{"id":399552,"date":"2023-02-01T06:13:20","date_gmt":"2023-02-01T06:13:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/carconfort.ro\/index.php\/2023\/02\/01\/windows-10-1703-download-iso-itarian-scriptsave-2\/"},"modified":"2023-02-01T06:13:20","modified_gmt":"2023-02-01T06:13:20","slug":"windows-10-1703-download-iso-itarian-scriptsave-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/carconfort.ro\/index.php\/2023\/02\/01\/windows-10-1703-download-iso-itarian-scriptsave-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Windows 10 1703 download iso itarian scriptsave.Wireless World 02 | PDF | Telecommunication | Manufactured Goods"},"content":{"rendered":"

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From the program listing you sent, it looks like you understand how to use ordi- nary variables. And there are sections of the program that would benefit from the use of arrays. This is a situation that could be handled very nicely with an array. Note that line 12 uses a variable in- stead of a number in parentheses. You can put either a number or a numeric variable “in parentheses.<\/p>\n

Let’s say you want to keep weekly scores for each of the bowlers on the team. The number of bowlers NB runs doivn the left side, and the number of weeks NW runs across the top.<\/p>\n

There are two problems in the line that’s giving you the error message. The first is that DIM should be followed by the array name and parentheses containing the size of the array see the examples above. Another, more serious, mistake is that there are several DIM statements sprinkled throughout the program. An ar- ray can be dimensioned only once. A common practice is to put all DIM statements at the beginning of a program or in a subroutine that’s called only once.<\/p>\n

Exception To The Rule? In one of your programs, you used neg- ative numbers in DATA statements. How does this work? Mailing Lists, Catalogs and many more. Greater Thun. Less Than, Not Equal To. Match Anywhere. Learn to type at your own pace! M Mural Sltrft. Hit hmond Hill, nmirlii, tanadi. S’i MMillMilM. Simplified, streamlined spreadsheet program with “What If? Installment Payment. Income Tax, Balance. Sheet, Stock Portfolio, Materials Estimator, and many more. As such. Performance: excellent Value: excellent.<\/p>\n

All three HomePuk programs work together so it ‘s easy to transfer data and perform integrated tasks. No matter what the sport, we hiave become a notion conscious of performing to win. We spend tiours training, procticing, competing. Ttie Body I ink System provides instantaneous feedback on ttie exact manner in wtiich your muscles are performing, enabling you to corect your swing or refine your pitcti wfiile still in motion.<\/p>\n

Bodylink allows a true two-way conversation between you and your body, giving you ttie winning edge. A Healthier and More Productive You. Medicol authorities now consider stress a major tieolth risk which may result in migraines, ulcers, bock pain and heort attacks. With Bodylink you have within reoch o powerful stress reduction system.<\/p>\n

Bodylink allows you to focus on physical signs of stress such as muscle tension and skin temperature. By using this feedback, Bodylink quickly and effectively teaches you to reduce stress for o healthier and happier life.<\/p>\n

Getting in Shape. More Effectively Home exercise now becomes exciting and more effective. With Bodylink you can be sure you are exercising for maximum benefit While using the cordio exercise packoge, Bodylink monitors your heort rate and helps you determine the ideal level you need for aerobic gain. With the muscle development package, Bodylink guides you to do muscle developing exercises correctly and effectively.<\/p>\n

Bodylink motivates you to work border if you are not reaching your target level, or helps you slow down if you ore working too hard. You don’t even need a disk drive to save youi date. You simply place the sensor ogalnst the part of your body to tie moni- tored and watch the result on your TV screen.<\/p>\n

Carnimoctore is a registered tradpmtrk of Ctjmmocrofe Ele-clronlcs Lfrnlsed. Payment must accompany sutjiotoi order. Call for More Information and our product catalogue 91 or 1 1. Make checks payable to Bodylog, Inc. Signature- Expires. Wl p[. All three of these require numbers to be POKEd into memory.<\/p>\n

An individual byie of memory can hold a number i;; the range , so in a sense you’re right. If the data is names of people or bowling scores, the rule doesn’t apply. I have a program to control a loan busi- ness.<\/p>\n

Each account is kept as a sequen- tial file. The individual file lengths vary from account to account, and it’s some- times necessary to ascertain how much space is available on the disk. It would not do to suddenly run out of space.<\/p>\n

Could you provide a BASIC sub- routine that would allow me to read at any time the number of blocks free on a disk? How can I write a program that detects collision between a certain sprite and a certain background charac- ter in machine language? Say a pro- gram that checks for collision between sprite one and the letter R and a colli- sion between sprite two and the letter A. Another question, I have a game that displays 16 colors in bitmap hi- res mode.<\/p>\n

How is this done? All you really knoiv is that a certain sprite happened to hit a character. You can’t de- termine which character loas hit unless you PEEK the horizontal and vertical lo- cations x and y coordinates of the sprite, translate thetn into the equivalent row and column on the screen, and then PEEK screen memory in that vicinity.<\/p>\n

To answer your second question, there are several ways to set up a lu-res screen. The first is true hi-res, lohere you can turn on or off 64, picture elements pixels arranged in a pattern of pixels across X pixels down. Since a byte of memory contains eight bits, it can hold enough infortnation io control eight pixels on the hi-res screen. Thus, bytes are required to bitmap a standard hi-res screen. Color memory is also important.<\/p>\n

When you set up a hi-res screen, bytes are set aside for color memory. Within each 8X8 section, you’re allowed only two colors not count- ing sprites that might be moving around. But each section is independent of the oth- er sections. So, for example, you could have an 8 X 8 chunk of the screen with a blue background and white pixels next to a section thai has a red background loith gray pixels.<\/p>\n

Each 8X8 area can contain only two colors, but the colors are inde- pendent of colors that might appear in other 8X8 areas. Another method to set up a bit- mapped screen is to use multicolor hi-res, if you choose to use multicolor mode which could be called medium-res , you trade half the horizontal resolution in re- turn for two additional colors.<\/p>\n

Instead of X , the screen has double- width pixels X lines. Each pixel re- quires two bits binary 00, 01, 10, or 21 to define the color. Color memory stilt con- trols an 8 X 8 section of the screen, but the pixels are twice as wide, so you really have only a4 X 8 area to work in.<\/p>\n

The 32 pixels can contain one of four different colors. Again, the separate sections of the screen are independent of each other, al- though one of the colors is universal. Some screens that seem to be hi-res actually use custom characters. Each character can have an individual fore- ground color based on the number in color memory in addition to a background color shared among all characters. Multi- color characters can have an individual foreground color plus two other common colors in addition to the background.<\/p>\n

Characters can also be displayed in extettded background color mode, which reduces by a factor of four the number of available characters 64 instead of , but multiplies by four the number of back- ground colors. You can then choose one of the 16 available colors for the character in the foreground and one of four background colors for the rest of the 8X8 character grid.<\/p>\n

Pictures On Disk I recently purchased a Commodore One of the main reasons 1 chose the is because 1 heard of its easy-to- use graphics capabilities that are acces- sible from BASIC, I have written many hi-res programs and wish to save just the pictures to disk, preferably with the BSAVE command. Is this possible? How could 1 do it? BLOAD and BSAVE were intended primarily for machine language programs, but they can also be used to load and save hi-res pictures, sprite shapes, character sets, function key definitions, and so on.<\/p>\n

After i booted it for the first time and before I copied it, 1 managed to “nuke” the disk. Now, the first side still boots up, but the second side gives me a disk error and prints a whole bunch of question marks. What happened to my disk and how can!<\/p>\n

You must turn on the computer or type BOOT while side one is in the disk drive. When the second side is in the drive, type DIR to see if you can get a directory. Then type DIR again.<\/p>\n

You’ll not only make their holidays happy, you’ll spread cheer all year. Because they’ll re- member your thoughtfulness every time they receive another fresh and exciting issue. Think of the people on your gift list and, don’t forget yourself! Computel’s Gazette will bring them up to 20 all-new, action- packed programs each month \u2014 plus reviews, updates, analysis and more.<\/p>\n

It’s so easy to give a gift of Computel’s Gazette. At this Happy Holiday rate, you can afford to make a lot of people happy \u2014 and wrap up your holiday shop- ping fast!<\/p>\n

An attractive gift card comes with each gift subscription, happy Holidays to you. Special holiday Package Make that extra-special person extra happy. See the DKl li- censing agreement that came with the disk.<\/p>\n

It says that defects in the media meaning a disk that doesn’t work are covered and you can return the disk for a replacement. Addressing Envelopes I have a Commodore 64 with a printer.<\/p>\n

I routinely use SpeedScript for letters with tractor-feed paper. I have trouble with regular single sheet paper and I have been unable to type enve- lopes. How do I do this? George A. Clark When you’re using SpeedScript with sin- gle sheets of paper, you should put the page-wait command at the top of the doc- ument.<\/p>\n

You’ll be prompted for a format key; type the letter w for “wait between pages”. You may have to set the bottom margin a little higher as well. When a page has printed, SpeedScript will print a line that reminds you to insert he next sheet. The Commodore printer has a paper sensor that causes the printer to stop when it thinks it has run out of paper. By using the page-wait command, you can avoid most problems caused by the sensor. The printer won’t print envelopes be- cause of the paper sensor.<\/p>\n

When you’ve lined up the envelope, the printer thinks it’s out of paper and refuses to continue. Here’s a way to use your printer to address envelopes: Place a piece of paper between the flap and the main envelope. Carefully pick up the paper and envelope together and insert them top first into the printer.<\/p>\n

Advance the paper until the top of the envelope shows. The piece of paper you’ve inserted fools the paper sensor into thinking there’s more paper. Is there a reset command that will leave Fasttoad in place?<\/p>\n

Brian Johnson We don’t usually respond to programming questions about specific commercial prod- ucts it’s best to address inquiries to the software company that produces the pro- gram , but within a week after we received your letter, two answers appeared in the “Feedback” mailbox, so this must be a common problem. Here they are: The Fastload manual states that the only way to use the car- tridge after it has been deactivated is to turn the 64 off and on again.<\/p>\n

The warm start is easy; all it does is re-enable the Fastload com- mands without clearing the screen or erasing any program in memory. Just SYS The cold start is similar to SYS but also en- ables Fastload. Below is a program that does it. The variable S can be set to any value where there are 6 free bytes of memory. Albert H. Cooper, III Thanks to both of you for the answer to this question. These two signals are available on the port labeled RGBI.<\/p>\n

You can use either a monochrome monitor, also called a green-screen or an amber-screen, or a composite color moni- tor such as the 1 or 1 to obtain 80 columns in monochrome. For the or , connect the monochrome input to the jack on the rear of the monitor labeled LUMA. Monochrome means one color, but you really have three colors: dark, light, and a gray shade that’s between the wo extremes.<\/p>\n

To build your own cable, buy a length of coaxial cable, an RCA male plug, and a standard male nine-pin D connector Ra- dio Shack part The nine-pin connector is the.<\/p>\n

Pin 1 of the RGBI connector is ground and pin 7 is the monochrome output. See page of the System Guide for a diagram, I which is arranged as if you were inside the computer looking out. Connect pin 1 to the outside portion of the coaxial cable and pin 7 to the inner wire. Batteries In- cluded, Microvations, and Cardco have such cables for sale ask your local Com- modore dealer for details.<\/p>\n

Some Commo- dore dealers also make their own cables. I am interested in designing my own terminal programs and need infor- mation on this. It is without a doubt the most popular micro- computer protocol for uploading and downloading. Data is sent in blocks of bytes, with a check- sum and other extra information which insures that each block is received correctly. XMODEM transfers always involve eight-bit bytes; if you are using a telecom- munications program, make sure that you are communicating with a word length of eight bits and no parity.<\/p>\n

Respectively, they are used to mark the start of a data block SOH , and to indicate when the transmission is com- plete EOT , when a block has been re- ceived successfully ACK , and when an error has occurred in receiving a block NAK. The first 3 bytes of the block are called the header. The next 1 28 bytes contain the ac- tual data being transferred, and the last byte contains a checksum.<\/p>\n

When the block number exceeds , it flips over to zero not one. The third byte is he block com- plement, a value equal to the ones com- plement of the block number \u2014 the k Thenyin Chosen by Real Pilots s Thetotfghestbvoluatore of flying simulotions aren’t compuler buffs, rhoy’ra actuot pilofs ahd flight pro- Ir.<\/p>\n

And when ftieso flyers lalk ritjthenficify and roallsm. His conclusion: “this simulalion is one that really does live up to its rool-iite counterparl I find AcBoJn completely absorbing and very oxciling.<\/p>\n

We regularty hear from mliito’Vondcommorcial Air-. From iMHicroProse; Ihe Hying simulators chosen not only by computer enthusiasts, but also by real pilofs Atoll X I. Together, the block mm- bermtd complvment alloto both computers to make sure they are synchronized deal- ing with the same block.<\/p>\n

The data bytes may contain any sort of eight-bit data executable programs as well as ordinary ASCH text. The checksum is the eight-bit sumof all data bytes. It’s reset to zero at the begin- ning of each block, and flips over to zero whenever it exceeds Sender waits for an initial NAKfrom receiver.<\/p>\n

Receiver sends a NAK to initiate the transfer. Transfer of blocks. Sender transmits a bytc block consisting of a one-byle SOH character, one-byte block number, oyie-byte block numlyer complement, bytes of data, and a one-byte checksum.<\/p>\n

If the receiver gets the block successfully, if sends an ACK lo say, “I got that block okay; send the next one. Sender transmits an EOT character to signal the end of the trans- mission.<\/p>\n

Since the transfer is largely automatic, each computer must have a means of aborting the process if too many errors occur. Sender aborts the transfer if it doesn’t receive an initiating NAK from the receiver after ten lO-second timeouts seconds total.<\/p>\n

Receiver aborts the transfer if ten second timeouts occur without its receiving an SOH. Triinsfer of block. Sender transmits a byte block, then waits for a response from the receiver. Receiver waits for each block to arrive, sending a NAK every ten seconds if no SOH appears, and abort- ing transfer if ten such timeouts occur for any block. After receiving an SOH, the re- ceiver reduces the timeout interval to one second for each of the remaining bytes in the block, and sends a NAK to request retransmission if more than ten t-second timeouts occur for any single byte this 20 COMPUTEfs Gazette November covers the case where a block contains too few bytes.<\/p>\n

