St. Louis, was attacked, part were captured and the remainder of his troops driven back to St. Late in Maj. Zachary Taylor proceeded with gunboats to chastize the Indians for their attack on Campbell, but was himself met and driven back. The following year, on the declaration of peace between Great Britain and America, the post at Prairie du Chien was evacuated.

The garrison fired the fort as they withdrew from it. The fort erected by the Americans under Gen. Clarke in was called Fort Shelby. The British, on capturing it, changed the name to Fort McKay. The Americans, on assuming possession and rebuilding it, named it Fort Crawford. It stood on the bank of the river at the north end of St.

Friole, the old French village occupied in by the Dousmans. In the new Fort Crawford was built on an elevated site about midway in the prairie. It was a strong military post and was commanded at this time by Gen. Zachary Taylor. Many officers, who subsequently won distinction in the Florida Indian, Mexican, and late Civil War, were stationed here from time to time. Within a time included in my own recollections of the post, Jefferson Davis spirited away the daughter of his commanding officer, Gen.

Taylor, and married her, the “rough and ready” general being averse to the match. By that name it has been known and recognized [Pg 12] ever since.

It has been successively under the French, English and United States governments, and lying originally in the great Northwestern Territory, in the subsequent divisions of that immense domain, it has been included within the bounds of the territories of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin.

Fisher and —— Campbell as justices of the peace, the first civil commissions issued for the American government in the entire district of country including West Wisconsin and Minnesota east of the Mississippi. Prior to this time, about , the inhabitants had been chiefly under military rule. In the county of Crawford was organized as a part of Michigan Territory, and blank commissions were issued to Nicholas Boilvin, Esq.

Johnson was installed as chief justice of the county court. The entire corps of officers were qualified. In January, , Congress passed an act providing for circuit courts in the counties west and north of Lake Michigan, and James Duane Doty was appointed judge for the district composed of Brown, Mackinaw and Crawford counties, and a May term was held in Prairie du Chien the same year.

Indian Troubles. There were other incidents which may be worthy of separate mention. In an entire family, named Methode, were murdered, as is supposed, by the Indians, though the murderers were never identified. The great incentive to violence and rapine with the Indians was whisky. An intelligent Winnebago, aged about sixty years, told me that “paganini,” “firewater” whisky , was killing the great majority of his people, and making fools and cripples of those that were left; that before the pale faces came to the big river his people were good hunters and had plenty to eat; that now they were drunken, lazy and hungry; that they once wore elk or deer skins, that now they were clad in blankets or went naked.

The brother of the dead Indian, heading the pursuit, pounced upon him and instantly killed him with a knife. Considering the fact that the Indians were gathered together under the guns of a United States fort, and under the protection of a law expressly forbidding the sale of intoxicating liquors to them, the people of the United States were certainly justified in expecting better results, not only in regard to the protection of the frontier settlers but for that of the Indians themselves.

Here the Winnebagoes, part of the Menomonies and some Chippewas received their annuities, and here centred also an immense trade from the American Fur Company, the depot being a large stone building on the banks of the Mississippi, under the charge of Hercules Dousman. Two discharged soldiers Thompson and Evans living at Patch Grove, thirteen miles away, visited the fort often.

On a morning after one of their visits a soldier on guard noticed a heap of fresh earth near the magazine. An alarm was given, an examination made, and it was found that the magazine had been burst open with bars and sledge hammers, entrance having been [Pg 14] obtained by digging under the corner picket. The kegs had been passed through the excavation underneath the picket. One keg had burst open near the picket, and the silver was found buried in the sand. The second keg burst on the bank of the Mississippi, and all the money was found buried there except about six hundred dollars.

The third keg was found months after by John Brinkman, in the bottom of the river, two miles below the fort. He was spearing fish by torchlight, when he chanced to find the keg. The keg he delivered at the fort and received a small reward. On opening the keg it was found to contain coin of a different kind from that advertised as stolen.

Brinkman, however, made no claims on account of errors. Thompson, Evans, and a man named Shields were arrested by the civil authorities on suspicion; their trial was continued from term to term and they were at last dismissed.

One man, who had seen the silver in the sand during the day and gone back at night to fill his pockets, was seized by a soldier on guard, imprisoned for a year, and discharged. A Frenchman shot and killed a couple of tame geese belonging to a neighbor, supposing them to be wild. Discovering his mistake, he brought the geese to the owner, a Dutchman, who flew into a great rage, but took the geese and used them for his own table, in addition to which he had the goose-killer arrested and tried before Martin Savall, a justice of the peace.

The defendant admitted the killing of the geese, the plaintiff admitted receiving them and using them for food, nevertheless the justice gave judgment in favor of plaintiff by the novel ruling that these geese, if not killed, would have laid eggs and hatched about eight goslings. The defendant was therefore fined three dollars for the geese killed, and eight dollars for the goslings that might have been hatched if the geese had been permitted to live, and costs besides.

Plaintiff appealed to the district court which reversed the decision on the ground that plaintiff had eaten his geese, and the goslings, not being hatched, did not exist.

Plaintiff paid the costs of the suit, forty-nine dollars, remarking that a Dutchman had no chance in this country; that he would go back to Germany. The judge remarked that it would be the best thing he could do. My original plan on leaving Maine was to make a prospecting tour through the West and South.

I had been in Prairie du Chien for a season, and as soon as my contract to cut hay for the fort and my harvesting work was done. I started, with two of my comrades, in a birch bark canoe for New Orleans. This mode of traveling proving slow and tedious, after two days, on our arrival at Dubuque, we sold our canoe and took passage on the steamer Smelter for St. Louis, which place we reached on the seventeenth of October.

We remained five days, stopping at the Union Hotel. Louis was by far the finest and largest city I had yet seen in the West. Its levee was crowded with drays and other vehicles and lined with steamers and barges. Its general appearance betokened prosperity. On the twenty-second, I left on the steamer George Collier for New Orleans, but the yellow fever being reported in that city, I remained several days at Baton Rouge.

New Orleans was even then a large and beautiful city. Its levee and streets were remarkable for their cleanness, but seemed almost deserted. Owing to a recent visitation of the yellow fever and the financial crisis of , business was almost suspended.

These were hard times in New Orleans. Hundreds of men were seeking employment, and many of them were without money or friends. It was soon very evident to me that I had come to a poor place to better my fortunes. After a thorough canvass, I found but one situation vacant, and that was in a drinking saloon, and was not thought of for an instant. I remained fifteen days, my money gradually diminishing, when I concluded to try the interior.

I took steamer for Vicksburg, and thence passed up the Yazoo to Manchester, where I spent two days in the vain search for employment, offering to do any kind of work. I was in the South, where the labor was chiefly done by negroes. I was friendless and without letters of recommendation, and for a man under such circumstances to be asking for employment was in itself a suspicious circumstance.

I encountered everywhere coldness and distrust. I returned to Vicksburg, and, fortunately, had still enough money left to secure a deck passage to the North, but was obliged to [Pg 16] live sparingly, and sleep without bedding. I kept myself somewhat aloof from the crew and passengers.

The captain and clerk commented on my appearance, and were, as I learned from a conversation that I could not help but overhear, keeping a close eye upon me for being so quiet and restrained. It was true that the western rivers were infested with desperate characters, gamblers and thieves such as the Murrell gang. Might I not be one of them. I was truly glad when, on the fifth of December, we landed at St. It seemed nearer my own country; but finding no employment there, I embarked on the steamer Motto for Hennepin, Illinois, where I found occasional employment cutting timber.

There was much talk here of the Murrell gang, then terrorizing the country; and I have good reason to believe that some of them at that time were in Hennepin. After remaining about two months, I left, on foot, valise in hand or strapped upon my back, with J. Simpson, for Galena, which place we reached in four days. Finding here Mr. Putnam, with a team, I went up with him on the ice to Prairie du Chien, where, after an absence of five months of anxiety, suspense and positive hardships, I was glad to find myself once more among friends.

During the summer of I cultivated a farm. I had also a hay contract for the fort. My partner was James C. I had worked hard and succeeded in raising a good crop, but found myself in the fall the victim of bilious fever and ague. I continued farming in and furnishing hay to the fort, but continued to suffer with chills and fever.

Myself and partner were both affected, and at times could scarcely take care of ourselves. Help could not be obtained, but ague comes so regularly to torture its victims that, knowing the exact hour of its approach, we could prepare in advance for it, and have our water, gruel, boneset and quinine ready and within reach. We knew when we would shake, but not the degree of fever which would follow. The delirium of the fever would fill our minds with strange fancies.

On one occasion I came home with the ague fit upon me, hitched my horses with wagon attached to a post and went into the house. Banker had passed the shaking stage, and was delirious. I threw myself on the bed, and the fever soon following, I knew nothing till morning, when I found the team still hitched to the post, and, in their hunger, eating it. In November of this year I made a somewhat perilous trip with team to Fort Winnebago, at the portage of the Fox and Wisconsin rivers.

The weather was cold and the military road, much of the distance, covered with snow. There was scarcely a trail over the rolling prairie to guide me. Exposure brought on the chills as I was returning. Fatigued, sick and suffering, I coiled myself on the top of the load. The second day, as the sun was setting, I came in sight of Parish’s Grove, but the horses were unwilling to obey my guidance.

Coming to a fork in the road they insisted on going to the right. I pulled them to the left. Had I been guided by their “horse sense” they would have brought me in a few moments to the door of Parish’s hotel.

As it was, I drove on until far in the night, when we came to a steep hill, two steep for descent in the wagon. I unhitched the team, loaded them with the portable things in the wagon to keep them from the wolves that were howling around, mounted one of the horses and descended the hill and found myself at Parish’s door, the very place I had been trying to find for a day and a night. Caldwell, quartermaster at Fort Crawford, received the load, and learning something of the perils of the journey, gave me eighty dollars instead of the forty he had promised.

During the spring and summer of , I fulfilled heavy hay and wood contracts for the fort, and in the autumn of that year concluded to revisit my early home in Maine.

I set out September 23d, and reached Chicago in seven days, traveling with a team. I traveled thence by steamer to Buffalo, by canal boat to Rochester, by railroad and stage to Albany and Boston, by railroad to Lowell, and by stage to Tamworth, New Hampshire.

After spending four years amidst the prairies of the West it was indeed a pleasure to look again upon the grand ranges of mountains in this part of New England. When eleven years of age I had lived where I could look upon these mountains, and now to their grandeur was added the charm of old association.

Time had written no changes upon these rugged mountains. There were cottages and farms on the mountain side. Sparkling rivulets gleamed in the sunlight, [Pg 18] as they found their way, leaping from rock to rock, to the valleys beneath. Tamworth is situated on beautiful ridges amongst these mountain ranges. Near this place is the old family burying ground containing the graves of my grand parents and other near relatives.

These mountain peaks seemed to stand as sentinels over their last resting place. I remained at Tamworth a short time, visited the graves of my kindred, and on October 20th pursued my journey to Bloomfield, Maine, my old home.

I found great changes. Some kind friends remained, but others were gone. The old home was changed and I felt that I could not make my future home here. The great West seemed more than ever attractive. There would I build my home, and seek my fortune. I found here one who was willing to share that home and whatever fortune awaited me in the West. On January 1st I was married to Mary J. Wyman, by Rev.

Arthur Drinkwater, who gave us good counsel on the eve of our departure to a new and still wilderness country. On February 16th we bade adieu to our friends in Maine, visited awhile at Tamworth, and March 20th reached Prairie du Chien, having traveled by private conveyance, stage and steamer, passing through New Haven, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Frederick City, Maryland, over the National road to Wheeling, Virginia, by steamer down the Ohio and up the Mississippi to our destination.

Here we made our home until the autumn of , I continuing in the business in which I had been previously engaged. At this time a failure in my wife’s health rendered a change of climate necessary. Our history of Fifty Years in the Northwest commences properly at Prairie du Chien in the years The entire country west and north was at that time but little better than a wilderness. Prairie du Chien was an outpost of civilization.

A few adventurous traders and missionaries had penetrated the country above, planting a few stations here and there, and some little effort had been made at settlement, but the country, for the most part, was the home of roving tribes of Indians, and he who adventured among them at any distance from posts or settlements did so at considerable peril.

Prairie du Chien, as we have [Pg 19] shown, had been for an indefinite period under various governments, at first a French, and later an American settlement, generally under the protection of a military force. It was a primitive looking village. The houses were built for the most part of upright timber posts and puncheons, and were surrounded by pickets. There was no effort at display. Every thing was arranged for comfort and protection. Burnett, Joseph M. Fonday, Samuel Gilbert, and William Wilson.

The following were unmarried: James B. Dallam, Ira B. Brunson, William S. Lockwood, and Hercules Dousman. In addition to these were perhaps near a hundred French families, old residents.

We include in the following biographical sketches some names of non-residents, prominent in the early territorial history, and others who came to Prairie du Chien later than James Duane Doty. The plan of this work forbids more than a brief mention, and we therefore give only the principal events in his life.

Doty was born in Salem, Washington county, New York, where he spent his early days. After receiving a thorough literary education he studied law, and in located at Detroit, Michigan. In , in company with Gov. Cass, he made a canoe voyage of exploration through Lakes Huron and Michigan. On this voyage they negotiated treaties with the Indians, and returning made a report on the comparatively unexplored region which they had traversed. Under his appointment as judge for the counties of Michigan west of the lake, which appointment he held for nine years, he first made his home at Prairie du Chien, where he resided one year, thence removing to Green Bay for the remainder [Pg 20] of his term of office, at which place he continued to reside for a period of twenty years.

