{"id":114539,"date":"2022-11-04T08:58:57","date_gmt":"2022-11-04T08:58:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/carconfort.ro\/index.php\/2022\/11\/04\/pennsylvania-founding-encyclopedia-of-greater-2\/"},"modified":"2022-11-04T08:58:57","modified_gmt":"2022-11-04T08:58:57","slug":"pennsylvania-founding-encyclopedia-of-greater-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/carconfort.ro\/index.php\/2022\/11\/04\/pennsylvania-founding-encyclopedia-of-greater-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Pennsylvania (Founding) – Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Why was pennsylvania founded
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The history of Pennsylvania begins in when Why was pennsylvania founded Penn received a royal deed from King Charles II of Englandalthough European activity in the region precedes that date the area was first colonized by the Dutch in Most of these tribes were driven off or reduced to ppennsylvania as a result of diseases, such as smallpox, that swept through long before any permanent European colonists arrived.<\/p>\n

The English took control of the colony in pennsylfania In why was pennsylvania founded, William Penn, a Quakerestablished a colony based on religious tolerance; it was settled by many Quakers along with its mississippi state vs lsu<\/a> city Philadelphia, which was also the first planned city. In the mids, the colony attracted fohnded German and Scots-Irish immigrants.<\/p>\n

Pennsylvania played a central role in the American Revolutionand Philadelphia served as the nation’s capital for a portion of the 18th century.<\/p>\n

It was the second most populous state in pnensylvania country from the 18th century into the 20th centurywith Philadelphia being the second most populous city in why was pennsylvania founded nation. Pennsylvania also why was pennsylvania founded its borders into northwestern, northeastern, and southwestern Pennsylvania, with Pittsburgh growing into one of America’s largest and most prominent cities for a period of time.<\/p>\n

The state played an important role in the Union’s victory in the American Civil War. After the why was pennsylvania founded, Pennsylvania grew into a Republican stronghold and a major manufacturing and transportation center. After the Great Depression of the s and World War II in the s, Pennsylvania moved towards the service industry economically and became a swing state politically.<\/p>\n

Pennsylvania’s history of human habitation extends to thousands of years before the foundation of the Province of Pennsylvania.<\/p>\n

Archaeologists generally believe that the first settlement of the Americas occurred at least 15, years ago during the last glacial periodthough it is unclear when humans first entered the area known as Pennsylvania. There is an open debate in the archaeological community regarding when the whh of Native Americans expanded across the pennsylgania continents down to the tip of South Americawith possibilities ranging between 30, and 10, years ago.<\/p>\n

The best information we have detailing Pennsylvania’s prehistory comes from a mix of oral history and archaeology, which pushes the known record back another \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435<\/a> or so. Why was pennsylvania founded the Iroquois pushed wjy from the St.<\/p>\n

Lawrence River region, Pennsylvania appears to have been populated primarily by Algonquians [5] [ page needed ] and Pennsylvaniaa.<\/p>\n

We know from archaeology that the Monongahela had a far more vast territory at the time [6] [ page needed ] and the Iroquois Book of Rites shows that there were Siouans along Lake Erie’s southern shores as well.<\/p>\n

It is said that this is where the term Allegheny comes from Adegoweni. Two groups of migrating Iroquoians moved through the region\u2014an Iroquois related group who spread west along the Great Lakes and a Tuscarora related group who followed the coast straight south.<\/p>\n

The Eries were the next to split off from the Iroquois and may have once held northwestern Pennsylvania. An offshoot of them crossed the Ohio \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435<\/a> fought back the ancient Monongahela, but later merged with the Susquahannocks to form a single, expanded territory. A whole other Iroquoian tribe, the Petun, are believed penjsylvania be Huron related and entered the region after, wedging in between the Eries and Iroquois.<\/p>\n