If all bytes arrive on time, the receiver sends a NAK if the first byte is not an SOH or if the block number, com- plement, or checksum does not match. If the receiver gets a duplicate block caused when the sender fails to recognize an ACK , it throws away the duplicate and sends an ACK to say, “I got that block al- ready; send the next one.<\/p>\n

If the sender’s EOT is lost, or the settder simply stops senditig, the re- ceiver eventually aborts because it experi- ences ten second titneouls without receiving anything.<\/p>\n

If the sender does not receive the receiver’s final ACK, it aborts when ten second timeouts occur. Note that if the very last black of data contains feuter than bytes, the sender “pads” the block with extra characters, often nulls ASCII 0. Its major limitations arise because, understandably enough, it relies on eight -bit arithmetic.<\/p>\n

Programs designed for use with commercial infor- mation services often relax the timittg re- quirements increase the timeout periods as ivell, to allow for the delays caused by telephone packet-switching networks.<\/p>\n

More recent protocols such as Kermit transmit data in byte or even larger blocks. Video Banks [ am in the process of writing an arcade- style game for the 64 which uses both sprites and hi-res grapliics. Unfortu- nately, 1 have more than 50 sprite shapes, so the shapes and the hi-res screen cannot be located in block zero. The screen memory and character memory must be moved also. Do the sprite pointers change from to ?<\/p>\n

Can you help? Dean Kreutzer The VIC-U video chip handles all graph- ics, including sprites, hi-res screens, char- acter shapes, and screen memory for ordinary characters. If you have a character screen at locations , with sprite pointers at , and you move the video to bank 1, Ihe new sprite pointers will be lo- cated at 1S See details elsewhere in this issue.<\/p>\n

And you don’t even have to leave your room. With them, they can bring the world to its knees. TItc U. Using their satellite yon can get into the complex with your computer. AH yon have to do is locate the combina- tions to the safe, find and open it, and get llie documents out. Sounds simple enough. Gii;ird patrols. And something called.. Tlie Annihilator. Plus, your only map is the one you’ve got to make while not being discovered by all of tiie above.<\/p>\n

Your hacking skill is the only thing that can get you out. Bon Voyage. Rieific time. Hacker The fJoomsday Papers de. Atari ST and Macintosh computers. Atari and ST are trademarks of Atari Corp.<\/p>\n

Apple and Macintosh are trademarfcsof Apple Computer. Aetiwsion is the registered trademark of Act ivision. It’s been hap- pening for years in the mainframe and minicomputer environ- ment, and is fast becoming the norm in the microcomputer programming world. As computers grow more powerful, soft- ware becomes more complex \u2014 and programmers often find themselves with too much of a good thing. Less than ten years later, Crawford is now working on a computer with K of RAM, de- signing a game that will operate only on computers with a minimum of K of memory.<\/p>\n

That mush- rooming growth in available mem- ory is the trend that Crawford says has most dramatically affected his work and that of every other pro- gram designer today. Running Away From Us At the same dme that he and other programmers are enjoying this ex- panded memory, Crawford issues a warning: “Basically, the hardware is running away from us,” To understand that cautionary note, consider Crawford’s own his- tory in the programming busi- ness \u2014 a tenure that surpasses that of most other programmers in dura- tion and success.<\/p>\n

After working in the impossi- ble space of IK in , Crawford moved up to 8K in with his first commercial game, Tatiktics, then jumped to the then unheard- of 16K in with his popular game. Eastern Front. Another game, Excalibur, was created in to run on a machine with 48K, His re- cent highly acclaimed Balance of Power requires K of memory. And now he’s in the midst of de- signing a game that requires K to operate. In the days when he had litde RAM to work with, Crawford dis- covered what many other program- mers \u2014 professional and amateur hackers alike \u2014 have since learned.<\/p>\n

When you want to squeeze a good program into a small space, you have to write your programs in ma- chine assembly language. So-called high-level languages like BASIC and Pascal are fairly large programs, which use up a lot of memory themselves.<\/p>\n

So, Craw- ford and many others studied ma- chine language, and discovered the thrill of communicating one-to-one with the computer. While the task was not a simple one, the programs were small, fast, and elegant. But when Crawford began to climb up to computers with larger memories, he quickly found a dif- ferent problem. I worked in Pascal. It’s difficult to imagine someone writing a K program in assembly language. Al- though people do it, it’s very hard.<\/p>\n

A few programmers noticed that the extra memory was making some programmers lazy \u2014 wasting all of that formerly precious memo- ry by writing sloppy code.<\/p>\n

But, says Crawford, that’s not the real problem. All of this extra memory is cheap. It’s the quality of the program itself that’s suffering today, he adds. That’s not so much a problem. I o you waste paper clips in your office? Big deal,” says Crawford with a laugh. In earlier days, a 30K pro- gram might have had 12K of actual program the meat and 18K of data the meat extender.<\/p>\n

Today, Craw- ford is seeing programs with 40K of real programming and K of meat extender. But, one that will change over time only slowly. Emerging Design Teams How are commercial program de- signers coping with this problem? For several good reasons, the enor- mous changes in available memory and much more powerful and flexi- ble computer systems have given rise to software design teams.<\/p>\n

Pro- grammers, graphic artists, testers, project directors \u2014 all work together to create the best possible program. These teams also use a host of pro- gramming tools, usually built up through earlier projects, which be- come a virtual library of program- ming tricks and timesavers. Although Sid Meier’s popular flight simulators and air combat software have been based on his oivu development libraries, he started from scratch when creating the screens for the MicroProse submarine simulation.<\/p>\n

Silent Service. Gorry Kitchen’s GamcMaker package includes a SpriteMaker among its arsenal of progratmning tools for nonprogrammers.<\/p>\n

This library of development tools is composed of building blocks, every- thing from a static background to sound and sprite programming rou- tines from earlier games the compa- ny has produced. He’s been a part of many changes that have made his teams of designers more effective.<\/p>\n

While Meier may do much of the actual program design, it’s Mi- croProse resident historian Ed Bever who conducts the research to make sure that the final product de- sign is as accurate as possible in a game. They work as a team, bring- ing together talents that would be difficult to find in just one designer.<\/p>\n

The approach they took with that game is similar to any program they might tackle, says Murray. And then we write the rules. The emphasis from the start in Wizard’s Crown was on tactical combat, “We came up with the basic al- gorithm, tested it to see if it worked. Frankie have sent you over 60 t4! Taslts ranging from the search for the Speciai Door – ttie Door lo triviai.<\/p>\n

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To order by m»ll: Wo accept money order cemlied check, personal otieck. Allow 2 weeks lor persona! FPO, AK. While Brors worked on the characters and the data surround- ing them, Murray concentrated on working out the combat situations. Later, the two put together what they’d worked out individually, but the entire process was one of con- stant interaction. Even SSI Presi- dent Joel Billings, who has extensive experience as a war gamer and a game designer, gets in- volved as a tester and fine-tuner in the SSI development process.<\/p>\n

Computer game enthusiasts today usually demand exceptional- ly well developed color graphics. To answer that need, one of the changes in program design is the emergence of the art director, whose job it is to make sure that the computer graphics are as effective as possible. At Epyx, a company known for its graphically excellent action games, Michael Kosaka serves as art director for computer graphics. Managing a staff of four other artists, Kosaka works with individ- ual project managers and program- mers, trying to get the right mix of graphics and game play.<\/p>\n

Like a number of other companies, Epyx’ designers build many products with in -house development tools. Kosaka even has a set of graphics tools that let him create any images he wants without having to be an expert in machine language.<\/p>\n

Thrashing Things Out “I think my goal is to try to get the absolutely best images I can,” he says. And he admits that part of what he likes most about his work is “thrashing things out with the programmers, working with them, pushing and learning from them. We’ve found a nice blend of give and take, and it works out real well.<\/p>\n

As a game designer and an artist himself, he sends samples of sprites and storyboards to the programmers for their development. He’s seen the way that today’s computers, especially the Commo- dore 64, can produce results far be- yond what programmers just two years ago felt were possible.<\/p>\n

It’s the same basic ma- chine, but a lot of new things are going on with it. And a lot of that is experience, hacking away at it. After creating Activision’s The De- signer’s Pencil by himself. Kitchen began work on what was to become the popular GameMaker program.<\/p>\n

GameMaker is a package that lets the nonprogrammer create workable, stand-alone action games, including sprites, sound ef- fects, music, and background scenes.<\/p>\n

Just as commercial program designers now use their own devel- opment libraries and refined tools, GameMaker lets the nonprogram- mer have much the same thing \u2014 only less powerful, “The GameMaker code is prob- ably K; it takes up almost all of one side of a disk,” notes Kitchen.<\/p>\n

Since GameMaker is essentially composed of five separate sound and graphics modules. All five mod- ules must work together, so Kitchen and DeMeo had to carefully design and program each section. He prefers to stay with ma- chine language despite the rigors such a course involves with large programs, “I’m always dedicated to maxing out the hardware.<\/p>\n

If I write a program in assembly language and someone else writes in C, my program will be better,” What’s more. Kitchen’s current project, a new game, is so far a solo effort, He admits, however, that he may bring in sonje help on the graphics work, A Monk In A Monastery Chris Crawford maintains that there’s still plenty of room for the program designer who’s willing to invest thought and energy.<\/p>\n

In fact, he’s convinced that it’s this type of programmer who will, in the long run, prevail. What is programming?<\/p>\n

We’re in the middle of a transition from one regime to another. The first regime is the monk in the mon- astery copying a manuscript\u2014 the programmer does what the com- puter does well,” says Crawford, “The new regime is program- ming as an act of communication: The emphasis is on what we should say. People will become bored with communication that says nothing. That’s rather like opening a book that has an illuminated manuscript, but is nothing more than ‘Mary had a little lamb’ \u2014 not saying anything.<\/p>\n

There are a lot of weeds in the gar- den, but they’re not choking out the roses. Even with microcomputer memories quickly approaching one, two, and four megabytes, there will be designers who prefer a solo ap- proach to programming tasks.<\/p>\n

But, just as clearly, commercial software for microcomputers is now reach- ing a point where the combined tal- ents of a group of programmers can be a potent force in bringing new products to the software marketplace. Maybe you still do some’ times \u2014 whenever you can get enough people together. Did you ever wish you could play by yourself? Or make changes in the map? Wouldn’t it be great if you could attack North Africa from North America?<\/p>\n

Or Japan from Brazil? Announcing Lords of Conquest'” from Elec- tronic Arts. It isn’t RISK It’s a conquer- the -world board game that explodes with new life and new pos- sibilities because it uses all the power of your computer. M fun far oae as it is for four music, color graphics, and strategic challenges impos- sible in a board game.<\/p>\n

European Wan, and The World. No more mucking around with cards and dice and little pieces of plastic that roll under the couch. Like exterminating the opposition. The dsrecr prkc is JIZ. Allow 4 weeks for iJcilvcrv. Apple it a registered [radcmark of Apple compulcri. Here’s a beginner’s guide to one of the most useful items in a programmer’s toolkit. Milham Silent keys: leukemia mortality in amateur radio S.<\/p>\n

Bowman JD et al. Exposures to extremely low frequencyelec- Info. USA: Inst. May operators. Lancet Myers A et al. Overhead powerlines and childhood cancer, in 3. Wertheimer N. Leeper E. Electrical wiring configuration and Proc. Conf, on Electric and Magnetic Fields in medicine Perry FS. Pearl L. I Icalth effects of ELF fields and illness in childhood cancer. Am 1 Epidemiol. December London, IEE Conf. Public Ilealth no. Environmental power frequency magnetic fields Advice on the Protection of Workers and Members of and suicide.<\/p>\n

Ilealth Physics Bawin SM. Adey WR. Sensitivity of calcium binding in cere- the Public from the Possible Hazards of Electric and Magnetic bral tissue to weak environmental electric fields oscillating at low Fields with Frequencies helow GIlz. A Consultative 5. Tomenius L. NY Acad. Didcot, Oxon. Bioelectmmegnetics Adey WR at al.<\/p>\n

Effects of weak. Dowson D. Overhead high voltage cables and recurrent calcium efflux front awake cat cerebral cortex. The Practitioner April Adult cancer related to electrical Bioelectromagnetics Int 1 Epidemiol. Possible effects of electric blankets. Milham Blackman CF el al. Bioelectromagnetics 7. Mortality from leukemia in workers exposed to elec- 50 IIz RF fields on the efflux of calcium ions from brain tissue New Engl I Med.<\/p>\n

Bioelectromagnetics Stern FB el al. A case -control study of leukemia at a naval nuclear Wen hcimer N. Some Supplementary Analyses of shipyard. Am J Epidemiol. Power Lines Project. Dept of Preventive 9. Coleman M. Bell J. Colorado , USA. Ahlhom A el al. Biological Effects of Power Line Fields. New Pearce NE et al. Scientific Advisory Panel Final Wertheimer N, Leeper E. Fetal loss associated with two sea- Zealand. July I. Copies available free front: Charlene sonal sources of electromagnetic field exposure.<\/p>\n

Corning Tower. Rm Vagero D, Olin R. Incidence of cancer in the electronics indus- Empire State Plaza. Albany- NY Wenhimer N. Magnetic field exposure related cancer screening instrument. Br 1 Indust Med. Savitz DA. Childhood cancer and electromagnetic fieldexpo- subtypes. Anil Epidemiol. Swerdlow Al. Epidemiology of eye cancer in adults in England Wenheimer N. Microwave News. Guidelines on limits of exposure to radiofrequency Lin RS et al.<\/p>\n

Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields Gila. Ilealth Physics 10 : The IRPA’s new guide- McDowall M1. Mortality of persons resident in the vicinityof and the occurrence of brain tumors. I Occupat Med. Br 1 Cancer Thomas TL et al. Brain tumor mortality nsk among men early 1: details of them are reponed in the New York -based – with electrical and electronics jobs: a case -control study.<\/p>\n