In he was appointed one of the commissioners to locate military routes from Green Bay to Chicago and Prairie du Chien. In he represented the counties west of the lake in the Michigan legislative council at Detroit, at which council the first legislative action was taken affecting these counties.

At that session he introduced a bill to create the state of Michigan, which was adopted. The result of this action was the creation of the territory of Wisconsin in In Mr. Doty was chosen territorial delegate to Congress from Wisconsin, in which capacity he served four years, when he was appointed governor. He served as governor three years. He acted as commissioner in negotiating Indian treaties. In he was a member of the first constitutional convention. In he was elected member of Congress, and was re-elected in Somewhere in the ’50s he built a log house on an island in Fox river, just above Butte des Mortes, and lived there with his family many years.

There he gathered ancient curiosities, consisting of Indian implements, and relics of the mound builders. This log house still stands and is kept intact with the curiosities gathered there by the present owner, John Roberts, to whom they were presented by Mrs.

Fitzgerald, a daughter of Gov. Doty, in The cabin overlooks the cities of Menasha and Neenah, and the old council ground at the outlet of Lake Winnebago, where the Fox and Sioux Indians held annual councils, also the old battle ground where the Fox Indians routed the Sioux in one of the hardest fought battles on record. In Judge Doty was appointed superintendent of Indian affairs, and subsequently was appointed governor of Utah Territory, which place he held until his death in Wisconsin had no truer friend nor more faithful and efficient servant.

His aims were exalted, and he deservedly held a high place in the affections of his fellow citizens. James H. Lockwood was the only practicing lawyer at the organization of Judge Doty’s court. He was the pioneer lawyer in Prairie du Chien, and the first lawyer admitted to the bar in what is now Wisconsin. The ancestors of John Foulsham may be traced backward a period of near six hundred years, and many of the family have honorable mention in English history.

A certain John de Foulsham is spoken of in Blomefield’s History of Norfolk as an “eloquent, unflinching opponent of the corruptions of the times. As to the original derivation of the family name, Hon. George Folsom, of Philadelphia, in one of the manuscripts left by him, says: “It arose upon the adoption of surnames in England, from the town of Foulsham, a village in the county of Norfolk, six or eight miles north of Hingham, in which county the family was seated for many centuries, possessing estates in fifteen different places.

The orthography and pronunciation of the name have varied in the family itself, as well as among those writing and pronouncing it. The first Anglo-American bearing the name spelled it “Foulsham. In one instance, in the Hingham town records, it is spelled “Fulsham,” but always afterward, “Foulsham. It was probably at first written with a hyphen, as Fouls-hame, but the final syllable was eventually shortened.

Everywhere it is now written Folsom by those having the name, and is pronounced like wholesome. The characteristics of the family have been quite uniform.

Far as known they were a religious family, and prominent as such in both Catholic and Protestant circles, with a strong disposition toward dissent from the established order of things. Thus John de Foulsham wrote a treatise quite at variance with [Pg ix] the doctrines of the church, advocating the marriage of priests. John Foulsham, the Anglo-American, left England on account of his dissent, preferring a home in the wilderness with freedom to worship God, to dwelling under the rule of a haughty and tyrannical bishop.

Many of the family espoused the doctrines of Whitfield. Many of them became Baptists, becoming such at a time when the Baptists were most unpopular, and afterward becoming Free Will Baptists, in which communion more of the family may to-day be found than in any other. The occupations of the family were mostly, in the early days, mechanical.

Many were joiners and millwrights. The children and grandchildren were farmers, landholders and lumbermen. Of the many who removed to Maine, after the Revolution, most engaged in lumbering, but turned their attention also to milling and storekeeping.

The family have also shown a military tendency, and during the various wars visited upon the country since the early colonial times, this family has borne its full share of the dangers, toils and expense. My mother was born in Machias, Maine, Oct. My father was a prominent business man, and was engaged in shipping and mercantile pursuits, he owning vessels that plied from St.

Johns to Machias and other American ports. To facilitate his business, St. Johns was his home four years, during which time he was associated with William Henry Carman. This temporary residence and business association account for my being born on British soil, and for the names by which I was christened.

According to the record in the old family Bible, I was born at St. Johns, New Brunswick, June 22, When I was five years old my parents moved to Tamworth, New Hampshire. Young as I was, I am still able to recall events that occurred while I lived in Canada. I remember falling into a well and being badly bruised. I remember also an adventure with a bear. My parents had gone to church, leaving me at home, greatly against my will. I attempted to follow, but missed the road and wandered off into a wood, perhaps three miles [Pg x] away.

When my parents returned they were much alarmed, and parties immediately went in pursuit. When I knew I was lost I set up a vigorous screaming, which had the effect of attracting attention from two very different parties.

The first was a huge bear in quest of food, and doubtless delighted at the prospect before him. The second was one of the rescuing parties in quest of the lost boy. Both simultaneously approached the screaming youngster and Bruin fought stubbornly for his prey, but was vanquished by the clubs of my rescuers, and I was carried home in triumph. I do not clearly recall all the incidents of this scene, and, strangely enough, do not remember seeing the bear. Perhaps the terror of being lost drove out every other impression.

An excuse for the narration of this apparently trifling incident may be found in the fact that but for the prompt arrival of the rescuing party, this history would never have been written. When I was ten years of age my parents removed to Bloomfield, Maine. While in Tamworth I had excellent opportunities of attending school, which I improved to the utmost.

After leaving Tamworth my school privileges were well nigh ended, as I never received from that time more than six months’ schooling. My father followed lumbering on the Kennebec river. During the first winter in Maine, he took me to the logging camp as camp boy. During the second winter he hired me to Matthew and Lewis Dunbar as a cook for their wood camp. I cooked for six men and received five dollars a month. I was used very kindly by the Dunbars, but that winter in the woods seemed a long, long winter.

The only book in camp was the Bible. There were, however, newspapers and playing cards. In the spring my father used the fifteen dollars received for my three months’ work to purchase a cow. I served the Dunbars the third winter, as cook, for six dollars a month, and worked the ensuing summer on farms at about twenty-five cents per day. During the fourth winter I worked for the Dunbars and Timothy Snow at seven dollars per month, and the summer following worked on a farm for Benjamin Cayford at seven dollars.

Cayford was a merciless tyrant, and sometimes compelled his men to work in the field till nine o’clock at night. These details of wages paid and work done, uninteresting in themselves, serve to show the value of a boy’s work I was not yet fifteen and [Pg xi] what was expected of the average boy, for mine was no exceptional case nor was my father more exacting than others in his station in life.

He was in poor health, and had a large family of boys. We were eight in number, and of these I was one of the most robust and able to assist in the support of the family. This year I persuaded my father to sell me my time, which amounted to five years, which he reluctantly did, accepting two hundred and fifty dollars as an equivalent.

It was my ambition to go West. Horace Greeley had not uttered the talismanic words, “Go West, young man,” but I believed that by going West I would be better able to advance my own interests and assist my parents. My father signed the necessary paper relinquishing my time, which was printed in the Skowhegan Clarion. From this time until I was nineteen years old I worked on the river and on farms, worked continuously and beyond my strength. I worked another summer for Cayford, but have no pleasant recollections of him, for on his farm I was sadly overworked, being often called to work before sunrise and kept at work after sunset.

I worked two winters cooking in the woods for Capt. Asa Steward, of Bloomfield, one of the best men I ever served, a kind hearted, honest Christian. He gave me good counsel and good wages besides. In the fall of I went into the woods to work for Capt.

Snow, of Madison. Like Cayford, he was a merciless tyrant and abusive to his men. I left his camp before my engagement closed, not being able to endure his abuse longer. This is the only time in which I failed to keep a labor engagement. I finished the winter with Capt. Asa Steward, but my eyes became so inflamed from the smoke of the camp that I was obliged to abandon cooking. During this winter occurred an incident that came near having a serious and even fatal termination.

There were three of us, Simeon Goodrich, Jimmie Able and myself, who went down the Kennebec to the Forks, a distance of twelve miles from camp. A deep, damp snow had fallen the night previous, and through this snow, reaching above our knees, we trudged wearily till Able gave out. We carried him a short distance, but becoming exhausted ourselves, laid him down in the snow. To remain with him would be to imperil the lives of all; by hurrying on we might be able to send a party to bring him in.

We carefully [Pg xii] made for him a bed of fir boughs and placed loose garments over him and under him, and as he was sick, weak and faint, gave him a draught of liquid opodeldoc, and leaving the bottle with him, hurried on. We traveled the last mile through an opening. Snow drifted deeply. We dragged our bodies through the drifts in the direction of a glimmering light, which proved to be Sturgis’ hotel, which we reached at 11 o’clock p.

A team was sent back immediately for the lost Able by a road of which we knew nothing. The rescuing party met him trudging along with all his baggage. The opodeldoc had revived him, and he had traveled a full mile when he met the rescuing party.

At two o’clock the team returned bringing the lost wayfarer. Another adventure terminated more disastrously than this. In the spring of I was employed in taking logs across Moosehead lake.

The logs were in booms, and were moved by a capstan and rope. This was before the days of steamboats, and the moving of the booms was no light task. On this occasion a gale of wind struck us and drifted us across the lake. We threw out an anchor, hoping to check the course of the boom and swing it into Cowan’s bay. In one of our throws the anchor tripped, or caught fast, and suddenly tightened the line. Our whole crew were in an instant hurled headlong. Some were thrown into the water.

One man Butler had his ribs broken. All were more or less injured. The capstan went overboard. The old boom swung on and on, and, passing Spencer’s bay, broke and went to pieces on the shore. The logs were with great difficulty regathered, but were finally brought to the outlet of the lake July 4th, the last raft of the season.

After river driving in the spring of , I went to the Penobscot river and found employment at twenty dollars a month at East Great Works, building a dam. John Mills, our superintendent, was a good man.

There was a lyceum here, the first I ever attended. In December I returned to the Kennebec, and in the spring of went to Dead river to drive, but an attack of the measles and general ill health, with symptoms of pulmonary derangement, compelled me to abandon the work. I had lived nine years on the Kennebec, years of hard labor and exertion beyond my strength, and in that time had earned enough to pay my father two hundred and fifty dollars.

I had been able to purchase a small library, and had two hundred dollars in cash to defray my expenses to the West. There are some things he can not forget.

They may not be an essential part of his own life history, but still they have found a place in his mind and seem a part of himself, and he recurs to them again and again with ever increasing delight. There are other things, may be, not so pleasant to dwell upon, which still have a place in his memory and may be profitably recalled.

No one who has ever lived in Maine can forget its dark pine forests, its rugged hills, its rushing streams, cold and clear as crystal, its broad lakes, the abundant game of its forests and the fish in its waters. The Minnesota and Wisconsin pioneers, who with the author of this book claim Maine as an early home, will not object to the insertion in this chapter of a few of these reminiscences.

Moosehead Lake. At that time it was still in the wilderness, only two settlers having found their way to its shores. We were going with a six ox team to a camp on the Brasua and our road led us across the frozen lake. Emerging from a beech and maple grove on the margin near Haskell’s, our sled plunged downward, and in a moment we found ourselves on the gray ice of the lake, with a wonderful panorama spread out before us. The distant islands and the shores, hilly and mountainous, stood out plainly between the winter sky and the ice covered lake.

The mirage added its finishing touches to the picture, increasing the brightness and apparent size of distant objects, or lending them brilliant hues, the whole scene sparkling in the frosty sunlit air, making a vision of beauty that could not fade.

On we trudged over the ice, the sled creaking, the ice emitting a roaring sound, not unlike the discharge of a park of artillery, sounds produced by the expansion of the ice.

We trudged on past islands and craggy, rock-bound shores, passed Burnt Jacket, Squaw and Moxey mountains in the east, Lily and Spencer bays at the southeast, Misery and other mountains in the west, while far away to the north of east towered white old Katahdin. Before us loomed up the flint rock Kinneo, its perpendicular face fronting west, on the lake; at the base a beautiful maple interval extending toward Spencer bay. The following spring our boom lay wind-bound at the base of Kinneo, and we seized the opportunity of climbing the vast pile of flinty rocks composing it, and obtained thence a view of unparalleled beauty, including the broad, bright lake, fairy islands, mountains and hills and vast stretches of pine forests.

The tourist might seek far and wide, vainly, for a landscape rivaling this. Moose Hunting. The lake abounds in fish, of which the lake trout is the most abundant in number and delicious in flavor. Specimens are frequently taken weighing from ten to fifteen pounds. The forests at that time abounded in wild animals, chief of which was the moose, the largest and the homeliest of the deer family.

With his long, narrow head, small eyes, donkey-like ears, pendant lips, the upper one curling like a small proboscis, with his high shoulders and giraffe-like hips, with his short, round body, long and clumsy legs, he is as distinguished for his want of grace and comeliness as the red deer is for its presence. No animal is better adapted for its own home and mode of life. Their heavy coat of hair adapts them to high latitudes.