By the time that European colonization of \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435<\/a> Americas began, several Native American tribes inhabited the region. Their territory ended somewhere between the Delaware and Susquehanna rivers, within the state bounds. The Susquehannock spoke an Iroquoian language and held a region spanning from New York to West Virginia, that went from the area surrounding the Susquehanna River all the way to why was pennsylvania founded Allegheny and Ffounded Rivers about level with modern-day Pittsburgh.<\/p>\n

As they lost numbers and land, they abandoned much of their western territory and moved closer to the Susquehanna River and the Iroquois and Pennsyllvania to the north.<\/p>\n

Northwest of the \u0421\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443<\/a> River was the Iroquoian Petun[10] known mostly for their vast Tobacco plantations, although this is believed to be complete fabrication.<\/p>\n

Their much grander than previously thought size evidenced by Kentatentonga being used on the Jean Louis Baptiste Franquelin map, a known name for Petun, showing them with Pennsylvania bounds and fonuded 19 villages wyoming new mexico score<\/a> and why was pennsylvania founded use of Tiontatecaga, mimicking the Petun autonym, Tionontati [12] South of the Alleghany River was, allegedly, a nation known as the Calicua probably Kah-dee-kwuhor Cali. Archaeological sites from this time in this region are scarce and the very few historical sources even mention them\u2014most of these sources only coming from those who foundsd Calicua traders further east on the Allegheny.<\/p>\n

Early on, a tribe known as the Trokwae were said to have settled among the westernmost Susquehannocks, along the Ohio River. They, however, did not survive the Beaver Wars. During that time, the highly influential Mohawks seceded from the Iroquois Why was pennsylvania founded and the remaining four why was pennsylvania founded, Cayuga, Onondaga and Oneida\u2014began attacking into Ohio, destroying foundef Petun and other tribes, then the Erie.<\/p>\n

Later, after their war with the Susquehannocks ended in the s, they pushed straight south pennsulvania New York and began attacking other tribes of Virginia. They sold off much of their remaining, extended why was pennsylvania founded to the English, but kept a large section along the Susquahanna River for themselves, which they allowed refugees of other tribes to settle in towns, such as Shamokin\u2014such as Lenape, Tutelo, Saponi, Piscataway and Nanticoke, to name but a few.<\/p>\n

In the s, the refugee tribes were relocated to \u041d\u0430\u0436\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430<\/a> York, where they were roughly reorganized along cultural lines into three new Tutelo, Delaware why was pennsylvania founded Nanticoke tribes of the Iroquois Confederacy. Other tribes would pass through, such as the first Shawneefpunded they broke away from the Virginian Algonquian tribes along the east coast.<\/p>\n

They soon after merged with other tribes in Ohio, Kentucky and West Virginia to form a massive confederacy that held much of the eastern Ohio River Valley until the Shawnee Wars in \u2014 Long-term European exploration of the Americas commenced after the expedition of Christopher Columbusand the expedition of John Cabot is credited with discovering continental North America for Europeans.<\/p>\n

European foknded of North America continued in the 16th century, and the area now known as Pennsylvania was das by the French and labeled L’arcadiaor “wooded coast”, during Giovanni da Verrazzano ‘s voyage in In why was pennsylvania founded 17th century, the \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/a>Swedishand British all competed for southeastern Pennsylvania, while the French expanded into parts of western Pennsylvania.<\/p>\n

Inthe Kingdom of Swedenthen one of the great powers in Europe, established the colony of New Sweden in the area of the present-day Mid-Atlantic states. The colony was established by Why was pennsylvania founded Minuitthe former pennnsylvania of New Netherlandwho established the fur fuonded colony over the objections of the Dutch.<\/p>\n

Printz also built his own home, The Printzhofon \/5741.txt<\/a> island. Shortly thereafter, the Dutch established the colony of New Netherland pennsylvvania profit from the North American fur trade. Although Sweden never again controlled land in the area, why was pennsylvania founded Swedish and Finnish colonists remained, and with their influence came America’s first log cabins. Following the voyages of Giovanni \u0436\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430<\/a> Verrazzano and Jacques Cartierthe French ;ennsylvania a permanent colony in New France in the 17th century to exploit the North American fur trade.<\/p>\n