Leukaemia and residence nearelectricity Cancer Inst. Cancer: Milham S. Increased morality in amateur radio operators due McDowall ME. Leukemia mortality in electrical workers in to lymphatic and hematoprietic malignancies. Am I Epidemiol. England and Wales. Industrial Injuries Advisory Council. Non -Ionizing Radiation. Coggon D. A survey of cancer and occupation in young Calle EE. Leukemia and occupational exposure to and middle aged men.<\/p>\n

Non -respiratory cancers. Br I Indust electromagnetic fields: review of epidemiological surveys. Very high stability phase -locked oscillators operating directly on the Masthead or local use.<\/p>\n

Phase TYPE Gain dB variable. As above. Two stage Gasfet preamplifier. Gain 25dB amplifiers. High Q filter. Tuned to your specified channels in bands TYPE Frequency as specified in the range MHz. UHF two stage Gasfet preamplifier. Gain TYPE High O filter. Full -wave shottky diode protected inputs. TYPE Voltage regulated local or TYPE Includes integra. Gain 10dB. Gain 20dB. Gain 30dB. Gain 60dB adjustable dB. TYPE Receiving.<\/p>\n

Low noise Gasfet front-end. Tel: S0 4. S0 50A5 1. S0 83 8. S0 5. S5 U35 3. S0 DG10A 8. SO 1. SO 9. S0 7A8 3. E88 C 88C 01 3. S0 6. No riage was observed when VDU oper- accepts the relevant NRPB exposure significant trend with increased expo- ators were compared to non -working guidelines for the different frequencies sure was demonstrated but the resear- women. The survey also found a 40 per emitted.<\/p>\n

The and VDUs. Although postnatal ing, alcohol consumption, or other of exposure. In fact, it will tend to controls showed a significant difference maternal characteristics. It recently pub-. One of the main aims of the cam- However, these are somewhat ad paign is to get legislation to give pre- Such was the impact of the Kaiser – hoc measures given that they still rely gnant women and those attempting to Permanente study that in the following on the conventional cathode ray tube become pregnant the right to transfer issue of the prestigious American Jour- CRT and fly -back transformer, which to alternative work, based on the prop- nal of Industrial Medicine in which it generates pulsed, saw-toothed magne- osition that women should not have to was published, the editor, Dr Baruch tic fields.<\/p>\n

It is these pulsed fields that wait for conclusive proof that VDUs Modan, stated in his editorial that EM have caused perhaps the most concern, pose reproductive hazards before steps radiation ‘from computer screens exposure to similar fields having been are taken to prevent the possible risk.<\/p>\n

Further studies are now in progress LCD screens in various countries, with the HSE funding one at the London School of For those wishing to avoid generating Hygiene and Tropical Medicine by Drs such fields altogether, the latest state- Valerie Beral and Eve Roman, which of-the-art screens are liquid crystal will also consider electric blanket use display LCD , whose technology has and whose results are due shortly. Although still not quite up due to report soon”. Dri- January , which has led to a debate ven by the technology of video -phones in the House of Lords over Britain’s and video-conferencing, LCD screens response and compliance Iluws V.<\/p>\n

Pearce BG. Benoit CM et al. Are video display terminals a source of increased PCB concentration in the working environment? One answer. Achive of Occ. Health, Ericson A. Kallen BG. An epidemiological study of work with video screens and pregnancy outcome: 1. A registry. Am J Ind Med and McDonald A et al. Visual display units and pregnancy: evidence from the Montreal survey.<\/p>\n

J Occ Med. Kruppa K et al. Birth defects and exposure to visual display terminals during pregnancy. Scand J Work Environ I lealth, I ISE. Working with VDUs. Bryant HE. Love EJ. Video display terminal use and spontaneous abortion risk. Goldhaber MK et al.<\/p>\n

The risk of miscarriage and birth defects among women who use visual display terminals during pregnancy. Health aspects of work with visual display terminals.<\/p>\n

Bramwell RS. Davidson Mi. Visual display units VDUs. I – and reproductive health – the unresolved controversy. The Psychologist: Bull. Br Pysch Soc. Visual Display Units with evidence. Paper ,E8. Early PMF exposure shows greater effects. VDT News City Centre. Stress and VDU Work. IOGHz wavelength 3cm produced a and whole live animals includ- toxic or organic, and repelling any decrease in the phosphorylation conver- ing man , has been the subject invaders by a variety of mechanisms still sion of sugar into phosphate factor in of increasing scientific curiosity during little understood.<\/p>\n

Here, too, experiments liver mitochondria, and an increase in res- recent decades. This is partly because of with EM fields throw light on some of piratory control in kidney mitochondria. In such studies, yes there ing, immune defence, and the regulation any rate is hazardous, and can produce are effects, but what do they mean?<\/p>\n

The history of ionizing expo- Despite advances, we still do not sure limits has been in consequence one Initial Confusion know what controls the organic cell cycle of continuously falling values, from 10 The triglyceride story is another exam- in any multicellular creature.<\/p>\n

Were it not for this, we would soon zling and no clear pattern has yet emerged up to a week, during which time they lose our familiar appearance, from face to to explain them consistently. As Szent- were exposed for up to one day to mag- fingerprints, and within a year perhaps be Gyorgyi, the Nobel prizewinning physi- netic fields of about l0’T at 45Hz much unrecognisable. The subjects’ serum tral commands of the system are passed basic fact about life is still missing.<\/p>\n

Given the Without any such master plan, the spo- problems, the finding initially caused average speed of nervous conduction at radic results of research to date are like some concern’. But applying and protein synthesis, which are somehow Such facts which emerge are often, in the same field to rhesus monkeys accomplished in about five separate peri- consequence, almost equally confusing.<\/p>\n

Delorge4 produced the reverse effect: a ods, totalling a mere minutes each significant but unrepeated decrease was night. Unit of biologi- found. And when Beischer himself tried The science of immunology was born cal dose given by the product of the the same thing out on mice in Its students realise that absorbed dose in rads and the relative results were also negatives, as were the there is a complex system of recognition biological efficiency of the radiation.<\/p>\n

The influence of I. Though Smith and Best” say that a review by Grissett” Beischer’s for- mer colleague omits any reference to Beischer’s work, implying that skuldug- gery was afoot, it was in fact extensively reviewed by Bridges and Preache in their overview of the biological effects of power frequency fields for the IEEE, and the problems pointed out”. One might suppose that if you imprison a few young naval officer dropouts in a small room for a week with nothing much to do, they might start to put on fatty tissue from an uncontrolled diet, or even start arguing and fighting among themselves to use up some of their energy, which is what hap- pened.<\/p>\n

As Beischer himself recorded at the time: “No effects were seen which could definitely be linked with the mag- netic field. However, serum triglycerides in most subjects appear to be affected by some factor, or combination of factors, associated with the experimental protocol. The number of subjects is too small, how- ever, to include statistically other factors such as psycho -physiological reactions to forced changes in personal living habits, modified activities, restrictive diet and confinement”.<\/p>\n

I personally doubt that any Y. In an Italian team Conti, Gigante, el al. Have we found the fifth Italian Congress of Radiobiology nucleus’. However, after removal of the a radio transmission mechanism in biolo- at Turin what he called modestly “a few powerful At m-‘ magnetic field, gy?<\/p>\n

Using a cultured while the controls showed 92 out of 1 x Mastroianni look -alike from the Radiation T-lymphocyte cell line developed from positive results, these only showed 25 out Sciences Division, USAF School of mice CTLL-1 they exposed them to can- of “. Aerospace Medicine at Texas, has been cer cells. Webb was more interested in the looking at the same problem from the for destruction. But when they did the action of microwaves. With a colleague higher radio -frequency point of view for same test while the T-cells were being A.<\/p>\n

Booth in he reported to over a decade. In he published a irradiated by microwaves at MHz the Naturel6 that at specific frequencies cell paper in “Rad Res”, the most important frequency used in America’s new phased- growth was significantly retarded, and scientific journal for radiation scientists, array early -warning system, PAVE- that temperature changes didn’t seem to which proved that radio frequencies can PAWS pulsed at 60Hz, the T-cells’ ability play a part in the effect.<\/p>\n

Thus three fre- alter the immune system, at least at levels to kill the cancer cells was markedly quencies 66, 71, and 73GHz were found which slightly raise the temperature”. He inhibited. Later in they found the to slow the growth of cells, whereas also used mice, which he irradiated at same thing with power frequencies”: the 68GHz microwaves stimulated it.<\/p>\n

This had the effect of increasing in the presence of an electromagnetic of Pharmacy at Illinois, was following up their core temperature by two degrees field, evidence perhaps that this ‘radio some early post-war work by J.<\/p>\n

It also induced acute transient interference’ was disrupting normal oper- Barnothy which found that, if mice were lymphopenia, that is to say loss of the ations in some way. Paul Brodeur refers to placed in magnetic fields their cell divi- vital lymphocytes which alone stand Lyle’s work in a series of New Yorker sion mitosis was generally retarded.<\/p>\n

The between us and infection. Though critics have attacked life -span of leucocyte in the blood is what Madeleine Barnothy had seen: there some other parts of his piece, which short, of the order of one day, she pointed was a subsequent relative increase in caused a good deal of interest at the time, out. Should the magnetic field affect the splenic T- and B- lymphocytes and, more- detractors have remained ominously silent leucocyte -producing organs, the leucocyte over, these elevated levels were further about these immune system effects.<\/p>\n

In following exposures were given at three -hourly s, Webb in the s, and of up her notion she accidentally reproduced intervals. But if the mice were warmed Madeleine and J. Barnothy in the s leukemic conditions in her subjects: simply by applying hot air to achieve the and s on whole animals had already applying a vertical magnetic field did same temperature rise, there was no effect found similar effects. In , Mario decrease the number of circulating leuco- on the mouse T-cells.<\/p>\n

Liburdy’s tests were not in the test tube, they were in vivo: but do mice react the same as human beings might? The disturbing thing about Lyle’s field strengths they were at z, the frequen- cy of the domestic US electricity supply was that they were only at about 0. Caution is counselled, however, because several factors affect this interpretation: I reduced cytotoxicity has so far been seen only in an in vitro preparation: 2 mouse, Interior negatively charged : rather than human cells were studied: 3 Section of cell membrane.<\/p>\n

EM fields cause calcium loss and collapse of the protein our observations involve only one clone molecules leading to breakdown of the cell membrane. If subtle insults to the immune due to the influence of cultural levels, whether NI-EMFs affect human beings system by chronic exposure to appropriate subjective moods, consciousness, and deleteriously, such experiments also throw fields were cumulative, field strengths other environmental factors of the sub- light on life’s deepest processes, and in needed for a significant long-term inhibi- jects.<\/p>\n

In contrast, the WBC phagocytosis particular begin to suggest that multicellu- tion of specific cells might be less than is an objective index of non-specific lar animals actually use some form of those observed in the short-term assays immune function”. Lyle’s results have since been replicat- Bioelectricity. It was his Alberts, Bray and the team who devel- same as events in the live body.<\/p>\n

So are research into the effects of radar on Polish oped a recent massive textbook on cellular there any equally conclusive results, and servicemen which caused something of a biology”. The team includes the famous is the immune competence of whole live shock in epidemiological circles, by Jim Watson, who with Francis Crick and a animals also affected by magnetic -field reporting that, in a large-scale survey, London University team first described exposure at those minuscule levels?<\/p>\n

Whatever the details, the triggering work, particularly from the eastern bloc’. Chiang and G. Yao, to salmonella in mice, rabbits, and guinea begun, DNA replication will continue from the Microwave Institute of Zhejiang pigs immunized following several months until all of the cell’s DNA is replicated”.<\/p>\n

Medical University, is nothing if not of exposures to 10GHz microwaves at Watching the million linked laconic. Unfortunately, the conditions nucleotides in a human chromosome start “We investigated the effects of expo- of irradiation, time of daily sessions and to uncoil, as if in response to a mysterious sure to environmental magnetic fields in even the period of exposure were not signal, and with a startling speed spill out subjects.<\/p>\n

Neutrophil phagocytosis described”. Visual reaction current spate of salmonella enteritises out- itself. The spilled nucleotides of DNA time was prolonged. When one considers that an electron microscope would fill an A3 some high -intensity exposure groups.<\/p>\n

NI EMFs may affect the central nervous four-hour irradiation of the hen and egg For over a decade Reba Goodman, and immune systems in man”. Thus runs alike by power-frequency light and heat, who is always ready to listen to critics of their abstract.<\/p>\n

In she. The subjects were living and work- Most of the acceptable information on immunological responses to low-level long-term exposure of experimental ani- presented three papers Bioelectromagnetics Society’s annual at.<\/p>\n

Szmigielsky cites four communicate their research progress”. Again, the power densi- 0. On the other ties and amplitudes used were minute: 0. Why and how do these elec-. Meanwhile an Austrian researcher, place. These scaffolding poles are on its head and discovered that cells them- absent or virtually absent in cancer selves give off ultra -weak photon emis- sions. Using cucumber cells, he found that ” Ross Adey saw a cells Are the dying cells communicating positively charged ing site on the cell’s nucleus wall and the fact of their demise by minimum – starts to grow outward, mainly at the posi- power radio -telemetry to some distant calcium from cells tively charged end, towards the negatively charged interior of the plasma membrane.<\/p>\n

Hospital have been addressing this enigma for nearly twenty years. His in this way. What happens when the cell mem- minute potential difference which acts as brane is exposed to any alternating EM an electrical barrier for the plasma mem- field is still a mystery, but in Susan brane, can signal to each other at a local Bawin and Ross Adey saw a tell -tale level. A similar result with human mononuclear the microtubules breaking down, leaving a surfeit of calcium inside the cell, which was then expelled?<\/p>\n

Without their vital cies as are detected in EEG records cells was obtained by Stephen Cleary at supplies of calcium the cells subsequently 25Hz , has an inhibiting or sometimes Virginia’s Commonwealth University, risked becoming neoplastic, or cancerous. In this case they used In following up this mysterious efflux of including the vital activity of cell division MHz CW the frequency of all calcium from brain tissue cells, Ross and protein synthesis.<\/p>\n