With their curved upper lip they take hold of the branches of the trees, and with their strong teeth and paws they are able to peel off the tender bark of saplings and small trees. The moose, when attacked, is fierce, resolute, defiant, and defends himself in a masterly manner, striking with his fore legs with such precision that the hunter is obliged to keep at a respectful distance. The male moose wears a remarkable pair of horns of annual growth, to which each year a prong is added.

The home of the moose is the northern part of the North Temperate Zone. Moose hunting is a healthy though laborious pastime. The hunter must be an expert, and it requires years of practice to become skillful.

He must build his camp in the wilderness, packing thither his food, blankets, camp utensils and gun. With his pack of dogs he starts out in search of a moose yard. This is generally in some well timbered district. The snow in winter is generally from three to six feet deep, but the moose has broken paths through this to facilitate his movements through the forest, and here he roams about in fancied security, browsing on the young shrubs, but the hunter finds his hiding place.

In such case he conceals himself in the snow near one of these [Pg xv] paths and waits patiently till the moose passes, when he fires upon him.

If the moose is killed at once the hunter waits patiently in his hiding place till another and another comes up to share a like fate.

If the moose is only wounded he starts off as rapidly through the snow as his long legs will carry him, pursued by the hunter and his dogs. The hunter has all the advantages of the position, being mounted on snowshoes, thus being able to move with comparative swiftness, while the moose plunges heavily through the snow, and at last, weakened by loss of blood, he is overtaken and easily killed.

Mount Bigelow. For years it had been my strong desire to make the ascent, and in May, , the desire was gratified. With six others, I left camp, and by evening reached Green’s hotel, where we obtained lodgings for the evening. At early dawn, having supplied ourselves with lunch, tin cup and hatchet, we began the ascent on the northeast side. We soon passed the thrifty timber and aided our ascent of the craggy sides of the mountain by clinging to the shrubs that found roothold in the crevices of the rocks.

It may not be amiss to say that we rested, that we rested frequently, for mountain climbing is no light work for those unaccustomed to it. While toiling wearily upward we found ourselves enveloped in mist, or a cloud, from which we soon emerged to find the heavens above us clear and bright, while leaden clouds shut out the landscape below.

At twelve o’clock, noon, we were on the summit. By this time the clouds had been dispersed. The air was clear and cold and beneath us lay, as in a beautiful panorama, the lands and lakes of Maine. There are two peaks, about half a mile apart, between which is a valley and a small lake. From the highest of these peaks the view was magnificent. In the far north we imagined we saw Canada. The vast, northern expanse was all unoccupied save by a few farms at the foot of the mountain, and by a few camps of lumbermen, hunters and trappers.

Looking to the northeast, we saw in the blue distance, glittering with snow drifts, Mount Katahdin. A little north of the divide line to Katahdin lay Moosehead lake, the largest, most beautiful lake in Maine. At this season of the year the snow had disappeared from the valleys and hills, but the summits of the mountains were still [Pg xvi] white. In all directions the scene was grand and inspiring. We could trace the Kennebec river in its windings to the sea and fancied we could see in the dim distance the blue Atlantic.

To the southwest mountains seemed piled on mountains, while here and there in intermediate vales bright lakes reflected the blue of the upper deep.

In this direction there were farms, but they looked like mere dots on the face of the earth. Lake Umbagog lay coiled in the shade of distant mountains in the southwest. We fancied that we could see the ragged crest of the white mountain still further beyond.

The scene had also its historical associations. Along the base of this mountain, on the northwestern side, ere his name had been sullied by the foulest treason in our country’s history, Benedict Arnold bravely led the Colonial troops in the campaign against Canada.

With him, as an aid, was Col. Bigelow, whose name is given to the mountain. The gallant little army halted on the banks of Dead river at the base of the mountain, and made their camp. While the army was resting at this camp Lieut. Bigelow ascended the mountain and planted his country’s flag upon the highest peak, doubtless the first white man who made the ascent, and the mountain is his monument to-day.

Around the site of the camp was planted the colony of Flagstaff. While we were gazing on the magnificent scene, musing upon its varied beauties and recalling its historical associations, the sun set, and reluctantly we set out on our return, a descent the more perilous because it was growing dark.

Extreme caution was necessary; nevertheless we made good headway, as we found ourselves sometimes sliding and even rolling down the path that we had ascended with so much difficulty in the forenoon. It was long after nightfall that, tired and hungry, we reached Wyman’s hotel on the banks of Dead river. Lumbering in Maine. The first thing was to select a place for operations.

This was done in the open season. When the winter had fairly set in the lumberman, with his ox teams, generally six oxen to a sled, the sleds laden with camp plunder, would start for the pineries. The slow ox teams would consume many days making the journey.

The crew of men employed for the winter generally met the teams in camp. The snow would [Pg xvii] be cleared away for the camp, and a fire built. The cook would prepare a supper of fried pork, fritters or pancakes, tea, syrup and New England apple sauce, the crew meanwhile cutting boughs, wood, etc. Supper over, the cattle were tied to trees and fed. Water was secured for evening use only.

A glowing fire would be kept up, around which the crew would gather to spend the evening in talking over the adventures of the day, discussing plans for the morrow or singing camp songs. Thus the evening would pass merrily and swiftly.

At the hour for retiring parties of two would spread their blankets on a couch of fir or cedar boughs, and lie down to rest. Next morning the cook would rise at four o’clock to prepare breakfast, which over, as soon as it was light enough the crew would commence the work of the day. Every man goes to his assigned duties, the boss in charge having the general oversight.

The life of a lumberman is one of exposure to the elements, yet it is not necessarily unfriendly to the development of character. With a well ordered camp and gentlemanly crew the winter may pass away pleasantly, and the young man engaged in the comparatively hard toil of the camp, may, with books and papers and cheerful converse with the more thoughtful of his elders, improve the long evenings spent around the camp fire.

Many a Maine boy has received here the greater part of his training for the duties of after life. Sunday was usually occupied in reading, singing, and doing some of the lighter work of camp, such as repairing sleds, shoeing oxen and making axe helves or visiting neighboring camps.

It was a day of rest only so far as the heavier work of the camp was suspended. Sanctuary privileges there were none. The work would often close in the sunny days of March. The men would mostly depart for home. A few would remain to drive the logs with the first water from the melting of the snows late in April. Driving logs in the rapid waters of Maine is hazardous work.

Scarcely a day passes without imminent risk to life and limb of the hardy and venturesome men engaged in the work of breaking log landings and jams, and running boats. Men are exposed to wet and cold from dawn till dark. This work requires active and vigorous men, constitutionally fitted and carefully trained [Pg xviii] to the work.

They are usually sociable, lively and wide awake, these qualities enabling them to endure, and even to enjoy, the life of hardship which they lead, and to which they become so accustomed that they are unwilling to leave it until worn out by its inevitable hardship. Folsom Frontispiece James S.

Blanding Reuben F. Warner opp Rev. Boutwell Devil’s Chair Frank N. Peterson Rev. Washburn opp John S. Pillsbury opp St. Anthony Falls Birdseye View of St. Paul opp Henry H. Sibley opp Alex. Ramsey opp Henry M. Rice opp Edmund Rice opp Wm. Rainey Marshall opp Wm. Fisher John B. Sanborn opp H. Hall Hon. Le Duc Lucius F. Going West.

James Duane Doty 19 James H. Lockwood 20 Indian Troubles 21 John S. Jones 31 S. Anderson 55 Emanuel D. Farmer 56 Col. John Greely 56 Mrs. Leach 58 Socrates Nelson 58 Mrs. William Holcombe William S. Barron George W. Brownell Col. Robert C. Murphy Edward Worth Mrs. Mary C. Worth Maurice M. Samuels Joseph B. McGlothlin Andrew L. Tuttle John Weymouth B. Reynolds Augustus Gaylord James D. Reymert William J. Stratton Elma M. Blanding Blanding Family Frederick G.

Bartlett Michael Field Alden Rev. Peabody V. Smith Clayton Reuben F. Nason Joel F. Gallespie Luck William H. Carmi P. Garlick John S. Godfrey William A. Talboys Charles H. Staples J. Peake George Wilson Samuel B. Dresser Frederic A. Dresser Oscar A.

Clark Oscar F. Knapp Mrs. Elisabeth B. Hayes Cyrus G. Bradley W. Hale Edgar C. Treadwell St. Croix Falls St. Samuel Deneen William W.

John B. Page Dr. Henning Moses S. Gibson Col. Otis Hoyt S. Fuller Miles H. Van Meter Philip B. Jewell John Tobin Horace A. Moffatt James H. Childs William Dwelley James M. Fulton Marcus A. Fulton David C. Fulton N. Holden William H. Semmes Sterling Jones D. Bailey Henry C. Baker Mert Herrick D. Baldwin John Comstock Lucius P. Wetherby John C. Spooner Thomas Porter Herman L. Humphrey Theodore Cogswell Frank P.

Catlin Charles Y. Denniston A. Jefferson Samuel C. Symonds John E. Price E. Bundy Towns and Biographies. Bradley William Dailey Robert and Wm. Johnson Joel Bartlett Francis W. Bartlett George C. Hough Silas Staples Dr. Henry Murdock Steven N. Samuel Harriman St. Vance Allen R. Wilson E. Pierce Hans B. Taylor John Huitt John M.

Thayer A. Andrews Joseph A. Short Prof. Allen H. Weld Allen P. Weld George W. Nichols W. Powell Oliver S. Powell Nils P. Haugen H. Burnett County. Stratton Barron County. Ashland County. Haskell G. Vaughn Dr. Edwin Ellis Martin Beaser Hon. Sam S. Fifield Bayfield County. Newton Judge Solon H. Clough Vincent Roy D. Frederic Ayer Rev. William T. Boutwell Discovery of Itasca [Pg xxx] Mrs. Hester C. Grant, Sr. Robinson Hiram Brackett Randall K. Burrows John S. Visit cargodatacorp. See us at booth for a complete demonstration.

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CFVGA has emerged since as the focal point for buyers interfacing with a broad representation of growers throughout Colorado of all scales of production. Learn more at coloradoproduce.

Colorado Potato Administrative Committee P. Box Park Ave. We can help you with all your fresh potato needs, from shipper and seed information to variety information. We can help you locate what you are looking for. We can help with POS material, state and federal marketing regulations and finding the shipper that can fulfill your potato needs.

Comercializadora Agroexportadora JV S. Avenida 1 Poniente. Comercializadora Raber De Durango, S. Pavo Real Real Del Mezquital. Durango, DGO. To achieve this, we operate a number of centers of excellence, regional offices and manufacturing locations within the United States, Europe, South America, Asia, Africa and Australasia. Concord Foods offers a wide variety of producefriendly items, ranging from produce seasoning and smoothie mixes, lemon and lime juices, fresh dessert mixes and apple-related items.

We have several exciting new products launching at Fresh Summit, including Simply Concord Caramel Dip, the first clean label caramel dip. The caramel dip contains no artificial flavors, colors or preservatives, no high fructose corn syrup and is non-GMO. Please visit our booth to taste and learn more about our new products. Connectaflor N. We offer an exclusive line of farm-made bouquets and consumer bunches based on price points that are designed to increase consumer consumption and decrease shrink at store level.

Visit our booth and connect with us for more information. Consorcio Greenzac, S. Zacatecas, ZAC. Conasavemex Lago Zirahuen 49 Depto At Continental Floral Greens, we grow and harvest over 60 cut floral greens. We are located in Florida, California and Washington and harvest, process and ship our greens directly from the farm for the freshest product and longest vase life. We not only sell bulk greens but beautiful finished wreaths, garlands and novelty products for all seasons.

Continental Flowers N. Continental Flowers is a grower and importer of fresh cut flowers. Our new design team has created unique everyday and seasonal product lines that will create excitement in your stores! We are introducing several new bouquet programs, with multiple price points and coordinating grab-and-go bunches, allowing your stores to create additional sales and profits.

Come meet our passionate and experienced team, and let us customize a floral program for your specific needs! Conwed is a global company specializing in total netting solutions, from concept to commercialization. Conwed offers a complete line of plastic mesh packaging products from pallet wrap to produce bags and shelf liner. Conwed packaging products are customizable and offer flexibility, durability and breathability that you can rely on to fulfill your packaging needs quickly, easily and economically.

Coosaw Farms P. At Coosaw Farms, we continuously apply innovation and care to our growing practices, harvesting methods, and packing capabilities to bring families and individuals the safest, freshest, best-tasting fresh produce possible. As one of the most advanced watermelon and blueberry growers in the MidAtlantic and the world today, we manage our acreage with the goal of being the best, measured by each bite you experience.

Coosemans Worldwide King St. Our family includes growers, shippers, brokers, importers and exporters. Continental Western Corporation Miller St. Continental Western Corporation is a premier supplier of packaging, steel and plastic strapping, twine, rope, safety wear, janitorial, and industrial products.

For over 60 years, we have provided quality products, timely delivery and outstanding customer service, to customers large and small. You can place your order at one of our eight locations, online, or by email, fax or phone. At CWC, we are proud to be your vendor of choice. Contact us for agriculture products today! Corona College Heights Lincoln Ave. We are a California packer, shipper and marketer of conventional and organic citrus, avocados and mangoes.