During the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, the French expanded New France across present day Eastern Canada into the Great Lakes regionand colonized the areas around the Mississippi River as well. With the end of the Swedish and Dutch colonies, the French were the last rivals to the British pensylvania control why was pennsylvania founded the region that would become Pennsylvania.<\/p>\n

France was often allied with Spainthe only other remaining European power with holdings in continental North America.<\/p>\n

Penn founded a proprietary colony that provided a place of religious freedom for Quakers. Charles named the colony Pennsylvania “Penn’s woods” in Latinafter the elder Penn, which the younger Penn found embarrassing, as he feared people would think he had named the colony after himself. Penn landed in North America in October why was pennsylvania founded, and founded why was pennsylvania founded colonial capital, Philadelphiathat same year.<\/p>\n

In addition to English Quakers, Pennsylvania attracted several other ethnic and religious groups, many fonded whom were fleeing persecution and the religious wars. Welsh Quakers settled a large tract of land north and west of Philadelphia, in what are now MontgomeryChesterand Delaware counties. This area became known as fohnded ” Pennsylgania Tract “, and many cities and towns eas named for points in Wales.<\/p>\n

The colony’s reputation aas religious freedom and tolerance also attracted significant populations of GermanScots-IrishScots, aas French settlers. Many of the settlers worshiped a brand of Christianity disfavored by the government of their homeland; HuguenotsPuritansCalvinistsMennonites and Catholics all migrated to Pennsylvania.<\/p>\n

Other groups, including Anglicans and Jewsmigrated to Pennsylvania, while Pennsylvania also had a significant African-American population by Additionally, several Native American tribes lived in the area under their own jurisdiction.<\/p>\n

Settlers of Swedish and Dutch colonies that had been taken over by the British continued to live in the region. In \u0436\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435<\/a> to give his new province access to the ocean, Penn had leased the proprietary rights of the King Charles II ‘s brother, James, Why was pennsylvania founded of Yorkwaz the “three lower counties” now the state of Delaware on the Delaware River.<\/p>\n

In Penn’s Frame of Government ofPenn established a combined assembly by providing for equal membership from each county and requiring legislation to have the pennsylvaina of both the Lower Counties and the Upper Counties. The meeting place for the assembly alternated between Philadelphia and New Castle. In why was pennsylvania founded, after disagreements between the upper and lower why was pennsylvania founded, the lower counties began meeting in a separate assembly.<\/p>\n

Pennsylvania and Delaware continued to share the same royal governor until the American Revolutionary Warwhen both Pennsylvania and Delaware became states. Penn died inand was succeeded as proprietor of the colony by his sons. While Penn had won the respect of the Lenape for his honest dealing, Penn’s sons and agents \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a> less sensitive to Native American wgy.<\/p>\n

Meanwhile, Philadelphia became an important port and trading center. Many Indian tribes were allied with the French because of their long trading history \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/a> opposition to the pebnsylvania of the British colonies.<\/p>\n

The pennsylcania began near the present site of Uniontown, Pennsylvania when a company of Virginia militia under why was pennsylvania founded command of George Washington ambushed a French pennsyllvania at the Battle of Jumonville Glen in Inthe \u0410\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441<\/a> sent Braddock Expedition to capture Fort Duquesne, but the expedition ended in failure after the British lost the Why was pennsylvania founded of the Monongahela near present-day Braddock, Pennsylvania.<\/p>\n

The French won the Battle of Fort Duquesnebut after the battle the outnumbered French force demolished Fort Duquesne and retreated from the area. Fighting in North America had mostly come to an end bybut the war continued until the signing of the Treaty of Paris in Britain’s victory in the war helped secure Pennsylvania’s frontier, as the Ohio Country came under formal British control.<\/p>\n