Adey found that threads of protein from As Reba Goodman points out, an anal- When they examined the cells after one, the cell walls can sense weak electric ysis of the specific cellular responses to three and five days, they found that there fields and transmit them to the inside of NI-EMFs, based on an electrochemical had been a highly significant degree of the cell; a cellular aerial of a sort.<\/p>\n

Adey also found that channels in a cell’s plasma membrane and another mitogen. This implies Blank, BBA, , predicts that intercellular signals, if carried by that the charged surfaces involved in Cellular Breakdown high -frequency carriers, must be coherent. The when phosphorylation is interfered with variety of mechanisms and models energy necessary to convey that message by protein kinase effectively enzyme offered. Currently interest is centred on must come front within the cell itself, activators “.<\/p>\n

They found that when a cell cell membranes and the transport of sig- claims Frohlich. Frohlich points out quoting minutes. If a cell was given the protein brane presents a formidable electric barri- Bullock.<\/p>\n

The same effect between the interior negatively charged As if anticipating the central nature of could be achieved with the help of a mod- and the exterior positively charged is morphogenetic control the way in which ulated microwave field. However, in three groups of Inside the cell there are microtubular the electroencephalogram. It RF field, pulsed at Certainly the human brain is organised spatially so that the highest and strongest. Wilder Penfield and Karl Lashley found r.<\/p>\n

Not long before then, Hans Berger had discovered oscilla- tions from the brain at 10Hz’, and rl’ Cazamalli claimed to have detected very much higher frequencies”. Without actually saying so, all these specialist researchers into the bio-effects of EM energy are being forced to admit a that cells intercommunicate coherently and b that artificial EM fields interfere with that communication system. It is understandable that the myriad separate cells which comprise any multi – cellular organism are co-ordinated central- ly; indeed, if it had not been postulated one would have had to identify some sim- Low voltage, high current cable runs can induce large fields at bedroom height.<\/p>\n

The backbone of any such co-ordinating system, moreover, group, unlike the controls, had suffered would have to embody a code or flag of some sort unique to that individual collec- minute lesions of cerebellar Purkinje ” The DNA macromolecule, – In Gadsdon and Emery examined locations of SIDS unique, as police pathologists now know, to every single creature, – has to be that the post -mortal brains of over one hun- dred human infants who had been the vic- victims, electric code.<\/p>\n

If cellular biology points the way to tims of sudden infant death syndrome or cot death”. They found similar damage in field strengths EM signalling from the test tube and petri dish, the very same message is emerging the majority of cases: sudden loss of the fatty sheath of the corpus callosum the were at least four from live animal studies.<\/p>\n

Most protein synthesis, as Haider and Oswald showed”, connection between the cortical layers of times normal the two lobes of the cerebellum had led occurs during sleep, and particularly that to coagulation of its fatty tissue round the domestic levels kind of sleep known as ‘paradoxical sleep’. It is called paradoxical because blood vessels of the lateral ventricles. One study by Eckert in the same year’ without exception” sleep scientists could not understand why, had pointed out that in Hamburg, West when the body was so inert and “dead to Germany and Philadelphia in the USA.<\/p>\n

Could it he that ways. Following up these studies I too to the new location it would unexpectedly the brain itself was communicating found that at the actual cot locations of be found dead, with the only prior indica- instructions for the mitosis and protein SIDS victims, electric field strengths were tion a few snuffles, suggestive of minor synthesis which took place at such times?<\/p>\n

Could this be evidence Measuring the fields in the new cot EMFs and Cot Deaths that the neonatal brain’s transmission sys- location, I would typically Before one can examine such specula- tem had overloaded in trying to compete find electric field levels of around tions it is important to imagine what hap- with an interfering signal?<\/p>\n

Hans Ame Hanssen deserves further investigation. Often the off the electricity at the mains would col- of Gothenburg has devoted most of the source was obvious; for example, an lapse this field completely. His classic experi- infant would characteristically sleep in the A study by two US researchers, Barnes ment placed two groups of young mam- parental bedroom for the first few week and Wachtel”, this year established that mals from the same litters underneath after return from the maternity hospital.<\/p>\n

So the cot -death protected by a Faraday cage. After several ly. Meanwhile, a nursery room might typi- infants had been chronically exposed to months the animals were killed and subse- cally be prepared, and quite naturally the fields many times the norm prior to death. Ayotte et al. Suppression of T-Lymphocyte unwittingly linking cot death to electric cytotoxicity following exposure to 60 Iz sinusoidal electric fields.<\/p>\n

Paul Brodeur. The Zapping of America. Mario Lenzi. A repon of a few recent experiments on the bio-. Radial: Webb and A. Absorbtion of microwaves by Another case was reported in the Lancet organisms. Nature The UK allows microwave expo- Barnothy and J. Biological Effects of Magnetic of an infant found unexpectedly dead alter sure orders of magnitude greater Fields.<\/p>\n

Medical Physics 3. Yearbook Pubs.. RF radiation alters the immune system: Modulation than those existing in Russia and of T. In the US, and at levels which have tence by hypenhermic radiation.<\/p>\n

Radiation Research. Kaune and R. Comparison of the coupling of deaths simply to overheating. A little -reported study by Nancy Birndecrrnntag netics. Considerable concern has been Yao it:ls et al itals. Health effects of envi- Wertheimer also adds weight to the possi- shown in the five deaths that have ronmental electromagnetic fields. Binelertricirv, 8 1 : bility’: she found that foetal loss among occurred at the Royal Signals Modem Bioelectricity Dekker.<\/p>\n

Stanislaw Szmigielski. Marian Bielec et al. Immunologic and more frequently in homes heated by ceil- vern, all from brain tumours, giv- cancer -related aspects of exposure to low-level microwave and radio frequency fields in modem bioelectricity Marino. New York. Since amniotic fluid maintains Physiological mechanisms of action of elec- national average. Street Sports Basketball is the lead title for a new line of sports software. Players pick their own three-person team from ten individ- uals with varying degrees of skill in different areas.<\/p>\n

Four neighborhood scenes, each with its own unique props like curbs, oil slicks, and fences, serve as challenging scenari- os for fast-paced athletic action. Epyx Galveston Dr. Firebird has since brought over a number of popular programs for all major home computer sys- tems, including the graphically rich adventure. The Pawn. Besides intro- ducing a business line at CES, Fire- bird announced several new programs for the Commodore 64, including a followup to The Paion titled Guild of Thieves, which, from a sneak preview, looks to be even more graphically impressive than its predecessor.<\/p>\n

Recently acquired by Ac- tivision, the company continues to create a product line serving all major home computers. Buddy Burbank, and his wife have left you their entire estate, with one stipulation: You must find ten treasures hidden throughout their sprawling Malibu home.<\/p>\n

If you can’t find them in one night, you lose the whole inheritance, Bestselling humor writer Douglas Adams produced a zany hit for Infocom with his computer version of Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy.<\/p>\n

Now he has designed Bu- reaucracy, in which you explore the endless layers of red tape that bind up bureaucratic institutions, Infocom Cambridge Park Dr. Cambridge, MA MlcroProse A leader in simulation software, MicroProse announced an agree- ment recently made with author Tom Clancy to develop his number- one bestselling book.<\/p>\n

Red Storm Ris- ing, into a home computer game along the lines of MicroProse’s oth- er military simulation software. Hunt Valley, MD Mindscape Mindscape made its entry into the software market as an educational publisher, but has since gone on to market a line of entertainment pro- grams, in addition.<\/p>\n

Mindscape Dundee Rd. Anrn-d vvilli iinly J niiichine [;un and h. For riimn«idiire64’i2S'”. Apple II’ ni-ries,. Ki’seiir Iho ‘. I’lir CiinuntHinre W. AMI KL. IMl’Lni kS. MVyjl RSI:VI»«72, Since its startup as an educational soft- ware publisher in , Mindscape has diversified its line to include software in the areas of entertainment, personal productivity, and desktop publishing. While exploring an un- mapped sector of space, the Enter- prise is attacked by aliens who contaminate the food supply, requir- ing you to beam down to a nearby planet to replenish the supply, To win the game, you must solve a se- ries of puzzles found on the planet.<\/p>\n

These games run the gamut from arcade-action to strategy. The Accolade Avantage line in- cludes the Spy vs. A Standard User Interface All of these games, as well as a vari- ety of productivity and educational products introduced at the show, share one characteristic: compati- bility with the Commodore 64 and But that’s where the similarity ends. When those differences add to the variety and interest of a game or an educational package, that’s no problem.<\/p>\n

But, say some observers, the many differences among com- puters and software shouldn’t needlessly confuse and inhibit computer users. Take word processing pro- grams, for example. Though many can execute the same text-editing functions, the commands necessary to use those features are different for each program.<\/p>\n

But, as Seuss has noted, for widespread acceptance of computers, the hardware and software should be as standardized and as compatible as possible \u2014 just as with television sets, toasters, and VCRs. And that has already started to happen, “A lot of hardware compa- nies have contributed, 1 think, to the standardization process, by starting to have a mechanism for a graphics environment interface,” says Seuss. With- in the next 12 months, GEOS was adopted by Commodore as the offi- cial disk operating system for its 64, and a copy is now packaged with every machine that is sold.<\/p>\n

At the Winter CES, a financially reju- venated Commodore drew impres- sive crowds at its booth, and Berkeley’s presence in a large booth across the aisle was commanding. Besides making disk access five to seven times faster and providing a friendly user interface that em- ploys graphics like windows, icons, and pull-down menus, GEOS comes with its own word process- ing program, geoWrite, and drawing program, geoPaint.<\/p>\n

In addition, Berkeley continues to upgrade the system itself and offer add-on packages. At the WCES, Berkeley premiered an column ver- sion of GEOS for the Commodore in model Berkeley also announced a number of new companion packages for the program, including geoCalc and geoFile, a spreadsheet and database manager. From the sophisticated realism, detail, and intellectual stimulation of Flight Simulator For additional products intro- duced or exhibited at CES, see the News and Products section in this and upcoming issues.<\/p>\n

On The Digital Horizon; Compact Disc- Interactive Within the next few years, the crowded aisles and exhibit booths of the Consumer Electronics Shou’ will contain one of the most excit- ing technological developments yet to come in the ongoing digital ex- plosion: compact disc-interactive, currently referred to as CD-I. Right now, no one can be sure exactly what this marriage of com- puters and compact laser discs will look like or how it will be intro- duced on a large scale.<\/p>\n

But the giant consumer electronics companies are already working hard on CD-I, and the computer software and hardware developers are looking at it with great interest. To understand CD-I, you must first know a little something about the compact disc. Most people by now have heard of the growing popularity of audio compact discs, even if they don’t yet own a disc player. These small plastic-coated aluminum discs contain music en- coded digitally in pits that can be read by a low-power laser beam.<\/p>\n

The same factors that make au- dio compact discs so popular apply to digital data from computers as well. But while a CD can hold only about 70 minutes of music, it can store up to megabytes of data. That’s about a quarter of a million pages of text. With search-and-retrieval soft- ware, any of the data stored on the disc can be accessed in seconds and cross-referenced in a variety of ways. That capability makes CD- ROM an incredibly powerful re- search and reference tool for business, education, and, in more limited use, the home.<\/p>\n

CD-ROM players are currently in production and dozens of appli- cations are being developed. The first consumer-oriented package was produced by Grolier Electronic Publishing. Its Academic American Encyclopedia, along with a sophisti- cated indexing system, both fit on part of just one compact disc. In February , Sony and Philips announced tentative speci- fications for a more consumer- oriented compact disc format, compact disc-interactive. CD-I com- bines state-of-the-art microcom- puter technology with compact disc technology.<\/p>\n

So what you have is the processing power of the latest personal com- puters, the huge data storage capac- ity of CD-ROM, unmatched sound and music quality, and advanced graphics capabilities that will even- tually allow full-motion video. In addition, the manufacturers are working together to create a universal standard of compatibility.<\/p>\n

That means that you’ll be able to play any audio CD or any CD-ROM Coiiipuit’v ioftumre companies like Aegis Development are mw beginning to ex- plore the possibilities of the new com- pact disc-interactive CD-t technology. CD-I technology will ultimately force us to rethink traditional no- tions of entertainment and educa- rion, says David Seuss, president of Spinnaker Software, For example, let’s say you have a CD-I program that plays chess.<\/p>\n

You could store every game that’s ever been played by grand masters. At any moment in a game, you could have the pro- gram display examples of how the experts handled similar or identical situations. And, of course, that’s just the beginning. With stereo sound, speech syn- thesis, full-motion video, and advanced graphics-and-text ma- nipulation, CD-I players and pro- grams will bring new meaning to the word interactive.<\/p>\n

CD-I players and software may be widely available as early as Christmas of Much depends on whether the manufacturers of both hardware and software can continue to cooperate in the devel- opment of a single standard.<\/p>\n

It’s probable that by the early s, advanced entertainment, educational, and productivity ap- plications will be available through CD-I. This combination of comput- ers and lasers has the potential to sell into millions of households over the next decade.<\/p>\n

OVER S Personal cfiecks allow 2 wGuks lar procosslng. We are much more concerned with the content of an article than with its style, but arti- cles should as be clear and well-explained as possible. The guidelines below will permit your good ideas and programs to be more easily edited and published: 1. The upper left corner of the first page should contain your name, address, telephone number, and the date of submission. The following information should appear in the upper right corner of the first page.<\/p>\n

If your article is specifically directed to one nnodel of computer, please state the model name. In addition, please indicate the memory requirements of programs, 3. Following pages should be typed normally, except that in the upper right corner there should be an abbreviation of the title, your last name, and the page number. All lines within the text of the article must be double- or triple-spaced, A one-inch margin should be left at the right, left, top, and bottom of each page.<\/p>\n

No words should be divided at the ends of lines. And please do not justify. Leave the lines ragged. Standard typing or computer paper should be used no erasable, onionskin, or other thin paper and typing should be on one side of the paper only upper- and lowercase , 7. Sheets should be attached together with a paper clip. Staples should not be used. If you are submitting more than one article, send each one in a separate mailer with its own tape or disk.<\/p>\n