Costa Farms S. Love plants? So do we! The Costa Farms family, as we consider ourselves, grows houseplants and garden plants that we ship to retailers across North America.

Coprisa Agroexport is a company located in Guatemala exporting products and high quality vegetables to markets in the United States, Canada, Europe and Japan.

Peas, sugar peas and French beans are some of the products we offer, which have all the food safety certificates required by international markets. With 15 years of experience, we guarantee that excellence is our main goal.

Box NW Ave. Costa Rica is a country of high mountains, green valleys and extensive plains between two oceans.

Its natural diversity and microclimates provide fertile ground for the most exotic and diverse fruits, vegetables, roots and tubers ready to be exported throughout the world. In Costa Rica you will find products that are distilled from our deepest essence, made with excellence, innovation and a passion for sustainability.

Cottle Strawberry Nursery W. NC Hwy. Customized packaging of all products to meet our customer needs is available. Quality assured and fully certified, we offer competitive pricing. With its subsidiary company of Muscadine Time, our fruit smoothies offer a value-added product contributing to our sustainability efforts. Country Fresh Mushroom Co. We are a full line producer of white, brown, specialty and organic mushrooms for retail and foodservice.

Distributor of arugula, watercress, garlic, shallots, cucumbers and other specialty produce. Crawford Packaging Page St. Crawford Packaging, a world-class North American resource for packaging automation equipment and shelf-ready retail packaging, with unmatched technical service and support.

We specialize in quality solutions focused on maximizing productivity, freshness and food safety. Creative Snacks Co. Crispy Green, Inc. Crowley – Customized Brokers N. Our experienced team can walk you through every step of the process and will help you clear your perishables fast, while mitigating risk of penalties or delays. The primary distribution is via retail channels; annually, Crunch Pak creates more than 1 billion apple slices at plants in Cashmere, WA, and New Jersey.

Crunchies Natural Food Company offers a variety of freeze-dried fruits and vegetables that are ideal for eating on their own or incorporating into recipes. Crispy Green Inc. CSO Italy is a cooperative founded in , that represents the leading companies in the Italian fruit and vegetable sector. Our members are located all over Italy and include producers and exporters, but also represent the technological supply chain: packaging, processing equipment, machinery and logistics.

CSO Italy has been created to develop synergies between operators in the Italian fruit and vegetable supply chain, to increase the competitiveness of the entire sector.

Cuasa Aldea La Esperanza Km. We deliver high quality products and a brand that represents our values, along with socially responsible practices. We design and construct the most energy-efficient ripening solutions on the market, with guaranteed uniformity. Our design-build construction approach provides optimized facility layouts to meet the needs of your produce operation.

Our products include fall ornamentals, poinsettias, Easter bulbs, spring flowers, vegetable plants, and foliage year-round.

Dandrea Produce Inc. Dandrea Produce, a grower-shipper-importer, was established in as a local farming operation in Vineland, NJ. We have since evolved into a major grower-distributor business with over employees. Our family-owned company is currently run by third- and fourth-generation members.

Our operation features a state-of-the-art ,, sq. We offer customized, locally grown programs for all sizes of retail chains. Dang Adeline St. Vincent made the dish, tasted the toasted coconut and then immediately called his family in Thailand to find more because it tasted so good. With that, a new company was born. Vincent decided to name it Dang, after his mother, since it was her recipe that started it all. Founded in the s, Danziger is a leading breeding company, combining innovation and cutting-edge technologies with family orientation.

Your one-stop shop for all your fresh produce packaging materials, specializing in netting, printed film labels and automated machinery. We know how to make everyday delicious, with organic and conventional blueberries, blackberries, raspberries and strawberries. Impress your customers with all of their favorites. Or, get creative with specialty items like cape gooseberries, red currants or pomegranate arils. De La Costa Calle Dr. Curran Company 20 Morin St. Whether you need pallets to transfer components in-plant or USDA-approved bins for food, you will find that our products offer a unique level of quality, performance and cost advantages.

We engineer our products from HDPE resin to stand the test of time. These strong, lightweight, completely reusable containers offer increased lifespan, superior corrosion resistance and virtually no maintenance. Decas Cranberry Products has been harvesting and processing superior cranberry products since Our Paradise Meadow brand consists of fresh cranberries, in season, as well as premium dried cranberries, including organic, Whole Jumbo, LeanCrans reduced sugar and OmegaCrans Omega fortified varieties for snacking.

We also offer julienne and whole dried cranberries made for cooking and baking. Our in-house design staff creates quality packaging for all levels of fresh cut flowers and potted plants that are always innovative and on trend for all seasons and holidays.

Our goal is to enhance special moments by offering our customers solutions to make their business more successful. Del Cabo Potrero St. Del Campo Supreme W. Del Campo is a 3rd-generation, family-owned business dedicated to growing the best tasting fruits and vegetables year-round. We are a vertically integrated operation with state-of-the-art greenhouses in Sinaloa and Jalisco, SQF 7-certified packing and warehouse facilities, featuring owned and operated cold storage warehouses in Nogales, AZ, and Pharr, TX.

Del Fresco Produce Ltd. One of our many strengths is our ability to adapt to our customers requests and consumer trends.

Del Rey Avocado Company S. Main Ave. Welcome to Orlando! With over 40 years of farming and marketing experience, we are uniquely qualified to deliver you the highest quality avocados from farm to table on a year-round basis. Come by and visit us at booth to also learn about the many specialty export programs and packs we offer. Have a wonderful show! Delaware Department of Agriculture S. Dupont Hwy. All of these fine farms are family owned, multi-generational operations, many growing the finest in produce.

The fertile soils of Delaware are well known for the tastiest and freshest watermelons, peaches, strawberries, sweet corn, cabbage, tomatoes, lima beans and so much more, up and down the East Coast. Delta Cargo N. Our extensive distribution network allows just-in-time deliveries of our premium quality fresh products to your doorstep. For more information call. Delta Floral has produced fresh cut, hand-tied flower bouquets and innovative premade arrangements in Los Angeles since Our family has been a supplier to mass marketers since the s.

Our focus is to take care of customers and to help build sales with everyday and holiday products. We have proven methods to help build the floral categories.

We hand select from the finest family farms for color, variety, texture, line and scent. We look forward to seeing you in Orlando. Visit us in booth Our FlashTrak Telematics wireless system with cloud-based service gives visibility of current conditions in real-time to maximize efficiency during pre-cooling, transport and in facilities.

These permanent fixtures pay for themselves with new sales. Shop our home decor-inspired container line in our trendy colors or pick your own.

Let us dress up your department in your choice custom packaging. We can help you package, ship, display and merchandise all items! Deshidratadora Marata, S. Laura Jardines del Santuario. Chihuahua, CHIH.

Devik International, Inc. Dates are one of the fastest growing produce categories. So stop by to discuss a custom marketing program that will grow this category. Deville is a solutions-oriented, manufacturing technology company that caters to food processing companies of all sizes that require hygienic, durable, practical and efficient food-cutting equipment. Deville is also the exclusive North American distributor for FAM, one of the most respected brands in the food-cutting industry.

Deville is able to provide custom-tailored industrial food cutting solutions that respond to all your needs. Diatomeas Minerales De Oocidente, S. Today, Diazteca grows over 6, acres of mangos. In addition, we represent one of the best Mexican cane sugar mills.

DiMare Fresh, Inc. Disney Consumer Products Flower St. The Walt Disney Company, together with its subsidiaries and affiliates, is a leading diversified international entertainment and media enterprise with four business segments: media networks, parks and resorts, studio entertainment, and consumer products and interactive media.

Display Pack Monroe Ave. With stock and custom designs available for fresh produce and HPP processing, our FDA-approved packaging will increases sales, make products more visible and reduce costs. Distribuidora De Productos Deshidratados, S. Avenue Los Angeles Int Dependable Packaging Solutions N.

Walk by booth to see a new approach on produce; you will enjoy your time with us. Contact Pedro Batiz Sr. Old Dixie Hwy. Our experience in growing, packing and marketing can help grow your citrus profits all year. We have been importers of Australian and Chilean citrus for more than 25 years.

Since , we have been one of the three importers of South African citrus. Visit www. Dongguan Texin Pack Printing Co. We are getting stronger in our core business. We began in in Carlsbad, California. Today, Dos Gringos is the largest ornamental sunflower company. Hard work, loyal customers and an insistence on quality product has brought us through year after year!

We admit a good share of great luck ,as well! Double Diamond Farms P. Douglas Machines Corp. Over 80 models exist to clean pans, trays, molds, parts, screens, pallets, totes, racks, bins, vats, baskets, barrels and buckets.

Batch and continuous cleaning systems are available to process several hundred to several thousand containers an hour. The dti South Africa Massachusetts Ave. Double Diamond Farms has been supplying North American consumers with premium hydroponic produce for over 40 years. At Double Diamond Farms, we hope that our unrelenting passion for healthy produce, great flavor and unsurpassed quality makes us the clear choice when choosing what is in your stores and in your homes.

Double Diamond Farms, flavor grows here. Founded in , Duda Farm Fresh Foods is in our sixth generation of family farming; we have been growing, shipping and marketing fresh fruits and vegetables for 90 years. As the fresh-cut celery leader, we are the largest grower and processor not only in the USA, but around the world. Olympic Blvd. Visit us now at www.

Lopez dupont. Durand-Wayland, Inc. Our domestic and international partnerships expand our product lines and give us access to complementary commodityand-process-specific solutions. Durham Ellis Pecan Company S. Houston St. We also process, roast and package hundreds of other nuts, dried fruits, seeds, trail mixes, chocolates and candies. We offer many different package types for the produce department fresh pack tubs, resealable zipper bags, stand up pouches and bulk.

We offer private label as well as our brand. Our main product categories are: insert trays, clamshells, punnets and trays and shakers with thousands of standard references ready to be shipped all over the world. E Foods, Inc. Take this off your to-do list and let us do the work! Eagle Cold Storage S. The covers are used by airlines, perishables distributors and 3PLs worldwide and offer proven performance with real benefits from a trusted brand.

Eagle Eye Produce E. Eagle Eye Produce ships over 1 billion pounds of premium, fresh produce annually. All of this produce comes fresh from the thousands of acres that Eagle Eye Produce farms, along with our growing partners in North and South America. Our mission is to provide our customers with the highest quality produce, fused with the best customer service experience available in our industry. Eagle Eye Produce is dedicated to growing healthy foods for you! Parker whitewave.

Earthbound Farm began more than 30 years ago in a little backyard garden with a big commitment to organic farming. Visit us for recipes and more at earthboundfarm.

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Windows 10 1703 download iso itasca bankruptcy chapter.BY W. H. C. FOLSOM.

Contamination and Risk. You read these terms in the headlines almost every day. No executive expects their company to be caught up in food safety crisis — but it happens. Are you prepared? This session will enable you with tools and knowledge that will help you avoid a food safety crisis and to effectively deal with one if it occurs. Do your employees fear change — or embrace it? Can you build capacity for change directly into the core of your organization? This session will explore how you can prepare your employees for change, help them adapt to it, and avoid fear and overload.

A proprietary industry report holds the keys. Schwartz and Sons, Inc. Vandenberg, Inc. Together, we are changing the way we market fresh produce in North America. Amco Produce Inc. Armstrong Produce Ltd. Lakeside Produce Mucci Farms Ltd. Procacci Brothers Produce Packaging Inc. Progressive Produce Corp. Rohrer Bros. Sbrocco International Inc. Wada Farms Wileman Bros. Retailers Welcoming eat brighter! The retailers in bold have received their own licensing to display eat brighter!

To find the shuttle bus pickup location at your hotel, ask the front desk, concierge, or bell captain. For official evening receptions, the buses will go directly to the hotel in which the function is scheduled. Look for signage in participating hotels for additional details.

These hotels are not included in the shuttle service: Hyatt Regency Orlando Rosen Center Hotel Rosen Plaza Hotel. Shuttle Bus Routes Use the corresponding hotel numbers below to locate hotels on the map. Hotels are listed in order of route pick up. Estimated Travel Time: 45 minutes Estimated Travel Time: 25 minutes Homewood Suites Fountain by Residence Inn Estimated Travel Time: 60 minutes 9.

Westgate Palace Curbside on Universal Blvd. Estimated Travel Time: 30 minutes 4. Note: Shuttle schedule may vary due to traffic and weather conditions. Estimated Travel Time: 30 minutes 5. Wyndham Orlando Resort Convention Entrance 3.

Buena Vista Palace Convention Entrance. Westgate Lakes Resort Front of Pavilion. Executive Office: P. Box , Yakima, WA Telephone: 1. When your perishable cargo needs to preserve its sweetness.

Strengthen your marketing plan with the influence of an internationally recognized and trusted brand! The eat brighter! Using well-known licensed character images in your marketing efforts can typically cost millions of dollars. You can still join the movement! Contact us for details. The low cost and high benefits of eat brighter! Applying is easy. Just choose one of the following:.

Como resultado de ello, las empresas de alimentos colaboran con los consumidores y los socios de la cadena de suministro, aprovechando las tendencias y las ideas para desarrollar y ofrecer los productos que los compradores desean.