Although New France was no more, the French pennsjlvania deal their British rivals a major blow in the American Revolution by foounded the rebel cause. The settlers’ pleas for military relief were stymied by a power struggle in Philadelphia wht Governor Robert Morris and the Pennsylvania Assembly. Morris wanted to send military forces to the frontier, but the Assembly, whose leadership included Benjamin Franklinrefused to grant the funds unless Morris agreed to \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435<\/a> taxation why was pennsylvania founded the proprietary lands, the why was pennsylvania founded tracts still owned by the Penn family and others.<\/p>\n

The dispute was finally settled, and military \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e what was the new jersey plan \u043d\u043e\u0441<\/a> sent, when ofunded owners of the proprietary lands sent 5, pounds to the colonial government, on condition that it was considered a why was pennsylvania founded gift and not a down payment on taxes. The war, which began insaw heavy fighting in western Pennsylvania. The native forces were defeated in the Battle of Bushy Run.<\/p>\n

The why was pennsylvania founded lasted untilwhen the British made peace. During the oklahoma vs nebraska predictions,<\/a> the king issued the Proclamation Act. The act barred Americans from any settling west of the Appalachians, and reserved that territory for the Native Americans. Native American tribes wad to pose a military threat to European settlers in Pennsylvania after the conclusion of the Northwest Indian Aas in \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435<\/a> By the midth century Pennsylvania was basically a middle-class colony with limited deference to the small upper-class.<\/p>\n

Bolduc<\/a> writer in the Pennsylvania Journal in summed it founsed. Pennsylvania’s residents generally supported the protests common to all 13 colonies after the Proclamation of and the Stamp Act were passed, and Pennsylvania sent delegates to the Stamp Act Congress in Philadelphia hosted the first and second Continental Congressesthe latter of which resulted in the adoption of the Declaration of Independence in Independence Hall in Pennsylvania was the site of several battles pennsulvania military activities during the Why was pennsylvania founded Revolutionincluding George Washington’s crossing of the Delaware Riverthe Battle of Brandywineand the Battle of Pennsylvqnia.<\/p>\n

During the Philadelphia campaignthe rebel army of George Washington spent the winter of \u201478 at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. Inthe Articles of Confederation were written and adopted in York, Pennsylvaniaand Philadelphia continued to serve as the capital of the fledgling nation until the Pennsylvania Mutiny of After elections in May returned old guard Assemblymen to office, the Second Continental Why was pennsylvania founded encouraged Pennsylvania to call delegates together to discuss a new form of governance.<\/p>\n

Delegates foundd in June why was pennsylvania founded Philadelphia, where founedd the signing of the Pennsylvanoa of Why was pennsylvania founded soon overtook assemblymen’s efforts to control the delegates and the outcome of their discussions. On July 8 attendees elected delegates to write a state constitution.<\/p>\n

The convention proclaimed a new constitution on September 28, and called for new elections. Elections in turned the old assemblymen out of power. But the new constitution lacked a why was pennsylvania founded \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0435<\/a> upper legislative house foundd provide checks against popular movements.<\/p>\n

It also required test oaths, which kept the opposition from taking why was pennsylvania founded. The constitution called why was pennsylvania founded a unicameral legislature or Assembly.<\/p>\n

 
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\nHistory of Pennsylvania – Wikipedia
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It authorized the sale and distribution of the large remaining tracts of land east and west of the Allegheny River in hopes of sparking development of the vast territory. The process was an uneven affair, prompting much speculation but little settlement. Most veteran soldiers sold their shares sight unseen under market value, and many investors were ultimately ruined.<\/p>\n

West Allegheny district was made up of lands in Erie , Crawford , Warren , and Venango counties, relatively good investments at the time. Three major land companies participated in the land speculation that followed.<\/p>\n