Short programs under 20 lines can easily be included within the text. Longer programs should be separate listings. It is essential that we have a copy of the program, recorded twice, on a tape or disk.<\/p>\n

If your article was written with a word processor, we also appreciate a copy of the text file on the tape or disk. Please use high-quality 10 or 30 minute tapes with the program recorded on both sides. The tape or disk should be labeled with the author’s name and the title of the article.<\/p>\n

A good general rule is to spell out the numbers zero through ten in your article and write higher numbers as numerals Within ordinary text, however, the zero through ten should appear as words, not numbers. If you wish to emphasize, underline the word and it will be italicized during typesetting. Articles can be of any length \u2014 from a single- line routine to a multi-issue series. The average article is about four to eight double-spaced, typed pages, If you want to include photographs, they should be either 5X7 black and white glossies or color slides, We do not consider articles which are submit- ted simultaneously to other publishers.<\/p>\n

If you wish to send an article to another magazine for consideration, please do not submit it to us. In general, the rate reflects the length and quality of the article. Payment is made upon acceptance.<\/p>\n

Box , Greensboro, NC it will take from two to four weeks for us to reply. If your work is accepted, you will be notified by a letter which will include a con- tract for you to sign and return. Rejected manuscripts are returned to authors who enclose a self-addressed, stamped envelope. If your article is accepted and you have since made improvements to the program, please submit an entirely new tape or disk and a new copy of the article reflecting the update. We cannot easily make revisions to programs and articles.<\/p>\n

It is necessary that you send the revised version as if it were a new submission entirely, but be sure to indicate that your submission is a revised version by writing, “Revision” on the envelope and the article.<\/p>\n

If you are interested in serving on our panel of reviewers, contact our Features Editor for details. Cadpak 4. Unlike other drawing programs, you can produce exact scaled output on your printer. Design in the units of your drawing problem feet, miles, meters, etc. Uses either the keyboard or a lightpen. Two separate work screens\u2014 transfer artwork from one screen to the other. Place text in four sizes anywhere in the picture \u2014 three extra fonts included: Old English, 3-D and Tech.<\/p>\n

Solid or dashed lines, circles, ellip. Save and eoit fill patterns, fonts and objects. Cadpak is the full -featured design package for your Commodore computer. Create a layout for your garden,. Draw schematic diagrams Engineer a new widget Make your programs 3 to 35 times faster.<\/p>\n

With the overlay feature you can compile a series of pro- grams that load in consecutively. Control memory management to give you total control over your compiled program. When the compiler recognizes an error, it contin- ues to find other errors.<\/p>\n

Or order directly using your MO, Visa or Amex card. Call or write for your tree catalog. Dealers inquires welcome-over dealers nationwide. Be ready and alert. A joystick is required. To play and win, you must survive 16 waves of 15 enemies each. This is anything but an easy task \u2014 you’ll be facing some of the deadliest and fastest creatures ever to visit the screen of your computer, Omicron is written partly in BASIC and partly in machine lan- guage ML , First, type in and save Program 1, the BASIC section of the program.<\/p>\n

When you run MLX, you’ll be asked for the starting and ending addresses of the data you’ll be en- tering. If you’re using tape instead of disk, change the ,8,1 at the end of line 10 in Program 1 to ,1,1, Also, be sure to save the data for Program 2 im- mediately following Program 1 on the tape.<\/p>\n

When you’re ready to play Omicron, make sure that a joystick is first plugged into port 2; then load and run the BASIC program. The game does not work properly un- less the joystick is plugged in before you run the program.<\/p>\n

When the title screen appears, choose one of the four skill levels by pressing a func- tion key. It’s recommended that you start with the Rookie level f7 so you can get used to game play, The skill levels are as follows: fl Expert f3 Pro 15 Advanced f7 Rookie How To Play When the game begins, your first ship appears in the upper left cor- ner of the screen. You and your en- emies can move freely, but you’ll bounce off the edges of the screen and off the status board in the cen- ter of the screen, which holds the score, current level, and number of ships remaining.<\/p>\n

The first thing to master is the joystick control of your ship. You can fire missiles by pressing the fire button. To move, aim the joystick in the desired direction. Since your ship can build momentum, your di- rection does not change immediate- ly. The direction in which the ship points does not change unless you press the fire button while moving the joystick, so with careful plan- ning you can move in one direction and shoot in another.<\/p>\n

A dotailod introduction is laid out for the novice-beginning with how to load GEOS.. Easy to understand examples, diagrams and glossary are inciudod to enlighten the beginner. Ioarn about windows and how to use them to your ad vantage It’s easy to understand without talking down to the reader, and dotailod in the applications of the routines.<\/p>\n

Includes a font editor to create up to 64 point text and a machine language monitor. Available Second Ouarter. MC or Arriei; card. Fpfoign orders add SI 2. Call or wnlo loday tor your Iree catalog. Dealer inquires »«lcome\u2014 natlonwvda. I’O, kftrnal.<\/p>\n

Intsmal drivo runcnions- ExpFairis varifljfi disk and Tj[« Tormats. If you lose a ship, you’ll start over on the same level. A bonus of points is awarded if you make it through a level on your first try. Bonus ships are awarded after completing levels 4, 8, and Your Enemies At the beginning of each level, your enemies are dark blue drifters. They are harmless at this stage in their life cycle. As time passes, some of the drifters become cyan bombers. Bee the table for a description of all the enemies in Omicron.<\/p>\n

If they are not destroyed, bombers become yellow destroyers. Destroyers move twice as fast as bombers, and they shoot yellow missiles which are similiar to the ones you fire.<\/p>\n

Watch destroyers carefully \u2014 they can change their direction at the first comer they encounter. Near the end of the level, the remaining enemies can become or- ange balile satellites, which fire like destroyers, leave bombs like bomb- ers, and bounce around the screen in a furious attack. Needless to say, you should try to kill these off as quickly as possible.<\/p>\n

Instead, you must turn the computer off and back on, then reload Program 1. It’s fun for children, but adults will enjoy it too. See program listings on page You’ve probably heard what it can do in games and music programs. Improvisor can play music along with you or play alone, There are three ways to let Improvisor play solo \u2014 you can let the computer choose random notes, let it create a song with the program’s “intelli- gence” roudne, or let it play from its repertoire of familiar songs.<\/p>\n

But the best way to enjoy Improviser is to play along with the program. Don’t worry if you’ve never played music before \u2014 improviser will make sure that you sound great. Type it in and save a copy to tape or disk. When you’re ready to play, load and run the program. This takes only a few sec- onds.<\/p>\n

When it’s finished, Improvisor starts playing these songs, one after the other. Listen carefully \u2014 you may recognize a few. At the bottom of the screen you’ll see the numbers The key is a rest, and the other numbers stand for the following notes. This prevents you from hit- ting a “bad” note.<\/p>\n

Now press fl. You’ll hear a random, computer-generated mel- ody. This is a good way to get ideas for songs that you want to play on Improvisor. Press f3 to hear the program’s musical “artificial intelligence. This results in some very nice melodies. If you want to inspect the intelligence of the program or change it, examine lines Now it’s your turn to make music.<\/p>\n

Press f5. Play notes by pressing keys The lowest note is 1 and the highest is 9. For a rest, press 0. All notes are in the key of F, No matter what keys you press, you’ll sound great. You can press a function key at any time \u2014 even in the middle of the song \u2014 to change between the operating modes. See program listing on page Panasonic T7 -S Mscti Uador Board JrjiUpainf nl,pi5k. Silent Service , S S 35, COD orders add S4. Because we are dedicated to satisfying every customer, we have earned our reputation as the best in the business.<\/p>\n

And, our six years of experience in computer mail-order is your assurance of knowledgeable service and quality merchandise. Also, asft atjoul volume d. Everyday we talk to people from all over tlie world, and our goal with each person who calls is to be as helpful, efficient, and courteous as possible. And we’re always hereto help you,.. Payrtui BattDfles Included; Cijn5ullarii. Stat Disk ’86 Team Disk.<\/p>\n

Btoderbund: Airtieart. S24 5b. Sublogtci Jet Srrrrulalor. Scenery Japan Soerwrry San Francisco 5cenury l. If it’s nol listed, call tor price and availability! This arcade game for the demands the quickest of reflexes. You are one of five skidders stuck in a dosed universe. All five of you have tried to find a way out, but with no luck \u2014 go off the screen in any direction and you wrap around to the opposite edge.<\/p>\n

The enclosure has driven your friends mad \u2014 they fly around the screen at high speed in a desperate attempt to leave your universe and find one where some- one is doing something more inter- esting. BASIC 7. Type in the program and save a copy to tape or disk before at- tempting to run the program. You are the light blue one lying in the center of the screen. Don’t stay still for too long, though \u2014 you’ve got to dodge the other skidders, which come from every direction and move fast- er and faster as the game goes on.<\/p>\n

Don’t get hit even once \u2014 if you do, you’ll lose. To win the game and it’s not easy , you must last 40 seconds. There is a countdown tim- er in the screen’s upper right corner that displays exactly how many seconds you have left.<\/p>\n

The time is also graphically displayed at the bottom of the screen in the form of a bar graph. You start at percent of time completed. When you reach percent of time completed, 40 seconds will have passed, and you will have won.<\/p>\n

There is a yellow wall sur- rounding the playing field. This border is not impenetrable, but it does slow you down. You can wend your way through: The top wraps around to the bottom and vice versa.<\/p>\n

The same is true of the left and right edges. If you find yourself caught in the wall, move off of it as quickly as possible. Your fellow skidders hold so much energy that they’re unaffected by the wall \u2014 they’ll come streaming through while your movement is hampered.<\/p>\n

It’s a very hazardous place to visit. See program lisiing on page IB Introducing a new printer that’s based on an old favorite. Commodore interface with cable included.<\/p>\n

The new Star Gemini A printer designed to help your Commodore’i performance. Without hurtingyour budget. Now at Toys ‘R’ Us and other major chain stores. In front with quality upfront.<\/p>\n

SALES Hooks up between your computer and monitor! Inputs included for ohm, “75 ohm, and UHF. Switch from RGB to Composite. Non-glare screen. If problems arise, simply send your product to us via U. This proves once again that U e Love Our Oisfomeri! Works in Near Letter Quality mode.<\/p>\n

No more turning the printer on and off. The 8K buffer will free up your computer four times faster than conventional printers and the high speed will keep you computing more than printing.<\/p>\n

Super graphics along with Pica, Elite, Italics, and Condensed print. Lifetime Warranty on Print Head plus 6 month immediate replacement warranty.<\/p>\n

It has many features you expect a modem to haveplus4 times the speed! Urellme Wurtnty. Boit of S29,00 List SI. OO Robotics Workshop S NAM D U. CIM D. All ord«ri moil be tn U. Please call or amount. Sore- eyed locals did not regret his departure. He wore the most untone shirts with ugly little emblems on them and blue scrub pants with someone else’s name on one hip pocket.<\/p>\n

It is possible to commit many crimes in this strangest of worlds, but none is as major as simply being untass. In fact, your very survival depends on how well you alter your appearance, with a new pink hairstyle and a set of TroppoWear duds from Down Under, to convince the locals that you under- stand the meaning \u2014 and the impor- tance \u2014 of the word tone.<\/p>\n

Fail at this, and you fail before you begin. Fail at what? Why, at res- cuing Gramps, of course. See, at some point during the last couple of days, Gramps, in whose living room you be- gin this adventure, has disappeared through a magic hoop, leaving behind nothing but a cryptic journal and some well-aged pizza. Because you want to find the guy, you decide to follow him through the hoop, and you end up in this really weird but extremely tass world.<\/p>\n

Tonetown, it’s called \u2014 a place that is really, unquestionably, well Different from what? Every- thing, as it turns out. It turns out, too, that Gramps knew about the place and visited it often.<\/p>\n

And so did his dog, who now accompanies you everyvvhere. Turns out as well that the dog \u2014 whose TonetowTi name is En- nio \u2014 is more than just any ordinary mongrel.<\/p>\n

He’s helpful, and your association with him will get you into several very tass places. He can get you into Fast Freddie’s for some ultratouch eats and tone tunes, and he can even get you back- stage at a Daglets concert.<\/p>\n

What he won’t willingly do, though, is take you to Franklin Snarl’s pet store, because Snarl keeps some fairly disgusting pets in there. They’re called blobpets, and even though they’re all the rage in Tonetown these days, they’re far from wonderful.<\/p>\n

Snarl, it seems, not only sells them, but also makes them. Snarl is a snake. If you don’t become tass, he’ll kill you. Even if you do become tass, and then try to in- terfere with a couple of his business dealings, he’ll kill you anyway. Frank- lin Snarl is the bad guy of this story, and rumor has it he is the one behind Gramps’ disappearance. Guarding his hideaway, though, is this nose and this pair of eyes, and Tom town is a cross between Alice’s Wonderland, with its emphasis on strange language and weird creatures, and an episode of “The Monkees” TV show, with its overstated villains and its humorous attempts at being hip.<\/p>\n

Clearly a crazy game, Tass Times in Tonetown is a thoroughly delightful change of pace. In other words, Tass Times is a successful and enjoyable extension of the Borrowed Time system, going be- yond that to provide a truly interesting and funny setting. For recent text adventures, setting has become more important than plot.<\/p>\n

Exceptions such as Infocom’s S flrcross notwithstanding, early adventures of- fered little in the way of fully imagin- able worlds. In the past 18 months or so, this has changed. Authors seem much more concerned with offering players an interesting world to operate in, and with this new emphasis have come the best adventures to date. Mind- wheel and Brimstone Brederbund- Synapse , and A Mind Forever Voyaging and Trinity Infocom demonstrate that a clearly presented, fascinating setting will do much to enhance an adventure’s enjoyment.<\/p>\n

Tass Times in Tonetown, with a world filled with strange but recognizable characters speaking a strange but recognizable language, now joins the ranks of these other fine adventures.<\/p>\n