No se pierda la oportunidad de descubrirlo. Comunidad de Conexiones Globales El poder de las frutas y vegetales frescos Sala W Las frutas y vegetales frescos son un gran negocio para los minoristas de alimentos. Un informe privado de la industria tiene la clave. NNZ Inc. From our orchards in California…….. Walnuts Almonds Walnuts. Our Newest Items…….. Sun Glazed Walnuts in multiple flavors for snacking or or in youir favorite recipes.

Try these in our PMA booth The mild climate and fertile soil are perfect for growing top quality nuts. We carefully manage our orchards to ensure that only the finest products reach our customers. Center for Growing Talent by PMA ayudando a atraer, desarrollar, y retener el talento en la industria. Publicidad en fresh, a traves de oportunidades en eventos, etc. Participantes de eat brighter! Minoristas que dan la bienvenida a frutas y vegetales frescos con la marca eat brighter!

Busque los indicadores en los hoteles participantes para obtener detalles adicionales. Amarillo — Recorrido Cuatro Tiempo estimado de viaje: 40 minutos Renaissance Orlando at SeaWorld entrada norte Hilton Grand Vacations Club puesto de vigilancia Tiempo estimado de viaje: 20 minutos Tiempo estimado de viaje: 45 minutos Rosen Shingle Creek en la acera en el frente del hotel Vista Cay Resort en la acera de Cayview Avenue Las Palmeras by Hilton carril extemo para autobuses afuera del lobby.

Tiempo estimado de viaje: 25 minutos Residence inn Convention Center fuente del Residence Inn Homewood Suites fuente del Residence Inn Tiempo estimado de viaje: 30 minutos 5. Crowne Plaza Hotel en la acera de Universal Blvd.

The Castle Hotel en la acera de Universal Blvd. Azul — Recorrido Dos Tiempo estimado de viaje: 30 minutos 4. Embassy Suites Convention Center parada n. Avanti Resort caminatas a parada n. Rosen Inn at Pointe Orlando parada n.

Four Points City en la acera de I Drive Westgate Palace en la acera de Universal Blvd. Blanco — Recorrido Nueve Tiempo estimado de viaje: 30 minutos Sheraton Lake Buena Vista Resort entrada principal 2. Morado — Recorrido Diez Tiempo estimado de viaje: 25 minutos Services, Inc.

With forty distinct and long lasting fragrances in our portfolio, defining and delivering scented decor has been a primary factor in our yearround success. A Georgia company, we are located in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains, where we continue to set the standards in quality as we produce and deliver the finest in oil scented brooms, pine cones, wreaths and potpourri.

Saint Joseph St. Proven in the Packinghouse. A-ROO Company has manufactured and distributed packaging for produce, floral, herbs, candy and nuts for nearly fifty years. A-ROO provides solutions to retailers with ideas, marketing and packaging that will help grow retail sales and the industry.

We work with retailers to develop new products and branding to grow floral and produce sales. A-ROO innovates! While every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of data within this publication, the publisher cannot be held responsible for errors or omissions. Westland is the right location for your operations, where your company has room for growth, with similar businesses, an optimal infrastructure and inspiring synergy. Able Freight Services W. Our offices employ experienced professionals, the best resources and the latest technologies to transport shipments across the globe effectively while maintaining the cold chain.

We are a recognized authority utilizing the cold-chain. Accursio Farms N. Adnaturam, S. Calle 59 x Conkal Centro. Conkal, YUC. Advanced Ripening Technologies Island Pkwy. Advanced Ripening Technologies specializes in the design, development and installation of pressurized ripening systems. Aerial Bouquets S. Outer 40 Road, Ste. Aerial Bouquets has been committed to bringing you the Best of the Best for 30 years with a variety of merchandise including balloons, plush, gift items and our new candy bouquet line.

In addition to our diverse product line, Aerial Bouquets also offers extensive sales support and category management to ensure your balloon program has complete support. Being a wholesale-only distributor also enables us to offer the most competitive pricing in the industry. Marion Ave. We are a labor consulting company specializing in agriculture and agribusiness. Ag-Pak Inc. Ag-Pak has proudly supplied packaging equipment to the produce industry for over 50 years.

We provide industry leading weighing, bagging, and optical grading equipment featuring the Newtec product line. Ag-Pak also has a dedicated and talented technical service staff that provides exceptional onsite and remote support.

Please visit us in booth to learn more about our company and products! AGAP Av. AGQ Labs is an international network of laboratories that specializes in agronomy and food testing services. In food testing, AGQ expertise is in chemical contaminants with standard pesticide residue results in under 48 hours. Agricola Coscomatepec, S. Since , DATATRACK has helped hundreds of growers accurately and easily collect real-time data on production, time and attendance, traceability and labor efficiency.

Results are exported to payroll and accounting software and are also available through dozens of built-in time and production reports. Sistemas para control de mano de obra en el campo y en el empaque. Agroexport Internacional, S. Agropecuaria Citlaltepetl, S. Agroproductores del Moral S. Aguacates Echartea Hermanos, S. AgNet Media S. Macario Gaxiola Nte. El Parque. Redondo Beach Blvd.

Airgas th Ave. Your business needs an uninterrupted helium supply to keep customers happy and profits soaring. Our extensive U. Industrial Pkwy. By protecting against pathogenic, airborne cross contamination, the potential possibility of food recalls is greatly reduced, while ensuring maximum shelf life and maintaining optimum product integrity. Alco Designs is a manufacturer of supermarket displays.

Specializing in wood, steel and plastic, our products are used in the fresh departments of the store to improve product presentation, optimize inventory and maximize profits. We also have a complete, in-house design department able to assist you in new product design and store layouts to maximize department sales. Alderman Farms P. Coker freshfromflorida.

Alegra Via G. It exports fresh produce to more than 55 countries worldwide and offers over 80 products from high quality to organic, including: plums, stone fruit, pears, grapes, kiwi green and gold. Alegra offers quantity, services like tailored supply projects, development of category managements, product and packaging innovations and quality, merchandising, and post-sales assistance.

Its flexible and dynamic attitude makes Alegra a qualified and reliable partner. And in every bag, you will always find great nutrition! The company works with more than 75 family-owned grower operators, representing 10, acres of Michigan apple orchards and processing more than 20 percent of all the apples grown in the state.

Home to the Rocket Ship Balloon Program, the most comprehensive balloon program in the United States, includes guaranteed sales. Now delivering helium in all 50 states. A valued partner to the floral industry since Allen Lund Company is a third-party transportation broker working with shippers, growers and carriers across the nation to arrange the transport of dry, refrigerated and flatbed freight.

Alliance Rubber Company W. Market St. Alliance Rubber Company, based out of Hot Springs, AR, has been supplying high-quality and innovative rubber products around the world since With 2, products in the markets of 55 countries, Alliance is a leader in the rubber industry.

Innovative rubber products can be found in and useful to several different industries, including food and produce. Find out more about Alliance on rubberband. In addition to potatoes, Alsum packs onions, sweet potatoes and other locally grown products.

Alta Energy, Inc. Allround Vegetable Processing Dutch Valley Partners offers vegetable processing lines that solve the process, complete turnkey lines or single machines and vegetable washers and polishers. Alpine Fresh, Inc. Alta Energy is a renewable energy analytics and procurement company that enables agricultural operators and property owners to make clear, rational decisions about when, where and how to deploy renewable solutions.

We help our clients identify the opportunities that exist at their properties, fully assess these opportunities, and develop and procure customized solutions that meet their unique requirements—resulting in the best possible outcomes for our clients.

From the germinated seed to our final premium crop, we have complete control over the growing, packing and shipping of our products to assure consistent quality and food safety to our valued consumers. Our ability to consistently deliver impeccable service and provide our consumers with the finest fresh produce, makes it easy for you to eat nutrient-rich, flavorful food— days a year.

American Blueberries is a marketing company specializing in blueberry marketing for 14 southeastern North Carolina growers from May 1 through July. In , American Blueberries marketed over 10,, pounds during this period. American Consolidation N. Our team has been handling produce for over 30 years. Amerijet International, Inc. Anagram International is the leader in foil balloons with the largest offering in licensed and nonlicensed designs.

Check out our new merchandising options to fit your needs. Let us customize merchandising programs for floral, bakery, stationery and check-outs, or any other place in your stores. Quality times quantity is our formula, and, as a result, we are the fastest growing news provider for the fresh produce industry in North America.

Each and every day, Andy Boy celebrates its ability to bring healthful products to families across North America and throughout the world, while maintaining that family-owned, local feel that our consumers and customers have come to embrace and appreciate. Ap Fob, S. Providencia Our growers include: International Greenhouse Produce S.

Jala, Nayarit. APEM Urb. Main St. Apio, Inc. Visit booth to view our new products for Fall ! Apofruit Italia is a cooperative enterprise operating on the international market for more than 40 years, with its own structures and producer-members from the north to the south of Italy.

We have experienced constant growth, with our mission of acquiring top specialization in the main Italian fruit and vegetable products, offering quality and differentiation of supply, product and process innovation, services customized for modern sales channels and organizational and management efficiency in running the company. Our professional, qualified team of engineers, project managers, superintendents and architects are capable of designing and building the most demanding projects anywhere in the country.

We pride ourselves in offering the most cost-effective, single source, turnkey solutions and adding value to every project. Adams St. Our training program continues to evolve, setting a new standard for safe food-handling practices in the produce industry.

ArizonaEast W. Summer Ave. Could you just kiss a cute little cactus? Do tillandsias tickle your fancy? Are you ready to hedge your bets on some lucky bamboo? See our terrariums, planters, container gardens and more at booth Ark Foods P. The mission of Ark Foods is to bring interesting produce to everyone at accessible price points. All our produce is grown in the USA. We use non-GMO seeds and sustainable methods. We grow a limited number of acres to ensure that all our products receive the care they deserve.

This is how we stay true to our purpose: to feed vegetable curiosity to everyone, everywhere. Come by our booth to check out our wholesale and retail lines of curious peppers, cucumbers, eggplants, and tomatoes.

The Arkansas Agriculture Department is proud to showcase a sampling of Arkansas produce growers and their products. Located in the heart of the nation, Arkansas is blessed with an abundance of productive farmland, reliable water sources and proven producers.

Armellini Express Lines, Inc. As an innovative leader in logistics services for perishable products, Armellini has provided Service Beyond Expectation since Choose us to be your reliable, refrigerated carrier and partner to successfully service your customers and grow your business nationwide!

Aroma One is a range of natural and squeezy herbs and spices. Why use fillers and other nasties, when you can go pure and simple? Our products are made with pure herbs, olive oil and a dash of lemon juice. They are GMO-free, all natural, allergen-free and fork to plate: no need to refrigerate them, they are shelf stable. Fresh herbs in your cupboard not your fridge! Bring life back into your cooking! Add them into your foods and boost flavors like never before. Come and squeeze the goodness out of us!

Juan Carrasco Aspen Produce P. Aspen Produce LLC is a grower, packer and shipper of fresh market potatoes. Since , we have been known for premium potatoes. Our potatoes are grown in a high alpine valley in Southern Colorado. Located in Center, Colorado, we operate as a year-round shipper specializing in consumer packs and counts of russet, red and yellow varieties as well as bulk.

We ship internationally as well as domestically. Please contact Dwayne Weyers or Mike Bonemeyer for any of your potato needs. Astin Strawberry Exchange P. Astin Brand Companies has grown from a small, locally focused farm to a 1,acre farm that produces over 40 million pounds of fruit each season. Located in Plant City and Wimauma, FL, Astin harvests blueberries and conventional and organic strawberries and owns two packing and cooling facilities to handle the marketing and distribution of its crops.

Consumers can find Astin produce in grocery stores in the U. ATAGO is a world-leading optical instrument manufacturer. We have been specializing in refractometers since , and our products are acclaimed for precision, user-friendliness, and rugged durability.

For over 10 years, our digital PAL-1 refractometer has been the mainstay for checking the Brix of fresh produce. ATAGO also manufactures bench and in-line refractometers for related processes such as pre-washes, cut produce shelf-life extenders, wastewater lines and more.

Atlas Produce and Dist. We specialize in large, Californiagrown Medjool dates, date coconut rolls, date almond rolls, Deglet Noor and chopped dates. Our team is dedicated to food safety, environmental responsibility, quality and service. For more information on products and services, please visit us at booth Aurora Products Inc.

Our products contain no preservatives, artificial colors or additives. Aurora World, Inc. Since our establishment in , we have become a respected leader in the industry. We sell our products to a wide variety of retailers including grocery, florists and gift stores worldwide. Aurora boasts 3 elements: design leadership, brand power and global networking. Automated Packaging Systems Philipp Pkwy.

The Revolution is engineered specifically for flexibility, functionality and reliability in food packaging environments that require daily wash-down procedures. Operating at speeds up to inches per minute in continuous, intermittent or batch modes, the system is ideal for packaging fresh produce, frozen and IQF meats, seafood, snacks and more. Apatzingan-Aguililla km 7. Avo Hass Colima, S.

Real Bugambilias. Ayco Farms Inc. Avo Select, S. Estatal Libre Cd. Margen Izquierdo km. Our vessel shipping lanes supply our multiple distribution centers with the freshest product daily! We are the only melon importer part of the Rain Forest Alliance. We have redesigned our sales operation to ensure industry leading quality and service to our customers. Babia is a Mexican grower-shipper-processor of broccoli, cauliflower, nappa, Brussels sprouts and celery, with operations in the U.