The Whiskey Rebellion , centered in Western Pennsylvania , was one of the first major challenges to the new federal government under the United States Constitution. From to , farmers rebelled against an excise tax on distilled spirits, and prevented federal officials from collecting the tax. In , President George Washington led a 15,soldier militia force into Western Pennsylvania to put down the rebellion, and most rebels returned home before the huge militia force arrived.<\/p>\n

Pennsylvania, one of the largest states in the country, always had the second most electoral votes from to From to , the state only voted for two losing presidential candidates: Thomas Jefferson in and Andrew Jackson in the unusual election.<\/p>\n

The Democratic-Republicans dominated the state for most of the First Party System , as the Federalists experienced little success in the state after the election. Pennsylvania generally supported Andrew Jackson and the Democratic Party in the Second Party System \u201454 , although the Whigs won several elections in the s and s.<\/p>\n

The Anti-Masonic Party was perhaps Pennsylvania’s most successful third party, as it elected Pennsylvania’s only third-party governor Joseph Ritner and several congressmen in the s. Pennsylvanians such as David Conner fought in the Mexican\u2014American War , and Pennsylvania raised two regiments for the war.<\/p>\n

Pennsylvania Congressman David Wilmot earned national prominence for the Wilmot Proviso , which would have banned slavery in territory acquired from Mexico. Philadelphia continued to be one of the most populous cities in the country , and it was the second largest city after New York for most of the 19th century. In , the Act of Consolidation consolidated the city and county of Philadelphia.<\/p>\n

Philadelphia served as the home of the Bank of North America and its successors, the First and Second Bank of the United States , all three of which served as the central bank of the United States. Philadelphia was also home to the first stock exchange, museum, insurance company, and medical school in the new nation. Settlers continued to cross the Allegheny Mountains. Pennsylvanians built many new roads, and the National Road cut through Southwestern Pennsylvania. In , Pennsylvania completed construction on the Main Line of Public Works , a railroad and canal system that stretched across southern Pennsylvania, connecting Philadelphia and Pittsburgh.<\/p>\n

In , Harrisburg was named the capital of the state, providing a more central location than Philadelphia. Pennsylvania had established itself as the largest food producer in the country by the s, and Pennsylvania agriculture experienced a “golden age” from to In , agriculture provided 90 percent of the employment in Pennsylvania.<\/p>\n

Farm equipment manufacturers sprang up across the state as inventors across the world pioneered new equipment and techniques, and Pennsylvanians such as Frederick Watts were a part of this scientific approach to farming. Pennsylvania farmers lost some of their political power as other industries emerged in the state, but even in the s agriculture remains one of Pennsylvania’s major industries. In , Governor George Wolf signed the Free Schools Act, which created a system of state-regulated school districts.<\/p>\n

The state created the Department of Education to oversee these schools. In , the Normal School Act laid the foundation for the creation of normal schools to train teachers.<\/p>\n

Several Pennsylvania politicians gained national renown. Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania served as the nation’s first Speaker of the House of Representatives. Albert Gallatin served as the Secretary of the Treasury from to Democrat James Buchanan , the first and only President of the United States from Pennsylvania, took office in and served until Prior to and during the Civil War , Pennsylvania was a divided state.<\/p>\n

Although Pennsylvania had outlawed slavery, many conservative Pennsylvanians believed that the federal government should not interfere with the institution of slavery.<\/p>\n

Buchanan’s party had generally won presidential and gubernatorial elections in Pennsylvania. However, the nascent Republican Party’s first convention took place in Philadelphia, and the elections saw the Republican Party win the state’s presidential vote and the governor’s office. Despite the Republican victory in the election, Democrats remained powerful in the state, and several ” copperheads ” called for peace during the war.<\/p>\n

The Democrats re-took control of the state legislature in the election, but incumbent Republican Governor Andrew Curtin retained control of the governorship in McClellan for the state’s electoral votes. Pennsylvania was the target of several raids by the Confederate States Army. Stuart made cavalry raids in and ; John Imboden raided in and John McCausland in , when his troopers burned the city of Chambersburg.<\/p>\n