Entering Tonetown is a little like entering a dream in which you never quite feel comfortable, Tonetown is a cross between Alice’s Wonderland, with its emphasis on strange language and weird creatures, and an episode of “The Monkees” TV show, with its overstated villains and its humorous attempts at being hip. Still, I wish the designers had gone even further, demanding that we learn to talk tass in order to get things done, and maybe doing something like forcing us to rethink such concepts as parks, boats, and even direcrions.<\/p>\n

Tone- town would allow this kind of dream- like distortion, but all too little of it happens. But the game is fun, and that’s real- ly all that counts. The parser works just fine, and after a little practice you can avoid dying in the first few moves.<\/p>\n

The interface eases play and gets rid of much of the frustration of other adven- tures. All this is good, but somehow, in a game set in such a unique world, il doesn’t seem to matter.<\/p>\n

Here is an ad- venture in which traveling around. Publications, provides a de- tailed explanation of ttie inner vrorkings of the Commodore computer.<\/p>\n

The book has complete, easy-to-follow documentation for each of the six applications. All the applications are on a disk ready to load and use on the Commodore 64 and njnning in 64 mode.<\/p>\n

Books, P,0. Station, New York, NY NY residents add 8. If you want something different, try a visit to Tone- town. I guarantee you that wherever else you travel in adventureland, you won’t find a place exactly like it.<\/p>\n

It takes the challenge of computer play and broadens it to en- compass the fun and interaction of a family board game. As a multiplayer game, it provides an opportunity for good-natured competition that requires shrewd strategy and an instinct for re- venge. In addition, the antics of the ras- cally robots delight and entertain throughout the game. The program, written for the Com- modore 64, comes with an easy-to- grasp, witty manual that contains both directions for play and advice on strate- gy.<\/p>\n

Two decks of cards are included: Luck cards, which are drawn during game play, and Item cards, which are dealt out, four to a player, randomly de- termining which Items are to be scav- enged by the players’ robots.<\/p>\n

The object is for each player to use his or her robot to seek out and collect scavenge the four items designated by the Item cards. These items are on the planet Laustenfownd \u2014 yes, that’s what it’s called \u2014 a place whose geography includes lakes, rock-ridden fields, woods, open plains, and swampland. The changing teiTain has varying ef- fects on the robot!!<\/p>\n

Each robot has a home base to which to return \u2014 with its scavenged goods, for repairs, or for safety. There are five tele- port terminals on Laustenfownd to ex- pedite travel. Robot Rascals has four levels of play to choose from: superbeginner, be- ginner, standard, and advanced. Or send a check programs – automatically. Central Point Software, Inc. After you set up, the computer helps the players choose their robots from the ten provided.<\/p>\n

Each player selects a color for his robot and a beginning energy level. This al- lows for both strategy and, later, handi- capping among experts and beginners. After the players have chosen their robots, the computer announces a Global Event \u2014 a condition on Lausten- fownd which will favorably or adverse- ly affect play. At beginner levels there are no negative global events.<\/p>\n

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\nWindows 10 1703 download iso itarian scriptsave
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Each mission is based on genuine historical data. Street Sports Basketball is the lead title for a new line of sports software. Players pick their own three-person team from ten individ- uals with varying degrees of skill in different areas. Four neighborhood scenes, each with its own unique props like curbs, oil slicks, and fences, serve as challenging scenari- os for fast-paced athletic action.<\/p>\n

Epyx Galveston Dr. Firebird has since brought over a number of popular programs for all major home computer sys- tems, including the graphically rich adventure. The Pawn. Besides intro- ducing a business line at CES, Fire- bird announced several new programs for the Commodore 64, including a followup to The Paion titled Guild of Thieves, which, from a sneak preview, looks to be even more graphically impressive than its predecessor.<\/p>\n

Recently acquired by Ac- tivision, the company continues to create a product line serving all major home computers. Buddy Burbank, and his wife have left you their entire estate, with one stipulation: You must find ten treasures hidden throughout their sprawling Malibu home. If you can’t find them in one night, you lose the whole inheritance, Bestselling humor writer Douglas Adams produced a zany hit for Infocom with his computer version of Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy.<\/p>\n

Now he has designed Bu- reaucracy, in which you explore the endless layers of red tape that bind up bureaucratic institutions, Infocom Cambridge Park Dr. Cambridge, MA MlcroProse A leader in simulation software, MicroProse announced an agree- ment recently made with author Tom Clancy to develop his number- one bestselling book. Red Storm Ris- ing, into a home computer game along the lines of MicroProse’s oth- er military simulation software.<\/p>\n

Hunt Valley, MD Mindscape Mindscape made its entry into the software market as an educational publisher, but has since gone on to market a line of entertainment pro- grams, in addition.<\/p>\n

Mindscape Dundee Rd. Anrn-d vvilli iinly J niiichine [;un and h. For riimn«idiire64’i2S'”. Apple II’ ni-ries,. Ki’seiir Iho ‘. I’lir CiinuntHinre W. AMI KL. IMl’Lni kS. MVyjl RSI:VI»«72, Since its startup as an educational soft- ware publisher in , Mindscape has diversified its line to include software in the areas of entertainment, personal productivity, and desktop publishing.<\/p>\n

While exploring an un- mapped sector of space, the Enter- prise is attacked by aliens who contaminate the food supply, requir- ing you to beam down to a nearby planet to replenish the supply, To win the game, you must solve a se- ries of puzzles found on the planet.<\/p>\n

These games run the gamut from arcade-action to strategy. The Accolade Avantage line in- cludes the Spy vs. A Standard User Interface All of these games, as well as a vari- ety of productivity and educational products introduced at the show, share one characteristic: compati- bility with the Commodore 64 and But that’s where the similarity ends.<\/p>\n

When those differences add to the variety and interest of a game or an educational package, that’s no problem. But, say some observers, the many differences among com- puters and software shouldn’t needlessly confuse and inhibit computer users.<\/p>\n

Take word processing pro- grams, for example. Though many can execute the same text-editing functions, the commands necessary to use those features are different for each program. But, as Seuss has noted, for widespread acceptance of computers, the hardware and software should be as standardized and as compatible as possible \u2014 just as with television sets, toasters, and VCRs.<\/p>\n

And that has already started to happen, “A lot of hardware compa- nies have contributed, 1 think, to the standardization process, by starting to have a mechanism for a graphics environment interface,” says Seuss. With- in the next 12 months, GEOS was adopted by Commodore as the offi- cial disk operating system for its 64, and a copy is now packaged with every machine that is sold. At the Winter CES, a financially reju- venated Commodore drew impres- sive crowds at its booth, and Berkeley’s presence in a large booth across the aisle was commanding.<\/p>\n

Besides making disk access five to seven times faster and providing a friendly user interface that em- ploys graphics like windows, icons, and pull-down menus, GEOS comes with its own word process- ing program, geoWrite, and drawing program, geoPaint.<\/p>\n

In addition, Berkeley continues to upgrade the system itself and offer add-on packages. At the WCES, Berkeley premiered an column ver- sion of GEOS for the Commodore in model Berkeley also announced a number of new companion packages for the program, including geoCalc and geoFile, a spreadsheet and database manager. From the sophisticated realism, detail, and intellectual stimulation of Flight Simulator For additional products intro- duced or exhibited at CES, see the News and Products section in this and upcoming issues.<\/p>\n

On The Digital Horizon; Compact Disc- Interactive Within the next few years, the crowded aisles and exhibit booths of the Consumer Electronics Shou’ will contain one of the most excit- ing technological developments yet to come in the ongoing digital ex- plosion: compact disc-interactive, currently referred to as CD-I.<\/p>\n

Right now, no one can be sure exactly what this marriage of com- puters and compact laser discs will look like or how it will be intro- duced on a large scale. But the giant consumer electronics companies are already working hard on CD-I, and the computer software and hardware developers are looking at it with great interest.<\/p>\n

To understand CD-I, you must first know a little something about the compact disc. Most people by now have heard of the growing popularity of audio compact discs, even if they don’t yet own a disc player. These small plastic-coated aluminum discs contain music en- coded digitally in pits that can be read by a low-power laser beam.<\/p>\n

The same factors that make au- dio compact discs so popular apply to digital data from computers as well. But while a CD can hold only about 70 minutes of music, it can store up to megabytes of data. That’s about a quarter of a million pages of text. With search-and-retrieval soft- ware, any of the data stored on the disc can be accessed in seconds and cross-referenced in a variety of ways. That capability makes CD- ROM an incredibly powerful re- search and reference tool for business, education, and, in more limited use, the home.<\/p>\n

CD-ROM players are currently in production and dozens of appli- cations are being developed. The first consumer-oriented package was produced by Grolier Electronic Publishing. Its Academic American Encyclopedia, along with a sophisti- cated indexing system, both fit on part of just one compact disc.<\/p>\n

In February , Sony and Philips announced tentative speci- fications for a more consumer- oriented compact disc format, compact disc-interactive. CD-I com- bines state-of-the-art microcom- puter technology with compact disc technology.<\/p>\n

So what you have is the processing power of the latest personal com- puters, the huge data storage capac- ity of CD-ROM, unmatched sound and music quality, and advanced graphics capabilities that will even- tually allow full-motion video. In addition, the manufacturers are working together to create a universal standard of compatibility.<\/p>\n

That means that you’ll be able to play any audio CD or any CD-ROM Coiiipuit’v ioftumre companies like Aegis Development are mw beginning to ex- plore the possibilities of the new com- pact disc-interactive CD-t technology. CD-I technology will ultimately force us to rethink traditional no- tions of entertainment and educa- rion, says David Seuss, president of Spinnaker Software, For example, let’s say you have a CD-I program that plays chess.<\/p>\n

You could store every game that’s ever been played by grand masters. At any moment in a game, you could have the pro- gram display examples of how the experts handled similar or identical situations. And, of course, that’s just the beginning. With stereo sound, speech syn- thesis, full-motion video, and advanced graphics-and-text ma- nipulation, CD-I players and pro- grams will bring new meaning to the word interactive. CD-I players and software may be widely available as early as Christmas of Much depends on whether the manufacturers of both hardware and software can continue to cooperate in the devel- opment of a single standard.<\/p>\n

It’s probable that by the early s, advanced entertainment, educational, and productivity ap- plications will be available through CD-I. This combination of comput- ers and lasers has the potential to sell into millions of households over the next decade. OVER S Personal cfiecks allow 2 wGuks lar procosslng. We are much more concerned with the content of an article than with its style, but arti- cles should as be clear and well-explained as possible.<\/p>\n

The guidelines below will permit your good ideas and programs to be more easily edited and published: 1. The upper left corner of the first page should contain your name, address, telephone number, and the date of submission. The following information should appear in the upper right corner of the first page. If your article is specifically directed to one nnodel of computer, please state the model name. In addition, please indicate the memory requirements of programs, 3.<\/p>\n

Following pages should be typed normally, except that in the upper right corner there should be an abbreviation of the title, your last name, and the page number. All lines within the text of the article must be double- or triple-spaced, A one-inch margin should be left at the right, left, top, and bottom of each page. No words should be divided at the ends of lines. And please do not justify. Leave the lines ragged. Standard typing or computer paper should be used no erasable, onionskin, or other thin paper and typing should be on one side of the paper only upper- and lowercase , 7.<\/p>\n

Sheets should be attached together with a paper clip. Staples should not be used. If you are submitting more than one article, send each one in a separate mailer with its own tape or disk.<\/p>\n

Short programs under 20 lines can easily be included within the text. Longer programs should be separate listings. It is essential that we have a copy of the program, recorded twice, on a tape or disk. If your article was written with a word processor, we also appreciate a copy of the text file on the tape or disk. Please use high-quality 10 or 30 minute tapes with the program recorded on both sides. The tape or disk should be labeled with the author’s name and the title of the article.<\/p>\n

A good general rule is to spell out the numbers zero through ten in your article and write higher numbers as numerals Within ordinary text, however, the zero through ten should appear as words, not numbers. If you wish to emphasize, underline the word and it will be italicized during typesetting.<\/p>\n

Articles can be of any length \u2014 from a single- line routine to a multi-issue series. The average article is about four to eight double-spaced, typed pages, If you want to include photographs, they should be either 5X7 black and white glossies or color slides, We do not consider articles which are submit- ted simultaneously to other publishers. If you wish to send an article to another magazine for consideration, please do not submit it to us. In general, the rate reflects the length and quality of the article.<\/p>\n

Payment is made upon acceptance. Box , Greensboro, NC it will take from two to four weeks for us to reply. If your work is accepted, you will be notified by a letter which will include a con- tract for you to sign and return.<\/p>\n

Rejected manuscripts are returned to authors who enclose a self-addressed, stamped envelope. If your article is accepted and you have since made improvements to the program, please submit an entirely new tape or disk and a new copy of the article reflecting the update.<\/p>\n

We cannot easily make revisions to programs and articles. It is necessary that you send the revised version as if it were a new submission entirely, but be sure to indicate that your submission is a revised version by writing, “Revision” on the envelope and the article.<\/p>\n

If you are interested in serving on our panel of reviewers, contact our Features Editor for details. Cadpak 4. Unlike other drawing programs, you can produce exact scaled output on your printer.<\/p>\n

Design in the units of your drawing problem feet, miles, meters, etc. Uses either the keyboard or a lightpen. Two separate work screens\u2014 transfer artwork from one screen to the other. Place text in four sizes anywhere in the picture \u2014 three extra fonts included: Old English, 3-D and Tech. Solid or dashed lines, circles, ellip. Save and eoit fill patterns, fonts and objects.<\/p>\n

Cadpak is the full -featured design package for your Commodore computer. Create a layout for your garden,. Draw schematic diagrams Engineer a new widget Make your programs 3 to 35 times faster.<\/p>\n

With the overlay feature you can compile a series of pro- grams that load in consecutively. Control memory management to give you total control over your compiled program. When the compiler recognizes an error, it contin- ues to find other errors. Or order directly using your MO, Visa or Amex card.<\/p>\n