We are vertically integrated from field to market, with most of the production in the state of Guanajuato, and with two packing and processing facilities which are Primus GFS-certified near our fields. We are able to deliver fresh products with great quality you can trust. Avocados from Mexico E. Colinas, Ste. Awe Sum Organics Locust St. Aypek plastic packaging ensures an extended shelf life while maintaining produce freshness, taste and nutritional value.

Aypek packaging by Lifepack and Agrolife brands provide packaging solutions to national and international fresh fruit traders. The packaging material is additionally supported with other proper post-harvest technologies and consultancy. Our mission begins when you harvest your produce and continues until it reaches the consumer. Established in , Awe Sum Organics is the largest Southern Hemisphere importer of organic apples, grapes, kiwifruit and pears in North America, and one of the first and largest importers of organic blueberries from the Southern Hemisphere.

Through strong grower partnerships, import expertise and strategic planning, Awe Sum Organics brings consistent supply, quality and service to North American retailers and distributors. Aweta Americas E. Aypek Packaging Nosab sedir cad no. Back to the Roots 2nd St. Bailey Farms, Inc. Bailey Farms has been growing and packing top quality specialty peppers with year-round production for over 25 years.

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Croix Canal Waterways Convention, E. Durant’s Valuable Statistics Resolution for St. Croix Ice Boats James W. Mullen’s Reminiscences, St. Croix Rev. Julius S. Scott, Maj. Anderson, and Jeff. Davis Jeff. Military History of the Rebellion, to Gov. After mature deliberation we concluded to go West. Returning to Bloomfield, I collected the money held for me by Capt. Ruel Weston and was soon in readiness for the journey.

But a few days before the time agreed upon for leaving, I received a letter from Simeon Goodrich, which contained the unpleasant information that he could not collect the amount due him and could not go with me. Truly this was a disappointment. I was obliged to set out alone, no light undertaking at that early day, for as yet there were no long lines of railroad between Maine and the Mississippi river.

The day at last arrived for me to start. My companions and acquaintances chaffed me as to the perils of the journey before me. My mother gave me her parting words, “William, always respect yourself in order to be respected. The stage took us directly to the steamboat at Gardiner.

The steam was up and the boat was soon under way. It was the New England, the first boat of the kind I had ever seen. I felt strangely unfamiliar with the ways of the traveling world, but observed what others did, and asked no questions, and so fancied that my ignorance of traveling customs would not be exposed.

It was sunset as we floated out into the wide expanse of the Atlantic. The western horizon was tinged with fiery hues, the shores grew fainter and receded from view and the eye could rest at last only upon the watery expanse. All [Pg 2] things seemed new and strange. Next morning a heavy fog hung over the scene. The vessel was at anchor in Boston harbor and we were soon on shore and threading the crooked streets of the capital of Massachusetts.

I was not lost in the wilderness maze of streets, as I had feared I should be, but on leaving Boston on the evening train I took the wrong car and found myself uncomfortably situated in a second or third class car, crowded and reeking with vile odors, from which the conductor rescued me, taking me to the pleasant and elegant car to which my first class ticket entitled me.

On arriving at Providence I followed the crowd to the landing and embarked on the steamer President for New York, in which city we remained a day, stopping at the City Hotel on Broadway. I was greatly impressed with the beauty of part of the city, and the desolate appearance of the Burnt District, concerning the burning of which we had read in our winter camp.

I was not a little puzzled with the arrangement of the hotel tables and the printed bills of fare, but closely watched the deportment of others and came through without any serious or mortifying blunder. Stevens for Albany, and on the evening of the same day went to Schenectady by railroad. Some of the way cars were hauled by horses up hills and inclined planes. There were then only three short lines of railroad in the United States, and I had traveled on two of them.

At Schenectady I took passage on a canal boat to Buffalo. I had read about “De Witt Clinton’s Ditch,” and now greatly enjoyed the slow but safe passage it afforded, and the rich prospect of cities, villages and cultivated fields through which we passed. At Buffalo we remained but one day. We there exchanged eastern paper for western, the former not being current in localities further west.

At Buffalo I caught my first glimpse of Lake Erie. I stood upon a projecting pier and recalled, in imagination, the brave Commodore Perry, gallantly defending his country’s flag in one of the most brilliant engagements of the war, the fame whereof had long been familiar to the whole country and the thrilling incidents of which were the theme of story and song even in the wilderness camps of Maine.

The steamer Oliver Newberry bore me from Buffalo to Detroit. From Detroit to Mt. Clemens, Michigan, I went by stage and stopped at the last named place until October 14th, when, being [Pg 3] satisfied that the climate was unhealthy, fever and ague being very prevalent, I returned to Detroit, and on the fifteenth of the same month took passage on the brig Indiana, as steamers had quit running for the season.

The brig was aground two days and nights on the St. Clair flats. A south wind gave us a splendid sail up the Detroit river into Lake Huron. We landed for a short time at Fort Gratiot, at the outlet of the lake, just as the sun was setting. The fort was built of stone, and presented an impressive appearance. The gaily uniformed officers, the blue-coated soldiers, moving with the precision of machines, the whole scene—the fort, the waving flags, the movement of the troops seen in the mellow sunset light—was impressive to one who had never looked upon the like before.

A favorable breeze springing up, we sped gaily out into the blue Lake Huron. At Saginaw bay the pleasant part of the voyage ended. The weather became rough. A strong gale blew from the bay outward, and baffled all the captain’s skill in making the proper direction.

Profane beyond degree was Capt. McKenzie, but his free-flowing curses availed him nothing. The brig at one time was so nearly capsized that her deck load had rolled to one side and held her in an inclined position. The captain ordered most of the deck load, which consisted chiefly of Chicago liquors, thrown overboard.

Unfortunately, several barrels were saved, two of which stood on deck, with open heads. This liquor was free to all. The vessel, lightened of a great part of her load, no longer careened, but stood steady against the waves and before the wind.

It is a pity that the same could not be said of captain, crew and passengers, who henceforth did the careening. They dipped the liquor up in pails and drank it out of handled dippers. They got ingloriously drunk; they rolled unsteadily across the deck; they quarreled, they fought, they behaved like Bedlamites, and how near shipwreck was the goodly brig from that day’s drunken debauch on Chicago free liquor will never be known.

The vessel toiled, the men were incapacitated for work, but notwithstanding the tempest of profanity and the high winds, the wrangling of crew and captain, we at last passed Saginaw bay. The winds were more favorable. Thence to Mackinaw the sky was clear and bright, the air cold. The night before reaching Mackinaw an unusual disturbance occurred above resulting from the abundance of free liquor.

The cook, being [Pg 4] drunk, had not provided the usual midnight supper for the sailors. The key of the caboose was lost; the caboose was broken open, and the mate in the morning was emulating the captain in the use of profane words.

The negro cook answered in the same style, being as drunk as his superior. This cook was a stout, well built man, with a forbidding countenance and, at his best, when sober, was a saucy, ill-natured and impertinent fellow. When threat after threat had been hurled back and forth, the negro jumped at the mate and knocked him down.

The sailors, as by a common impetus, seized the negro, bound him tightly and lashed him to a capstan. On searching him they found two loaded pistols. These the mate placed close to each ear of the bound man, and fired them off. They next whipped him on the naked back with a rope.

His trunk was then examined and several parcels of poison were found. Another whipping was administered, and this time the shrieks and groans of the victim were piteous. Before he had not even winced. The monster had prepared himself to deal death alike to crew and passengers, and we all felt a great sense of relief when Capt. McKenzie delivered him to the authorities at Mackinaw. Antique Mackinaw was a French and half-breed town. The houses were built of logs and had steep roofs.

Trading posts and whisky shops were well barred. The government fort, neatly built and trim, towered up above the lake on a rocky cliff and overlooked the town, the whole forming a picturesque scene. We remained but a few hours at Mackinaw. There were ten cabin passengers, and these, with two exceptions, had imbibed freely of the Chicago free liquor. They were also continually gambling.

McKenzie had fought a fist fight with a deadhead passenger, Capt. Fox, bruising him badly. What with his violence and profanity, the brutality of the mate and the drunken reveling of crew and passengers, the two sober passengers had but a sorry time, but the safe old brig, badly officered, badly managed, held steadily on its course, and October 30th, fifteen days from Detroit, safely landed us in Chicago.

Chicago, since become a great city, had at that time the appearance of an active, growing village. Thence I proceeded, November 1st and 2d, by stage to Milwaukee, which appeared also as a village, but somewhat overgrown. Idle men were numerous, hundreds not being able to obtain employment. Here I remained a couple of weeks, stopping at the Belleview House. After which I chopped wood a few days for Daniel Wells. Not finding suitable employment, I started west with a Mr. Rogers, December 2d. There being no other means of conveyance, we traveled on foot.

The evening following we stopped at an Irish house, where the surroundings did not conduce to comfort or to a feeling of security. Several drunken men kept up a continuous row. We hid our money in a haystack, and took our turn sleeping and keeping watch. We ate an early breakfast, and were glad to get away before the men who had created such a disturbance during the night were up. We moved onward on the seventh to Blue Mound, where we found a cheerful resting place at Brigham’s. The eighth brought us to Dodgeville, where we stopped at Morrison’s.

On the ninth we reached Mineral Point, the locality of the lead mines, where I afterward lost much time in prospecting. Mineral Point was then a rude mining town. The night of our arrival was one of excitement and hilarity in the place. The first legislature of the territory of Wisconsin had been in session at Belmont, near Mineral Point, had organized the new government and closed its session on that day.

In view of the almost certain division of the Territory, with the Mississippi river as a [Pg 6] boundary, at no very distant day, it was agreed that Madison should be the permanent capital, while Burlington, now in Iowa, should be used temporarily.

Milwaukee and Green Bay had both aspired to the honor of being chosen as the seat of government. Mineral Point, with her rich mines, had also aspirations, as had Cassville, which latter named village had even built a great hotel for the accommodation of the members of the assembly. Dubuque put in a claim, but all in vain. Madison was chosen, and wisely, and she has ever since succeeded in maintaining the supremacy then thrust upon her. In my boyhood, at school, I had read of the great Northwest Territory.

The greeting on our entering the city was the ringing of bells, the clattering of tin pans, the tooting of ox horns, sounds earthly and unearthly,—sounds no man can describe. What could it be? Was it for the benefit of two humble, footsore pedestrians that all this uproar was produced?

We gave it up for the time, but learned subsequently that it was what is known as a charivari, an unmusical and disorderly serenade, generally gotten up for the benefit of some newly married couple, whose nuptials had not met with popular approval. At Galena I parted with Mr. Rogers, my traveling companion, who went south. On the fifteenth of December I traveled to Dubuque on foot.

As I review the incidents of my journey in , I can not but contrast the conditions of that era and the present. How great the change in half a century! The journey then required thirty days. It now requires but three. I had passed over but two short lines of railroad, and had made the journey by canal boat, by steamer, by stage, and a large portion of it on foot. There were few regularly established lines of travel. From Michigan to the Mississippi there were no stages nor were there any regular southern routes.

Travelers to the centre of the continent, in those days, came either by the water route, via New Orleans or the Fox and Wisconsin river route, or followed Indian trails or blazed lines from one settlement to another. The homes of the settlers were rude—were built principally of logs. In forest regions the farms consisted of clearings or square patches of open ground, well dotted with stumps and surrounded by a dense growth of timber.

The prairies, except around the margins or along certain belts of timber following the course of streams, were without inhabitants. Hotels were few and far between, and, when found, not much superior to the cabins of the settlers; but the traveler was always and at all places hospitably entertained.

Dubuque was a town of about three hundred inhabitants, attracted thither by the lead mines. The people were principally of the mining class. The prevailing elements amongst them were Catholic and Orange Irish. These two parties were antagonistic and would quarrel on the streets or wherever brought in contact. Sundays were especially days of strife, and Main [Pg 8] street was generally the field of combat. Women even participated. There was no law, there were no police to enforce order.

The fight went on, the participants pulling hair, gouging, biting, pummeling with fists or pounding with sticks, till one or the other party was victorious. These combats were also accompanied with volleys of profanity, and unlimited supplies of bad whisky served as fuel to the flame of discord.

Dubuque was certainly the worst town in the West, and, in a small way, the worst in the whole country. The entire country west of the Mississippi was without law, the government of Wisconsin Territory not yet being extended to it. Justice, such as it was, was administered by Judge Lynch and the mob. My first employment was working a hand furnace for smelting lead ore for a man named Kelly, a miner and a miser.

On February 11th I went to Cassville, journeying thither on the ice. This village had flourished greatly, in the expectation of becoming the territorial and state capital, expectations doomed, as we have seen, to disappointment. It is romantically situated amidst picturesque bluffs, some of which tower aloft like the walls and turrets of an ancient castle, a characteristic that attaches to much of the bluff scenery along this point.

I reached this old French town on the twelfth of February. The town and settlement adjacent extended over a prairie nine miles long, and from one to two miles broad, a beautiful plateau of land, somewhat sandy, but for many years abundantly productive, furnishing supplies to traders and to the military post established there.