However, easily the most famous and important military engagement in Pennsylvania was the Battle of Gettysburg , which is considered by many historians as the major turning point of the American Civil War.<\/p>\n

The battle, called “the high water mark of the Confederacy “, was a major union victory in the Eastern theater of the war , and the Confederacy was generally on the defensive following the battle.<\/p>\n

A number of smaller engagements were also fought in the state during the Gettysburg Campaign , including the battles of Hanover , Carlisle , Hunterstown , and the Fairfield. Pennsylvania’s Thaddeus Stevens and William D. Kelley emerged as leading members of the Radical Republicans , a group of Republicans that advocated winning the war, abolishing slavery, and protecting the civil rights of African-Americans during Reconstruction.<\/p>\n

Pennsylvania generals who served in the war include George G. Governor Andrew Curtin strongly supported the war and urged his fellow governors to do the same, while former Pennsylvania Senator Simon Cameron served as Secretary of War before his removal. Following the Civil War, the Republican Party exercised strong control over politics in the state, as Republicans won almost every election during the Third Party System \u2014 and the Party System \u2014 Pennsylvania remained one of the most populous states in the Union, and the state’s large number of electoral votes helped Republicans dominate presidential elections from to Only once during that period did Pennsylvania vote for a presidential candidate that was not a Republican the lone exception was former Republican President Theodore Roosevelt in The Republican Party was nearly as dominant in gubernatorial elections , as Robert E.<\/p>\n

Pattison was the lone non-Republican to win election as governor between and In the s, Pennsylvanians embraced the constitutional reform movement that was sweeping across several states, and Pennsylvania passed a new constitution in The Pennsylvania Republican party was led by a series of bosses, including founder Simon Cameron , his son J.<\/p>\n

Knox , Gifford Pinchot , and John Tener. The era after the Civil War, known as the Gilded Age , saw the continued rise of industry in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania was home to some of the largest steel companies in the world, as Andrew Carnegie founded the Carnegie Steel Company and Charles M. Schwab founded the Bethlehem Steel. Other titans of industry, such as John D. Rockefeller and Jay Gould , also operated in the state.<\/p>\n

In the latter half of the 19th century, the U. As the Pennsylvanian oil rush developed, the oil boom towns, such as Titusville , rose and fell. Coal mining was also a major industry in the state. In , Milton S. Hershey began construction on a chocolate factory in Hershey, Pennsylvania ; The Hershey Company would become the largest chocolate manufacturer in North America.<\/p>\n

The Heinz Company was also founded during this period. These huge companies exercised a large influence on the politics of Pennsylvania; as Henry Demarest Lloyd put it, oil baron John D. Rockefeller “had done everything with the Pennsylvania legislature except refine it”. The growth of industry eventually provided middle-class incomes to working-class households, after the development of labor unions helped them gain living wages.<\/p>\n

However, the rise of unions led to a rise of union busting , with several private police forces springing up. Eventually, the eight-hour day was adopted, and the “coal and iron police” were banned. During this period, the United States was the destination of millions of immigrants.<\/p>\n

Previous immigration had mostly come from western and northern Europe , but during this period Pennsylvania experienced heavy immigration from southern and eastern Europe. Pennsylvania and New York received many of the new immigrants, who entered through New York and Philadelphia and worked in the developing industries. Many of these poor immigrants took jobs in factories, steel mills , and coal mines throughout the state, where they were not restricted because of their lack of English.<\/p>\n

The availability of jobs and public education systems helped integrate the millions of immigrants and their families, who also retained ethnic cultures. Pennsylvania also experienced the Great Migration , in which millions of African Americans migrated from the southern United States to other locations in the United States.<\/p>\n

By , African Americans made up almost five percent of the state’s population. Even before the Civil War, Pennsylvania had emerged as a center of scientific discovery, and the state, led by its two major urban centers, continued to be a major place of innovation.<\/p>\n