Call or write for your tree catalog. Dealers inquires welcome-over dealers nationwide. Be ready and alert. A joystick is required. To play and win, you must survive 16 waves of 15 enemies each. This is anything but an easy task \u2014 you’ll be facing some of the deadliest and fastest creatures ever to visit the screen of your computer, Omicron is written partly in BASIC and partly in machine lan- guage ML , First, type in and save Program 1, the BASIC section of the program.<\/p>\n

When you run MLX, you’ll be asked for the starting and ending addresses of the data you’ll be en- tering. If you’re using tape instead of disk, change the ,8,1 at the end of line 10 in Program 1 to ,1,1, Also, be sure to save the data for Program 2 im- mediately following Program 1 on the tape.<\/p>\n

When you’re ready to play Omicron, make sure that a joystick is first plugged into port 2; then load and run the BASIC program. The game does not work properly un- less the joystick is plugged in before you run the program. When the title screen appears, choose one of the four skill levels by pressing a func- tion key. It’s recommended that you start with the Rookie level f7 so you can get used to game play, The skill levels are as follows: fl Expert f3 Pro 15 Advanced f7 Rookie How To Play When the game begins, your first ship appears in the upper left cor- ner of the screen.<\/p>\n

You and your en- emies can move freely, but you’ll bounce off the edges of the screen and off the status board in the cen- ter of the screen, which holds the score, current level, and number of ships remaining. The first thing to master is the joystick control of your ship. You can fire missiles by pressing the fire button. To move, aim the joystick in the desired direction. Since your ship can build momentum, your di- rection does not change immediate- ly. The direction in which the ship points does not change unless you press the fire button while moving the joystick, so with careful plan- ning you can move in one direction and shoot in another.<\/p>\n

A dotailod introduction is laid out for the novice-beginning with how to load GEOS.. Easy to understand examples, diagrams and glossary are inciudod to enlighten the beginner. Ioarn about windows and how to use them to your ad vantage It’s easy to understand without talking down to the reader, and dotailod in the applications of the routines. Includes a font editor to create up to 64 point text and a machine language monitor.<\/p>\n

Available Second Ouarter. MC or Arriei; card. Fpfoign orders add SI 2. Call or wnlo loday tor your Iree catalog. Dealer inquires »«lcome\u2014 natlonwvda. I’O, kftrnal.<\/p>\n

Intsmal drivo runcnions- ExpFairis varifljfi disk and Tj[« Tormats. If you lose a ship, you’ll start over on the same level. A bonus of points is awarded if you make it through a level on your first try. Bonus ships are awarded after completing levels 4, 8, and Your Enemies At the beginning of each level, your enemies are dark blue drifters. They are harmless at this stage in their life cycle.<\/p>\n

As time passes, some of the drifters become cyan bombers. Bee the table for a description of all the enemies in Omicron. If they are not destroyed, bombers become yellow destroyers. Destroyers move twice as fast as bombers, and they shoot yellow missiles which are similiar to the ones you fire. Watch destroyers carefully \u2014 they can change their direction at the first comer they encounter.<\/p>\n

Near the end of the level, the remaining enemies can become or- ange balile satellites, which fire like destroyers, leave bombs like bomb- ers, and bounce around the screen in a furious attack.<\/p>\n

Needless to say, you should try to kill these off as quickly as possible. Instead, you must turn the computer off and back on, then reload Program 1. It’s fun for children, but adults will enjoy it too. See program listings on page You’ve probably heard what it can do in games and music programs. Improvisor can play music along with you or play alone, There are three ways to let Improvisor play solo \u2014 you can let the computer choose random notes, let it create a song with the program’s “intelli- gence” roudne, or let it play from its repertoire of familiar songs.<\/p>\n

But the best way to enjoy Improviser is to play along with the program. Don’t worry if you’ve never played music before \u2014 improviser will make sure that you sound great.<\/p>\n

Type it in and save a copy to tape or disk. When you’re ready to play, load and run the program. This takes only a few sec- onds. When it’s finished, Improvisor starts playing these songs, one after the other. Listen carefully \u2014 you may recognize a few. At the bottom of the screen you’ll see the numbers The key is a rest, and the other numbers stand for the following notes. This prevents you from hit- ting a “bad” note.<\/p>\n

Now press fl. You’ll hear a random, computer-generated mel- ody. This is a good way to get ideas for songs that you want to play on Improvisor. Press f3 to hear the program’s musical “artificial intelligence. This results in some very nice melodies. If you want to inspect the intelligence of the program or change it, examine lines Now it’s your turn to make music.<\/p>\n

Press f5. Play notes by pressing keys The lowest note is 1 and the highest is 9. For a rest, press 0. All notes are in the key of F, No matter what keys you press, you’ll sound great. You can press a function key at any time \u2014 even in the middle of the song \u2014 to change between the operating modes. See program listing on page Panasonic T7 -S Mscti Uador Board JrjiUpainf nl,pi5k. Silent Service , S S 35, COD orders add S4.<\/p>\n

Because we are dedicated to satisfying every customer, we have earned our reputation as the best in the business. And, our six years of experience in computer mail-order is your assurance of knowledgeable service and quality merchandise.<\/p>\n

Also, asft atjoul volume d. Everyday we talk to people from all over tlie world, and our goal with each person who calls is to be as helpful, efficient, and courteous as possible. And we’re always hereto help you,.. Payrtui BattDfles Included; Cijn5ullarii. Stat Disk ’86 Team Disk. Btoderbund: Airtieart. S24 5b. Sublogtci Jet Srrrrulalor. Scenery Japan Soerwrry San Francisco 5cenury l. If it’s nol listed, call tor price and availability!<\/p>\n

This arcade game for the demands the quickest of reflexes. You are one of five skidders stuck in a dosed universe. All five of you have tried to find a way out, but with no luck \u2014 go off the screen in any direction and you wrap around to the opposite edge. The enclosure has driven your friends mad \u2014 they fly around the screen at high speed in a desperate attempt to leave your universe and find one where some- one is doing something more inter- esting.<\/p>\n

BASIC 7. Type in the program and save a copy to tape or disk before at- tempting to run the program. You are the light blue one lying in the center of the screen. Don’t stay still for too long, though \u2014 you’ve got to dodge the other skidders, which come from every direction and move fast- er and faster as the game goes on.<\/p>\n

Don’t get hit even once \u2014 if you do, you’ll lose. To win the game and it’s not easy , you must last 40 seconds. There is a countdown tim- er in the screen’s upper right corner that displays exactly how many seconds you have left.<\/p>\n

The time is also graphically displayed at the bottom of the screen in the form of a bar graph. You start at percent of time completed. When you reach percent of time completed, 40 seconds will have passed, and you will have won. There is a yellow wall sur- rounding the playing field.<\/p>\n

This border is not impenetrable, but it does slow you down. You can wend your way through: The top wraps around to the bottom and vice versa. The same is true of the left and right edges. If you find yourself caught in the wall, move off of it as quickly as possible. Your fellow skidders hold so much energy that they’re unaffected by the wall \u2014 they’ll come streaming through while your movement is hampered.<\/p>\n

It’s a very hazardous place to visit. See program lisiing on page IB Introducing a new printer that’s based on an old favorite. Commodore interface with cable included. The new Star Gemini A printer designed to help your Commodore’i performance. Without hurtingyour budget. Now at Toys ‘R’ Us and other major chain stores. In front with quality upfront.<\/p>\n

SALES Hooks up between your computer and monitor! Inputs included for ohm, “75 ohm, and UHF. Switch from RGB to Composite. Non-glare screen. If problems arise, simply send your product to us via U. This proves once again that U e Love Our Oisfomeri! Works in Near Letter Quality mode. No more turning the printer on and off. The 8K buffer will free up your computer four times faster than conventional printers and the high speed will keep you computing more than printing.<\/p>\n

Super graphics along with Pica, Elite, Italics, and Condensed print. Lifetime Warranty on Print Head plus 6 month immediate replacement warranty.<\/p>\n

It has many features you expect a modem to haveplus4 times the speed! Urellme Wurtnty. Boit of S29,00 List SI. OO Robotics Workshop S NAM D U. CIM D. All ord«ri moil be tn U. Please call or amount. Sore- eyed locals did not regret his departure.<\/p>\n

He wore the most untone shirts with ugly little emblems on them and blue scrub pants with someone else’s name on one hip pocket. It is possible to commit many crimes in this strangest of worlds, but none is as major as simply being untass. In fact, your very survival depends on how well you alter your appearance, with a new pink hairstyle and a set of TroppoWear duds from Down Under, to convince the locals that you under- stand the meaning \u2014 and the impor- tance \u2014 of the word tone.<\/p>\n

Fail at this, and you fail before you begin. Fail at what? Why, at res- cuing Gramps, of course. See, at some point during the last couple of days, Gramps, in whose living room you be- gin this adventure, has disappeared through a magic hoop, leaving behind nothing but a cryptic journal and some well-aged pizza.<\/p>\n

Because you want to find the guy, you decide to follow him through the hoop, and you end up in this really weird but extremely tass world. Tonetown, it’s called \u2014 a place that is really, unquestionably, well Different from what? Every- thing, as it turns out. It turns out, too, that Gramps knew about the place and visited it often. And so did his dog, who now accompanies you everyvvhere. Turns out as well that the dog \u2014 whose TonetowTi name is En- nio \u2014 is more than just any ordinary mongrel.<\/p>\n

He’s helpful, and your association with him will get you into several very tass places. He can get you into Fast Freddie’s for some ultratouch eats and tone tunes, and he can even get you back- stage at a Daglets concert.<\/p>\n

What he won’t willingly do, though, is take you to Franklin Snarl’s pet store, because Snarl keeps some fairly disgusting pets in there. They’re called blobpets, and even though they’re all the rage in Tonetown these days, they’re far from wonderful.<\/p>\n

Snarl, it seems, not only sells them, but also makes them. Snarl is a snake. If you don’t become tass, he’ll kill you. Even if you do become tass, and then try to in- terfere with a couple of his business dealings, he’ll kill you anyway.<\/p>\n

Frank- lin Snarl is the bad guy of this story, and rumor has it he is the one behind Gramps’ disappearance. Guarding his hideaway, though, is this nose and this pair of eyes, and Tom town is a cross between Alice’s Wonderland, with its emphasis on strange language and weird creatures, and an episode of “The Monkees” TV show, with its overstated villains and its humorous attempts at being hip.<\/p>\n

Clearly a crazy game, Tass Times in Tonetown is a thoroughly delightful change of pace. In other words, Tass Times is a successful and enjoyable extension of the Borrowed Time system, going be- yond that to provide a truly interesting and funny setting.<\/p>\n

For recent text adventures, setting has become more important than plot. Exceptions such as Infocom’s S flrcross notwithstanding, early adventures of- fered little in the way of fully imagin- able worlds. In the past 18 months or so, this has changed. Authors seem much more concerned with offering players an interesting world to operate in, and with this new emphasis have come the best adventures to date. Mind- wheel and Brimstone Brederbund- Synapse , and A Mind Forever Voyaging and Trinity Infocom demonstrate that a clearly presented, fascinating setting will do much to enhance an adventure’s enjoyment.<\/p>\n

Tass Times in Tonetown, with a world filled with strange but recognizable characters speaking a strange but recognizable language, now joins the ranks of these other fine adventures. Entering Tonetown is a little like entering a dream in which you never quite feel comfortable, Tonetown is a cross between Alice’s Wonderland, with its emphasis on strange language and weird creatures, and an episode of “The Monkees” TV show, with its overstated villains and its humorous attempts at being hip.<\/p>\n

Still, I wish the designers had gone even further, demanding that we learn to talk tass in order to get things done, and maybe doing something like forcing us to rethink such concepts as parks, boats, and even direcrions. Tone- town would allow this kind of dream- like distortion, but all too little of it happens.<\/p>\n

But the game is fun, and that’s real- ly all that counts. The parser works just fine, and after a little practice you can avoid dying in the first few moves. The interface eases play and gets rid of much of the frustration of other adven- tures. All this is good, but somehow, in a game set in such a unique world, il doesn’t seem to matter. Here is an ad- venture in which traveling around.<\/p>\n

Publications, provides a de- tailed explanation of ttie inner vrorkings of the Commodore computer. The book has complete, easy-to-follow documentation for each of the six applications. All the applications are on a disk ready to load and use on the Commodore 64 and njnning in 64 mode.<\/p>\n

Books, P,0. Station, New York, NY NY residents add 8. If you want something different, try a visit to Tone- town. I guarantee you that wherever else you travel in adventureland, you won’t find a place exactly like it. It takes the challenge of computer play and broadens it to en- compass the fun and interaction of a family board game. As a multiplayer game, it provides an opportunity for good-natured competition that requires shrewd strategy and an instinct for re- venge.<\/p>\n

In addition, the antics of the ras- cally robots delight and entertain throughout the game. The program, written for the Com- modore 64, comes with an easy-to- grasp, witty manual that contains both directions for play and advice on strate- gy.<\/p>\n

Two decks of cards are included: Luck cards, which are drawn during game play, and Item cards, which are dealt out, four to a player, randomly de- termining which Items are to be scav- enged by the players’ robots.<\/p>\n

The object is for each player to use his or her robot to seek out and collect scavenge the four items designated by the Item cards.<\/p>\n

These items are on the planet Laustenfownd \u2014 yes, that’s what it’s called \u2014 a place whose geography includes lakes, rock-ridden fields, woods, open plains, and swampland. The changing teiTain has varying ef- fects on the robot!! Each robot has a home base to which to return \u2014 with its scavenged goods, for repairs, or for safety. There are five tele- port terminals on Laustenfownd to ex- pedite travel. Robot Rascals has four levels of play to choose from: superbeginner, be- ginner, standard, and advanced.<\/p>\n

Or send a check programs – automatically. Central Point Software, Inc. After you set up, the computer helps the players choose their robots from the ten provided.<\/p>\n

Each player selects a color for his robot and a beginning energy level. This al- lows for both strategy and, later, handi- capping among experts and beginners. After the players have chosen their robots, the computer announces a Global Event \u2014 a condition on Lausten- fownd which will favorably or adverse- ly affect play. FPO, AK. While Brors worked on the characters and the data surround- ing them, Murray concentrated on working out the combat situations. Later, the two put together what they’d worked out individually, but the entire process was one of con- stant interaction.<\/p>\n