It also furnished two cargoes of grain to be used as seed by the starving settlement at Selkirk, which were conveyed thither by way of the Mississippi, St. Peter and Red rivers. The earliest authentic mention of the place refers to the establishment of a post called St. Nicholas, on the east bank of the Mississippi, at the mouth of the Wisconsin, by Gov. De La Barre, who, in , sent Nicholas Perrot with a garrison of twenty men to hold the post.

The first official document laying claim to the country on the Upper Mississippi, issued in , has mention of the fort. This document we transcribe entire:. Croix, and at the mouth of the river St. Pierre Minnesota , on the bank of which were the Mantantans; and further up to the interior to the northeast of the Mississippi, as far as the Menchokatoux, with whom dwell the majority of the Songeskitens, and other Nadouessioux, who are to the northeast of the Mississippi, to take possession for, and in the name of, the king of the countries and rivers inhabited by the said tribes, and of which they are proprietors.

It was probably garrisoned near the close of the latter period. It remained in the possession of the French some time, as the English, thinking it impossible to compete for the commerce of the Indian tribes with the French traders who had intermarried with them, and so acquired great influence, did not take actual possession until many years later. The post is occasionally mentioned by the early voyageurs, and the prairie which it commanded was known as the “Prairie du Chien,” or praire of the dog, as early as , and is so mentioned by Carver.

It was not formally taken possession of by the United States until , when Gov. Clarke with two hundred men came up from St. Louis to Prairie du Chien, then under [Pg 11] English rule, to build a fort and protect American interests at the village.

At that time there were about fifty families, descended chiefly from the old French settlers. These were engaged chiefly in farming, owning a common field four miles long by a half mile wide. They had outside of this three separate farms and twelve horse mills to manufacture their produce.

The fort, held by a few British troops under Capt. Deace, surrendered without resistance, but soon after the British traders at Mackinaw sent an expedition under Joe Rolette, Sr. They were followed by the Indians as far as Rock Island. Meanwhile, Lieut. Campbell, with reinforcements on his way from St. Louis, was attacked, part were captured and the remainder of his troops driven back to St.

Late in Maj. Zachary Taylor proceeded with gunboats to chastize the Indians for their attack on Campbell, but was himself met and driven back. The following year, on the declaration of peace between Great Britain and America, the post at Prairie du Chien was evacuated. The garrison fired the fort as they withdrew from it.

The fort erected by the Americans under Gen. Clarke in was called Fort Shelby. The British, on capturing it, changed the name to Fort McKay. The Americans, on assuming possession and rebuilding it, named it Fort Crawford. It stood on the bank of the river at the north end of St.

Zachary Taylor. Many officers, who subsequently won distinction in the Florida Indian, Mexican, and late Civil War, were stationed here from time to time. Within a time included in my own recollections of the post, Jefferson Davis spirited away the daughter of his commanding officer, Gen.

Taylor, and married her, the “rough and ready” general being averse to the match. By that name it has been known and recognized [Pg 12] ever since. It has been successively under the French, English and United States governments, and lying originally in the great Northwestern Territory, in the subsequent divisions of that immense domain, it has been included within the bounds of the territories of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin. Fisher and —— Campbell as justices of the peace, the first civil commissions issued for the American government in the entire district of country including West Wisconsin and Minnesota east of the Mississippi.

Prior to this time, about , the inhabitants had been chiefly under military rule. In the county of Crawford was organized as a part of Michigan Territory, and blank commissions were issued to Nicholas Boilvin, Esq. Johnson was installed as chief justice of the county court. The entire corps of officers were qualified.

In January, , Congress passed an act providing for circuit courts in the counties west and north of Lake Michigan, and James Duane Doty was appointed judge for the district composed of Brown, Mackinaw and Crawford counties, and a May term was held in Prairie du Chien the same year. Indian Troubles. There were other incidents which may be worthy of separate mention. In an entire family, named Methode, were murdered, as is supposed, by the Indians, though the murderers were never identified.

The great incentive to violence and rapine with the Indians was whisky. An intelligent Winnebago, aged about sixty years, told me that “paganini,” “firewater” whisky , was killing the great majority of his people, and making fools and cripples of those that were left; that before the pale faces came to the big river his people were good hunters and had plenty to eat; that now they were drunken, lazy and hungry; that they once wore elk or deer skins, that now they were clad in blankets or went naked.

This Indian I had never seen drunk. The American Fur Company had huts or open houses where the Indians might drink and revel. At an Indian payment a young, smart looking Indian got [Pg 13] drunk and in a quarrel killed his antagonist. The friends of the murdered Indian held a council and determined that the murderer should have an opportunity of running for his life. The friends of the murdered Indian formed in a line, at the head of which was stationed the brother of the dead man, who was to lead in the pursuit.

At a signal the bands of the prisoner were cut, and with a demoniacal yell he bounded forward, the entire line in swift and furious pursuit. Should he outrun his pursuers, he would be free; should they overtake and capture him, they were to determine the mode of his death. He ran nearly a mile when he tripped and fell. The brother of the dead Indian, heading the pursuit, pounced upon him and instantly killed him with a knife. Considering the fact that the Indians were gathered together under the guns of a United States fort, and under the protection of a law expressly forbidding the sale of intoxicating liquors to them, the people of the United States were certainly justified in expecting better results, not only in regard to the protection of the frontier settlers but for that of the Indians themselves.

All came to naught because of the non-enforcement of law. Liquors were shamelessly sold to the Indians and they were encouraged to drunken revelry and orgies by the very men who should have protected and restrained them. The prosperity of Prairie du Chien depended upon the Indian trade, and upon government contracts which the presence of a military force rendered necessary. The Indians gathered here in great numbers. Here the Winnebagoes, part of the Menomonies and some Chippewas received their annuities, and here centred also an immense trade from the American Fur Company, the depot being a large stone building on the banks of the Mississippi, under the charge of Hercules Dousman.

Two discharged soldiers Thompson and Evans living at Patch Grove, thirteen miles away, visited the fort often. On a morning after one of their visits a soldier on guard noticed a heap of fresh earth near the magazine. An alarm was given, an examination made, and it was found that the magazine had been burst open with bars and sledge hammers, entrance having been [Pg 14] obtained by digging under the corner picket.

The kegs had been passed through the excavation underneath the picket. One keg had burst open near the picket, and the silver was found buried in the sand. The second keg burst on the bank of the Mississippi, and all the money was found buried there except about six hundred dollars.

On opening the keg it was found to contain coin of a different kind from that advertised as stolen. Brinkman, however, made no claims on account of errors. Thompson, Evans, and a man named Shields were arrested by the civil authorities on suspicion; their trial was continued from term to term and they were at last dismissed.

The defendant was therefore fined three dollars for the geese killed, and eight dollars for the goslings that might have been hatched if the geese had been permitted to live, and costs besides.

Plaintiff appealed to the district court which reversed the decision on the ground that plaintiff had eaten his geese, and the goslings, not being hatched, did not exist. Plaintiff paid the costs of the suit, forty-nine dollars, remarking that a Dutchman had no chance in this country; that he would go back to Germany.

The judge remarked that it would be the best thing he could do. My original plan on leaving Maine was to make a prospecting tour through the West and South. I had been in Prairie du Chien for a season, and as soon as my contract to cut hay for the fort and my harvesting work was done. I started, with two of my comrades, in a birch bark canoe for New Orleans. This mode of traveling proving slow and tedious, after two days, on our arrival at Dubuque, we sold our canoe and took passage on the steamer Smelter for St.

Louis, which place we reached on the seventeenth of October. We remained five days, stopping at the Union Hotel. Louis was by far the finest and largest city I had yet seen in the West. Its levee was crowded with drays and other vehicles and lined with steamers and barges. Its general appearance betokened prosperity. On the twenty-second, I left on the steamer George Collier for New Orleans, but the yellow fever being reported in that city, I remained several days at Baton Rouge.

I remained fifteen days, my money gradually diminishing, when I concluded to try the interior. I took steamer for Vicksburg, and thence passed up the Yazoo to Manchester, where I spent two days in the vain search for employment, offering to do any kind of work.

I was in the South, where the labor was chiefly done by negroes. I was friendless and without letters of recommendation, and for a man under such circumstances to be asking for employment was in itself a suspicious circumstance. I encountered everywhere coldness and distrust. I returned to Vicksburg, and, fortunately, had still enough money left to secure a deck passage to the North, but was obliged to [Pg 16] live sparingly, and sleep without bedding. I kept myself somewhat aloof from the crew and passengers.

The captain and clerk commented on my appearance, and were, as I learned from a conversation that I could not help but overhear, keeping a close eye upon me for being so quiet and restrained.

It was true that the western rivers were infested with desperate characters, gamblers and thieves such as the Murrell gang. Might I not be one of them. I was truly glad when, on the fifth of December, we landed at St. It seemed nearer my own country; but finding no employment there, I embarked on the steamer Motto for Hennepin, Illinois, where I found occasional employment cutting timber.

There was much talk here of the Murrell gang, then terrorizing the country; and I have good reason to believe that some of them at that time were in Hennepin.

After remaining about two months, I left, on foot, valise in hand or strapped upon my back, with J. Simpson, for Galena, which place we reached in four days. Finding here Mr.

Putnam, with a team, I went up with him on the ice to Prairie du Chien, where, after an absence of five months of anxiety, suspense and positive hardships, I was glad to find myself once more among friends.

Help could not be obtained, but ague comes so regularly to torture its victims that, knowing the exact hour of its approach, we could prepare in advance for it, and have our water, gruel, boneset and quinine ready and within reach.

We knew when we would shake, but not the degree of fever which would follow. The delirium of the fever would fill our minds with strange fancies. On one occasion I came home with the ague fit upon me, hitched my horses with wagon attached to a post and went into the house.

Banker had passed the shaking stage, and was delirious. I threw myself on the bed, and the fever soon following, I knew nothing till morning, when I found the team still hitched to the post, and, in their hunger, eating it. In November of this year I made a somewhat perilous trip with team to Fort Winnebago, at the portage of the Fox and Wisconsin rivers. The weather was cold and the military road, much of the distance, covered with snow.

There was scarcely a trail over the rolling prairie to guide me. Exposure brought on the chills as I was returning. Fatigued, sick and suffering, I coiled myself on the top of the load. The second day, as the sun was setting, I came in sight of Parish’s Grove, but the horses were unwilling to obey my guidance. Coming to a fork in the road they insisted on going to the right.

I pulled them to the left. On shore the pitching and tossing movement seemed to continue, only it seemed transferred to my head, [Pg 5] which grew dizzy, and so produced the illusion that I was still trying to balance myself on the unsteady deck of the ship. Chicago, since become a great city, had at that time the appearance of an active, growing village.

Thence I proceeded, November 1st and 2d, by stage to Milwaukee, which appeared also as a village, but somewhat overgrown. Idle men were numerous, hundreds not being able to obtain employment. Here I remained a couple of weeks, stopping at the Belleview House. After which I chopped wood a few days for Daniel Wells.

Not finding suitable employment, I started west with a Mr. Rogers, December 2d. There being no other means of conveyance, we traveled on foot.

On the evening of the second we stopped at Prairie Village, now known as Waukesha. On the evening of the third we stopped at Meacham’s Prairie, and on the fifth reached Rock River, where I stopped with a Mr. The evening following we stopped at an Irish house, where the surroundings did not conduce to comfort or to a feeling of security. Several drunken men kept up a continuous row. We hid our money in a haystack, and took our turn sleeping and keeping watch.

We ate an early breakfast, and were glad to get away before the men who had created such a disturbance during the night were up. We moved onward on the seventh to Blue Mound, where we found a cheerful resting place at Brigham’s. The eighth brought us to Dodgeville, where we stopped at Morrison’s. On the ninth we reached Mineral Point, the locality of the lead mines, where I afterward lost much time in prospecting.

Mineral Point was then a rude mining town. The night of our arrival was one of excitement and hilarity in the place. The first legislature of the territory of Wisconsin had been in session at Belmont, near Mineral Point, had organized the new government and closed its session on that day. To celebrate this event and their emancipation from the government of Michigan and the location of the capital at Madison, the people from the Point, and all the region round about, had met and prepared a banquet for the retiring members of the legislature.

Madison was at that time a paper town, in the wilderness, but beautifully located on Cat Fish lake, and at the head of Rock river. The location had been accomplished by legislative tact, and a compromise between the extremes.

It seemed to me then far away, at the world’s end, but I had positively told my comrades that I should one day go there. I found myself at last on the soil, and at a period or crisis important in its history. The immense territory had been carved and sliced into states and territories, and now the last remaining fragment, under the name of Wisconsin, had assumed territorial prerogatives, organized its government, and, with direct reference to a future division of territory, had selected its future capital, for as yet, except in name, Madison was not.

Two more days of foot plodding brought us to Galena, the city of lead. The greeting on our entering the city was the ringing of bells, the clattering of tin pans, the tooting of ox horns, sounds earthly and unearthly,—sounds no man can describe. What could it be? Was it for the benefit of two humble, footsore pedestrians that all this uproar was produced?

At Galena I parted with Mr. Rogers, my traveling companion, who went south. On the fifteenth of December I traveled to Dubuque on foot. When I came to the Mississippi river I sat down on its banks and recalled the humorous description of old [Pg 7] Mr. Carson, my neighbor, to which I had listened wonderingly when a small boy. The turtles in it were big as barn doors, and their shells would make good ferryboats if they could only be kept above water.