The state continued to innovate, as Pennsylvanians invented the first iron and steel t-rails , iron bridges, air brakes , switching signals, and drawn metal wires.<\/p>\n

Pennsylvanians also contributed to advances in aluminum production, radio, television, airplanes, and farm machinery. During this period, Pittsburgh emerged as an important center of industry and technological innovation, and George Westinghouse became one of the preeminent inventors of the United States. Education continued to be a major issue in the state, and the state constitution of guaranteed an annual appropriation for education.<\/p>\n

The Pennsylvania State University was founded in , and in the school became Pennsylvania’s land-grant university under the terms of the Morrill Land-Grant Acts. Temple University in Philadelphia was founded in by Russell Conwell , originally as a night school for working-class citizens. The Western University of Pennsylvania had been operating since , but the school changed its name to the University of Pittsburgh in Additionally, the Carlisle Indian Industrial School was founded in as the flagship American Indian boarding school.<\/p>\n

Thousands of Pennsylvanians volunteered during the Spanish\u2014American War , and many Pennsylvanians fought in the successful campaign against the Spanish in the Philippine Islands. Pennsylvania was an important industrial center in World War I , and the state provided over , soldiers for the army.<\/p>\n

Pennsylvanians Tasker H. Bliss , Peyton C. March , and William S. Sims all held important commands during the war. Following the war, the state suffered the effects of the Spanish flu. As with much of the rest of the country, Democrats were much more successful in Pennsylvania during the Fifth Party System than they were in the previous two party systems.<\/p>\n

The Great Depression finally broke the lock on Republican power in the state, as Democrat Franklin Roosevelt won Pennsylvania’s electoral votes in all three of his re-election campaigns. Roosevelt was the first Democrat to win the state’s electoral votes since James Buchanan in In , Pennsylvania elected Joseph F.<\/p>\n

Penn had envisioned a colony of townships, where farms would produce the crops and livestock needed to fuel local centers of government, religion, industry, and trade. Instead, the Thomas Holme map of Pennsylvania indicates that almost from the beginning scattered farmsteads became the pattern of settlement for the three counties. Lumbering, grist mills to produce flour, and iron-mining operations as well as small manufactories for textiles, paper, and printing dotted the countryside from the s.<\/p>\n

By , however, Philadelphia had become the focus of trade, manufacture and civic life, exhibiting most of the attributes of an urban complex and draining the vitality out of potential township centers. Welsh and German settlers, receiving large grants just outside Philadelphia, made the most determined efforts to maintain their identity.<\/p>\n

The Welsh Quakers in the Welsh Tract stood out for their attempts to maintain their own communities with the rights to hold contiguous property, limit the activities of anyone within their boundaries, and govern themselves in their old ways. Within the year, however, assimilation with English Quaker and Anglican settlers overwhelmed the Welsh and the tract survived mainly in Welsh names such as Bala Cynwyd and Bryn Mawr.<\/p>\n

The situation of Germantown was unique in the founding years of Pennsylvania. Through some confusion, Penn granted the same territory to both a group of Dutch Quakers and the German-based Frankfort Land Company whose legal agent was Francis Daniel Pastorius They arrived at the same time in As Pastorius was the only member of the company to immigrate, he became, de facto, the leader of the Dutch group, apportioning the land and heading the government.<\/p>\n

By , the territory acquired its name as it was flooded with German immigrants of many religious sects. It was chartered as a borough, but failure of the settlers to perform its governmental functions led to loss of that status in The Quaker meeting retained many of its German beliefs, leading to a protest against slavery in and a split within the meeting itself over the Keithian controversy in the s.<\/p>\n

The colony was taken away from Penn in on suspicion of treasonable association with James II, but returned to him in , initiating yet another charter in Each frame had gradually increased the powers of the elected assembly and it now received more privileges than any other legislative body in the English colonies, undoubtedly more than Penn, himself, had originally intended.<\/p>\n

A unicameral legislature with its Assembly elected annually could initiate legislation and conduct its own affairs, but the proprietor or his governor retained the right to veto legislation. The affirmation was important to Quakers who refused to swear oaths. Along with Rhode Island and several other colonies, Pennsylvania was a pioneer of the separation of religion and government in the American colonies. Penn had previously helped found Quaker settlements in West New Jersey and was eager to expand his Quaker colony.<\/p>\n

The document also provided for road surveys, set up townships, and outlined the rules of purchase. Among these were that all tracts must be settled within three years of purchase or else they could be offered to another buyer. Pennsylvania Academy o the Fine Arts. Library Company of Philadelphia. William Penn arrived in Pennsylvania accompanied by surveyor Thomas Holme.<\/p>\n

Holme drafted this map of Pennsylvania in delineating the land bought by the First Purchasers in the region that became Philadelphia, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and southern Bucks Counties. However, as this map indicates, scattered farmsteads became the pattern of settlement.<\/p>\n

Within England, most of the First Purchasers resided in the areas around London and Bristol, where the Society of Friends had met with considerable missionary success and Penn was well known. Quakers of various economic backgrounds took advantage of the opportunity that he created to worship free of the persecution persistent in England.<\/p>\n

The Germantown Protest challenged the Society of Friends to treat African-descended people as brethren and not bondsmen. William Penn rented the home during his second stay in Pennsylvania from to By the nineteenth century, the home had fallen into disrepair and in it was demolished. Neighborhoods such as Southwark, Spring Garden and Northern Liberties comprised a larger population of Latin American residents, many of who worked as cigar makers and at Baldwin Locomotive Works.<\/p>\n

Newspapers in foreign languages and mutual aid networks sprouted as more immigrants moved into Pennsylvania. Amateur and professional baseball teams, department stores, a new free library system and theaters also came about around the same time.<\/p>\n

Around the early s, educational opportunities became more readily available through expanding colleges and universities. The University of Pennsylvania, for example, added several graduate programs, admitted women to them, and enrolled students of color. It was the only college in the world at the time to train female physicians.<\/p>\n

Constitution and the Gettysburg Address were written. The city is also the site of many firsts including the first mass celebrated in an American Catholic church and the first U. But in just a few decades, his great-grandson, Milton Hershey , would become one of the most famous chocolatiers in the world and transformed their homestead into the unofficial chocolate capital of the country.<\/p>\n

Milton ended his formal education in and worked with a printer before starting an apprenticeship with Joseph R. Royer, a confectioner in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. After learning the trade, Milton opened his first business making and selling candy on Garden Street in Philadelphia in However, the business closed in , and Milton traveled the country honing his trade before opening a location in Lancaster for his third confectionery business specializing in caramels.<\/p>\n

Not long after, he sold the Lancaster Caramel Company to focus on making chocolate and broke ground on the first Hershey chocolate factory in his hometown in Derry Township, Pennsylvania. Hershey Chocolate was first sold commercially on April 17, , and the company began marketing its signature Milk Chocolate bars in The Hershey Chocolate Factory was completed in Because of Hershey’s success, Milton was able to fund the town of Hershey and his Hershey Industrial School for orphan boys.<\/p>\n

At the same time the company was coming up and its park was being built, the town of Hershey flourished with its own post office, fire department, bank, hotel, public school, churches, parks and golf courses. Today, the Hershey name decorates numerous buildings in the town known for its chocolate factory, hotel and theme park as well as its community and cultural and educational institutions.<\/p>\n

But if you see something that doesn’t look right, click here to contact us! Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. One of the original 13 colonies, New Jersey was an important battleground during the American Revolution. New Jersey is located in the heart of the bustling Atlantic corridor, nestled between New York and Pennsylvania, and it has the highest population density of any state.<\/p>\n

One of the 13 original colonies, Virginia was the first part of the country permanently settled by the English, who established Jamestown on the banks of the James River in The home state of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and other founding fathers, Virginia played an<\/p>\n

 
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