Several persons desiring to cross, we made a portable bridge of boards, sliding them along with us till we were safe on the opposite bank. I was now at the end of my journey, on the west bank of the Mississippi, beyond which stretched a vast and but little known region, inhabited by Indians and wild beasts. As I review the incidents of my journey in , I can not but contrast the conditions of that era and the present. How great the change in half a century! The journey then required thirty days.

It now requires but three. I had passed over but two short lines of railroad, and had made the journey by canal boat, by steamer, by stage, and a large portion of it on foot. There were few regularly established lines of travel. From Michigan to the Mississippi there were no stages nor were there any regular southern routes. Travelers to the centre of the continent, in those days, came either by the water route, via New Orleans or the Fox and Wisconsin river route, or followed Indian trails or blazed lines from one settlement to another.

The homes of the settlers were rude—were built principally of logs. In forest regions the farms consisted of clearings or square patches of open ground, well dotted with stumps and surrounded by a dense growth of timber. The prairies, except around the margins or along certain belts of timber following the course of streams, were without inhabitants. Hotels were few and far between, and, when found, not much superior to the cabins of the settlers; but the traveler was always and at all places hospitably entertained.

In January I contracted to deliver fifty cords of wood at Price’s brickyard. I cut the wood from the island in front of the present city of Dubuque, and hired a team to deliver it. While in Dubuque I received my first letter from home in seven months.

What a relief it was, after a period of long suspense, spent in tediously traveling over an almost wilderness country,—amidst unpleasant surroundings, amongst strangers, many of them of the baser sort, drinking, card playing, gambling and quarreling,—what a relief it was to receive a letter from home with assurances of affectionate regard from those I most esteemed. Truly the lines had not fallen to me in pleasant places, and I was sometimes exposed to perils from the lawless characters by whom I was surrounded.

On one occasion a dissolute and desperate miner, named Gilbert, came to Cannon’s hotel, which was my boarding house while in Dubuque. He usually came over from the east side of the river once a week for a spree. On this occasion, being very drunk, he was more than usually offensive and commenced abusing Cannon, the landlord, applying to him some contemptuous epithet. I thoughtlessly remarked to Cannon, “You have a new name,” upon which Gilbert cocked his pistol and aiming at me was about to fire when Cannon, quick as thought, struck at his arm and so destroyed his aim that the bullet went over my head.

The report of the pistol brought others to the room and a general melee ensued in which the bar [Pg 9] was demolished, the stove broken and Gilbert unmercifully whipped. Gilbert was afterward shot in a drunken brawl.

I formed some genial acquaintances in Dubuque, amongst them Gen. Booth, Messrs. Brownell, Wilson and others, since well known in the history of the country. Price, the wood contractor, never paid me for my work. I invested what money I had left for lots in Madison, all of which I lost, and had, in addition, to pay a note I had given on the lots. On February 11th I went to Cassville, journeying thither on the ice. This village had flourished greatly, in the expectation of becoming the territorial and state capital, expectations doomed, as we have seen, to disappointment.

Louis, was attacked, part were captured and the remainder of his troops driven back to St. Late in Maj. Zachary Taylor proceeded with gunboats to chastize the Indians for their attack on Campbell, but was himself met and driven back. The following year, on the declaration of peace between Great Britain and America, the post at Prairie du Chien was evacuated.

In the new Fort Crawford was built on an elevated site about midway in the prairie. It was a strong military post and was commanded at this time by Gen. Zachary Taylor. Many officers, who subsequently won distinction in the Florida Indian, Mexican, and late Civil War, were stationed here from time to time.

Within a time included in my own recollections of the post, Jefferson Davis spirited away the daughter of his commanding officer, Gen. Taylor, and married her, the “rough and ready” general being averse to the match.

By that name it has been known and recognized [Pg 12] ever since. It has been successively under the French, English and United States governments, and lying originally in the great Northwestern Territory, in the subsequent divisions of that immense domain, it has been included within the bounds of the territories of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin.

The friends of the murdered Indian held a council and determined that the murderer should have an opportunity of running for his life. The friends of the murdered Indian formed in a line, at the head of which was stationed the brother of the dead man, who was to lead in the pursuit. At a signal the bands of the prisoner were cut, and with a demoniacal yell he bounded forward, the entire line in swift and furious pursuit.

Should he outrun his pursuers, he would be free; should they overtake and capture him, they were to determine the mode of his death. He ran nearly a mile when he tripped and fell. The brother of the dead Indian, heading the pursuit, pounced upon him and instantly killed him with a knife. Considering the fact that the Indians were gathered together under the guns of a United States fort, and under the protection of a law expressly forbidding the sale of intoxicating liquors to them, the people of the United States were certainly justified in expecting better results, not only in regard to the protection of the frontier settlers but for that of the Indians themselves.

One man, who had seen the silver in the sand during the day and gone back at night to fill his pockets, was seized by a soldier on guard, imprisoned for a year, and discharged.

A Frenchman shot and killed a couple of tame geese belonging to a neighbor, supposing them to be wild. Discovering his mistake, he brought the geese to the owner, a Dutchman, who flew into a great rage, but took the geese and used them for his own table, in addition to which he had the goose-killer arrested and tried before Martin Savall, a justice of the peace. The defendant admitted the killing of the geese, the plaintiff admitted receiving them and using them for food, nevertheless the justice gave judgment in favor of plaintiff by the novel ruling that these geese, if not killed, would have laid eggs and hatched about eight goslings.

The defendant was therefore fined three dollars for the geese killed, and eight dollars for the goslings that might have been hatched if the geese had been permitted to live, and costs besides. Plaintiff appealed to the district court which reversed the decision on the ground that plaintiff had eaten his geese, and the goslings, not being hatched, did not exist.

I started, with two of my comrades, in a birch bark canoe for New Orleans. This mode of traveling proving slow and tedious, after two days, on our arrival at Dubuque, we sold our canoe and took passage on the steamer Smelter for St. Louis, which place we reached on the seventeenth of October. We remained five days, stopping at the Union Hotel. Louis was by far the finest and largest city I had yet seen in the West. Its levee was crowded with drays and other vehicles and lined with steamers and barges.

Its general appearance betokened prosperity. On the twenty-second, I left on the steamer George Collier for New Orleans, but the yellow fever being reported in that city, I remained several days at Baton Rouge. New Orleans was even then a large and beautiful city.

Its levee and streets were remarkable for their cleanness, but seemed almost deserted. Owing to a recent visitation of the yellow fever and the financial crisis of , business was almost suspended. These were hard times in New Orleans. Hundreds of men were seeking employment, and many of them were without money or friends. It was soon very evident to me that I had come to a poor place to better my fortunes.

After a thorough canvass, I found but one situation vacant, and that was in a drinking saloon, and was not thought of for an instant. I remained fifteen days, my money gradually diminishing, when I concluded to try the interior. I took steamer for Vicksburg, and thence passed up the Yazoo to Manchester, where I spent two days in the vain search for employment, offering to do any kind of work.

I kept myself somewhat aloof from the crew and passengers. The captain and clerk commented on my appearance, and were, as I learned from a conversation that I could not help but overhear, keeping a close eye upon me for being so quiet and restrained.

After remaining about two months, I left, on foot, valise in hand or strapped upon my back, with J. Simpson, for Galena, which place we reached in four days.

Finding here Mr. Putnam, with a team, I went up with him on the ice to Prairie du Chien, where, after an absence of five months of anxiety, suspense and positive hardships, I was glad to find myself once more among friends.

The delirium of the fever would fill our minds with strange fancies. On one occasion I came home with the ague fit upon me, hitched my horses with wagon attached to a post and went into the house. Banker had passed the shaking stage, and was delirious. I threw myself on the bed, and the fever soon following, I knew nothing till morning, when I found the team still hitched to the post, and, in their hunger, eating it. In November of this year I made a somewhat perilous trip with team to Fort Winnebago, at the portage of the Fox and Wisconsin rivers.

Caldwell, quartermaster at Fort Crawford, received the load, and learning something of the perils of the journey, gave me eighty dollars instead of the forty he had promised. During the spring and summer of , I fulfilled heavy hay and wood contracts for the fort, and in the autumn of that year concluded to revisit my early home in Maine. I set out September 23d, and reached Chicago in seven days, traveling with a team. I traveled thence by steamer to Buffalo, by canal boat to Rochester, by railroad and stage to Albany and Boston, by railroad to Lowell, and by stage to Tamworth, New Hampshire.

There were cottages and farms on the mountain side. Sparkling rivulets gleamed in the sunlight, [Pg 18] as they found their way, leaping from rock to rock, to the valleys beneath. Tamworth is situated on beautiful ridges amongst these mountain ranges. Near this place is the old family burying ground containing the graves of my grand parents and other near relatives. These mountain peaks seemed to stand as sentinels over their last resting place.

I remained at Tamworth a short time, visited the graves of my kindred, and on October 20th pursued my journey to Bloomfield, Maine, my old home. I found great changes. Some kind friends remained, but others were gone. The old home was changed and I felt that I could not make my future home here. The great West seemed more than ever attractive.

There would I build my home, and seek my fortune. I found here one who was willing to share that home and whatever fortune awaited me in the West.

On January 1st I was married to Mary J. Wyman, by Rev. Arthur Drinkwater, who gave us good counsel on the eve of our departure to a new and still wilderness country. On February 16th we bade adieu to our friends in Maine, visited awhile at Tamworth, and March 20th reached Prairie du Chien, having traveled by private conveyance, stage and steamer, passing through New Haven, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Frederick City, Maryland, over the National road to Wheeling, Virginia, by steamer down the Ohio and up the Mississippi to our destination.

Prairie du Chien was an outpost of civilization. A few adventurous traders and missionaries had penetrated the country above, planting a few stations here and there, and some little effort had been made at settlement, but the country, for the most part, was the home of roving tribes of Indians, and he who adventured among them at any distance from posts or settlements did so at considerable peril.

The houses were built for the most part of upright timber posts and puncheons, and were surrounded by pickets. There was no effort at display. Every thing was arranged for comfort and protection. Burnett, Joseph M. Fonday, Samuel Gilbert, and William Wilson. The following were unmarried: James B. Dallam, Ira B. Brunson, William S. Lockwood, and Hercules Dousman. In addition to these were perhaps near a hundred French families, old residents. We include in the following biographical sketches some names of non-residents, prominent in the early territorial history, and others who came to Prairie du Chien later than James Duane Doty.

The plan of this work forbids more than a brief mention, and we therefore give only the principal events in his life. Doty was born in Salem, Washington county, New York, where he spent his early days.

After receiving a thorough literary education he studied law, and in located at Detroit, Michigan. In , in company with Gov. Cass, he made a canoe voyage of exploration through Lakes Huron and Michigan. On this voyage they negotiated treaties with the Indians, and returning made a report on the comparatively unexplored region which they had traversed.

Under his appointment as judge for the counties of Michigan west of the lake, which appointment he held for nine years, he first made his home at Prairie du Chien, where he resided one year, thence removing to Green Bay for the remainder [Pg 20] of his term of office, at which place he continued to reside for a period of twenty years.

In he was a member of the first constitutional convention. In he was elected member of Congress, and was re-elected in Somewhere in the ’50s he built a log house on an island in Fox river, just above Butte des Mortes, and lived there with his family many years. There he gathered ancient curiosities, consisting of Indian implements, and relics of the mound builders.

This log house still stands and is kept intact with the curiosities gathered there by the present owner, John Roberts, to whom they were presented by Mrs. Fitzgerald, a daughter of Gov. Doty, in The cabin overlooks the cities of Menasha and Neenah, and the old council ground at the outlet of Lake Winnebago, where the Fox and Sioux Indians held annual councils, also the old battle ground where the Fox Indians routed the Sioux in one of the hardest fought battles on record.

In Judge Doty was appointed superintendent of Indian affairs, and subsequently was appointed governor of Utah Territory, which place he held until his death in Wisconsin had no truer friend nor more faithful and efficient servant.

His aims were exalted, and he deservedly held a high place in the affections of his fellow citizens. James H. Lockwood was the only practicing lawyer at the organization of Judge Doty’s court. He was the pioneer lawyer in Prairie du Chien, and the first lawyer admitted to the bar in what is now Wisconsin. He practiced in Crawford, Brown and Mackinaw counties. He married Julia Warren in She died at Prairie du Chien in Wright, in St.

Louis, Missouri, in She died at Prairie du Chien in , much esteemed as one of the pioneer women of the Upper Mississippi, and respected as a devout Christian, whose faith was proven by her works. The early years of Mr. Lockwood were spent on a farm. He had not the privileges of a classical education, and he may be said to be self educated.

In he commenced the study of law. In he was sutler in the United States army, and in at the post at Mackinaw. From to he was an Indian trader, his home being at Prairie du Chien. In orders came to abandon the fort at Prairie du Chien.

The soldiers were transferred to Fort Snelling, but arms and ammunition were left in charge of John Marsh, sub-Indian agent. Lockwood’s family was the only American family at the post.

Lockwood remaining at home. The Winnebagoes were a little troublesome at this time, the more so as the soldiers were removed from the post, but no serious disturbance was anticipated. The first night after leaving Prairie du Chien Mr. Lockwood with loaded rifles. The Indians followed Mrs.

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