Even SSI Presi- dent Joel Billings, who has extensive experience as a war gamer and a game designer, gets in- volved as a tester and fine-tuner in the SSI development process. Computer game enthusiasts today usually demand exceptional- ly well developed color graphics.<\/p>\n

To answer that need, one of the changes in program design is the emergence of the art director, whose job it is to make sure that the computer graphics are as effective as possible. At Epyx, a company known for its graphically excellent action games, Michael Kosaka serves as art director for computer graphics. Managing a staff of four other artists, Kosaka works with individ- ual project managers and program- mers, trying to get the right mix of graphics and game play.<\/p>\n

Like a number of other companies, Epyx’ designers build many products with in -house development tools. Kosaka even has a set of graphics tools that let him create any images he wants without having to be an expert in machine language.<\/p>\n

Thrashing Things Out “I think my goal is to try to get the absolutely best images I can,” he says. And he admits that part of what he likes most about his work is “thrashing things out with the programmers, working with them, pushing and learning from them.<\/p>\n

We’ve found a nice blend of give and take, and it works out real well. As a game designer and an artist himself, he sends samples of sprites and storyboards to the programmers for their development. He’s seen the way that today’s computers, especially the Commo- dore 64, can produce results far be- yond what programmers just two years ago felt were possible.<\/p>\n

It’s the same basic ma- chine, but a lot of new things are going on with it. And a lot of that is experience, hacking away at it. After creating Activision’s The De- signer’s Pencil by himself. Kitchen began work on what was to become the popular GameMaker program. GameMaker is a package that lets the nonprogrammer create workable, stand-alone action games, including sprites, sound ef- fects, music, and background scenes. Just as commercial program designers now use their own devel- opment libraries and refined tools, GameMaker lets the nonprogram- mer have much the same thing \u2014 only less powerful, “The GameMaker code is prob- ably K; it takes up almost all of one side of a disk,” notes Kitchen.<\/p>\n

Since GameMaker is essentially composed of five separate sound and graphics modules. All five mod- ules must work together, so Kitchen and DeMeo had to carefully design and program each section. He prefers to stay with ma- chine language despite the rigors such a course involves with large programs, “I’m always dedicated to maxing out the hardware. If I write a program in assembly language and someone else writes in C, my program will be better,” What’s more. Kitchen’s current project, a new game, is so far a solo effort, He admits, however, that he may bring in sonje help on the graphics work, A Monk In A Monastery Chris Crawford maintains that there’s still plenty of room for the program designer who’s willing to invest thought and energy.<\/p>\n

In fact, he’s convinced that it’s this type of programmer who will, in the long run, prevail. What is programming? We’re in the middle of a transition from one regime to another. The first regime is the monk in the mon- astery copying a manuscript\u2014 the programmer does what the com- puter does well,” says Crawford, “The new regime is program- ming as an act of communication: The emphasis is on what we should say.<\/p>\n

People will become bored with communication that says nothing. That’s rather like opening a book that has an illuminated manuscript, but is nothing more than ‘Mary had a little lamb’ \u2014 not saying anything. There are a lot of weeds in the gar- den, but they’re not choking out the roses. Even with microcomputer memories quickly approaching one, two, and four megabytes, there will be designers who prefer a solo ap- proach to programming tasks.<\/p>\n

But, just as clearly, commercial software for microcomputers is now reach- ing a point where the combined tal- ents of a group of programmers can be a potent force in bringing new products to the software marketplace. Maybe you still do some’ times \u2014 whenever you can get enough people together. Did you ever wish you could play by yourself? Or make changes in the map? Wouldn’t it be great if you could attack North Africa from North America? Or Japan from Brazil?<\/p>\n

Announcing Lords of Conquest'” from Elec- tronic Arts. It isn’t RISK It’s a conquer- the -world board game that explodes with new life and new pos- sibilities because it uses all the power of your computer.<\/p>\n

M fun far oae as it is for four music, color graphics, and strategic challenges impos- sible in a board game. European Wan, and The World. No more mucking around with cards and dice and little pieces of plastic that roll under the couch. Like exterminating the opposition. The dsrecr prkc is JIZ. Allow 4 weeks for iJcilvcrv.<\/p>\n

Apple it a registered [radcmark of Apple compulcri. Here’s a beginner’s guide to one of the most useful items in a programmer’s toolkit. Perhaps it’s an arcade-style game, or maybe it’s a program to manipu- late customer records for a small- to medium-sized business. The program works; it mns without evident errors. But it’s slow \u2014 ex- cruciatingly sluggish. You’ve hit the speed limit. The fact is, BASIC is not al- ways very good at high-speed screen movement, such as you’d need in an action game.<\/p>\n

And it’s not very fast at sorting large lists, espe- cially if there are lots of strings of data involved. And this section should be removed and changed to a three-di- mensional array. You know, of course, that this bubble sort is not as efficient as a quick sort, although a shell sort might be acceptable. Yes, give me a week or two and I could have it running 20 percent faster, I’ll speed it up, Why, my notebook is full of hints and But that’s just BASIC, I could rewrite it in ma- chine language, using my own al- gorithms and relative files and perhaps even some sprites and al- ternate video banks, Hmmm, that would be a nice touch.<\/p>\n

Of course, it might take a month or so to con- vert, but it would be worth it. Give me a minute or two. Your origi- nal program is changed, almost magically, into a new program that runs about four times faster, and not a single line has been changed. What’s happened? Is it followed by a string inside quotation marks? Does it refer to a variable? A function? A series of strings, functions, and variables separated by semicolons?<\/p>\n

If there are parentheses, the process gets more complicated \u2014 the computer has to build up the meaning of the phrase by starting at the innermost parentheses and building outwards. There’s also a second stage, at least when variables are involved. After the computer has figured out that PRINT AB means that it’s sup- posed to print the number held in the variable AB, it has to find the variable’s location in memory.<\/p>\n

If 57 variables have been defined before AB is used for the first time, it will be 58th on the list of variables and the PRINT routine will have to search through all 58 variables before AB can be located. When AB is finally found, its value will be printed out. A Matter Of Interpretation This process of taking apart a line while the program is running \u2014 fig- uring out what a single command is supposed to do, analyzing the con- text, looking up variables, and so on \u2014 is called interpreting.<\/p>\n

Interpreting takes time and generally slows down the program. A compiler speeds things up by interpreting some or all of the commands before the program is run. The compiler will then store in the compiled program a command that reads something like this; PRINT the value at Instead of having to look up the variable’s location when the 32 COMPUrers Gaiene November program is running, which is what the uncompiled program will do, the compiler figures out the address at the time the program is com- piled.<\/p>\n

When the compiled program is run, the computer can go directly to that address instead of spending time looking through memory for a variable. In a standard BASIC program, the computer will have to find the number in C and then find the floating-point equivalent of the five characters ” The two numbers will then be mul- tiplied together and the result stored in A. A compiler has to go through the same steps, but most of them happen at the time the BASIC pro- gram is compiled.<\/p>\n

The compiler fig- ures out the floating-point format of the number When you run the com- piled program, the math is much faster because the computer doesn’t have to spend time translating numbers and looking up variables. The compiler has already done much of the work \u2014 the interpreting. It then compares this number to the current line be- ing executed. If is smaller, the program goes back to the first line of the program and searches through every line number, looking for line If is higher than the current line number, the com- puter starts searching forward in memory from where the program is.<\/p>\n

Finally, control is transferred to line It, too, has to translate the number to an inte- ger. It also has to locate the actual line and the equivalent memory ad- dress within the compiled program. Finally, it inserts a machine lan- guage jump JMP instruction at the appropriate place in the program. But all of the translating and searching happens during compila- tion, not while the program is run- ning. The result, of course, is a faster program.<\/p>\n

The compiler does a lot of the work ahead of time so the program can be speedier when the compiled version is run, A Few Handicaps As useful as they are, compilers do have some drawbacks and short- comings. There are some keywords they don’t rec- ognize, so you can’t use these com- mands in your programs.<\/p>\n

Some compilers are extremely fast when programs are limited to integer math whole numbers , but not when fractions and decimal points are included. In a financial program that uses percentages and dollar amounts rounded to the nearest penny, the rime savings af- forded by a compiler might not be very significant. Again, this de- pends on the individual compiler. Programmers who program in- teractively generally prefer inter- preted languages.<\/p>\n

They like being able to type a few lines, run the pro- gram, change a variable or two, run it again, add a subroutine, use GOTO to test the routine, and so on.<\/p>\n

Use the inter- preter to write the program and test it. Then, when it’s all done, you can compile it to make it run faster. Some languages are available only in a compiled version, which means a few seconds or possibly several minutes of waiting for the source file to be compiled before you can test it. Interactive programmers suggest that this pause stifles their creativity. One thing that stops program- mers from using compilers is the fact that a compiled program is often several times longer than the uncompiled version.<\/p>\n

An already long program may compile into a version that’s too big for memory. Or, if the program fits memory. Some Comn:iodore owners ar- gue that compilers are nice, but if what you want is flat-out speed of execution, nothing beats machine language ML.<\/p>\n

A well-written ML program will almost always beat the speed of a compiled program. You don’t necessarily have to write a whole program in ML; if the slow part of the program is the alphabet- izing routine, you can use an ML sort program to take care of the problem.<\/p>\n

But compilers are also available for Pascal, C, Forth, and other programming languages. A compiled language generally requires that you type in the pro- gram also called source code using a word processor or a text editor program. When the source code is finished, you save it to disk and run the compiler program.<\/p>\n

The compil- er then creates the runnable pro- gram the object code. To make a change, you must load the word processor or editor again, reload the source code, insert corrections, save, and recompile.<\/p>\n

It’s rare to find a language that includes both an in- terpreter and a compiler, although both are usually available in Forth. You should also be aware that there are two types of compilers.<\/p>\n

The first kind compiles the source code directly into machine lan- guage. A p-code program is then combined with a runtime package that in- cludes math routines, printing rou- tines, and all the other features of the language. You may have to load the runtime package as a separate program or use a compiler com- mand to append it to the end of the p-code portion of the program.<\/p>\n

We can only begin to scratch the surface here in detailing all of the many features related to differ- ent compilers. For more infor- mation, contact the following manufacturers about their particu- lar compilers for the Commodore 64 and While this list is not a comprehensive survey of all com- pilers available, those listed here should help you get started. Box , Grand Rapids, MI Box , Canton, MA Box , Grand Rapids, Ml Box 27, Mertztown, PA “Z Sepulveda Bl.<\/p>\n

Box , Raleigh, NC A cartridge-based program with eiglit convenient memory-resident desktop “accessories” that operate “concurrently” with other C;m soft- ware programs. Accessories at your conrmnand: Appointment calendar and date liook: Keep track of appointments and deadlines. At the press of a key, you’ll be able to review your appointments for a day week, or month. Months may be viewed in their entirety in a traditional calendar format, and then printed out.<\/p>\n

Memo pad; Write yourself important notes. Print them out on paper or save them onto disk. Name and address list: Keep track of important names and addresses.<\/p>\n

Available instantly, any time you are using your computer. Calculator: A multi-function calculator with an optional “paper tape” that prints out your calculations on your printer.<\/p>\n

Typewriter; Turns your computer and printer into a traditional typewriter. At your command, the computer will search through your list for the number you want, and automatically dial the number for you. The keyboard will be locked until you re-enter your code.<\/p>\n

All rights resarvsd. The best way to get familiar with PRINT is to write simple programs which feature it, which we’ll do this month. The procedure is as follows; 1. Al- most all are. If you have any doubts, buy your disks from a deal- er who knows what he’s selling.<\/p>\n

A new disk must be set up formatted to receive information files. To format a disk, put a new disk or one that contains expend- able files in the drive and close the door. After a couple of minutes the drive will stop running and the busy light will go out. The disk is now formatted and ready to receive information. You can substitute any name for the word MISC as long as it’s not over 16 characters long. The ex- ample statement above uses the let- ters GZ for the disk ID, but you can use any two characters you like.<\/p>\n

Just be sure to give each disk a unique ID. Make sure there is enough room on the disk for your program. One program we’ll write takes about two blocks \u2014 a measure of disk capacity. The drive will run, the busy light will come on, and your pro- gram will be saved on the disk. By the way, it’s not a good idea to cram a disk full. The more programs you have on a disk, the more you stand to lose if the disk is accidentally damaged or erased. If you really like a program, save it on two disks.<\/p>\n

It may be used in either the immediate mode as a command you just type on screen and follow by pressing RETURN or program mode as a statement within a program. Be sure to remember that any time you type something in imme- diate mode, you must press the RE- TURN key when you’re finished with the command, or when you want to see the results.<\/p>\n

This causes the computer to “remember” what X is until you change it or reset the computer’s memory. X is known as a variable, because its value can vary. For instance, type:?<\/p>\n

You should see 9. ActlW it’ perfectly. There seems to be some disagreement as to wiiich one of our Commodore programs is the most fun. Sometimes it’s tough to make evet7body tiappyall of the time. Maybe two. Even three. The choice is up to you. No holds barred. With plenty of pow. For one or two players, this first truly 3-dimen- sional combat sports simulation lets you climb, gouge, and claw your way to the top of the heap. Drop kicks, full nelsons, and the turn- buckle fly have never been this much fun before.<\/p>\n

Your mission is no day at the races. When you make it through hostile enemy airspace, this realistic flight simulation con- verts to covert ground- based animated graphic adventure. Now just destroy the mad leader and hfs angry troops. Get ready” to work some magic. Spelt of Destruction ‘” makes you a wizard’s apprentice inside the Castle of Illusions. You must find and destroy the Prime Elemental, You’re armed with a supply of spells and fireballs, but there are plenty of lessons to learn before you pass the Loremaster’s challeng- ing trial.<\/p>\n

Music and 3-dimensional graphics of 70 eerie locations make this adventure truly awesome. Hoist a sail on your monitor And sit down at the keys.<\/p>\n

Set your sails and your sights on the waters of Silicon Bay. With-I out question, thisquest is for you, FairlighC” com- bines magic, adventure, strategy, and action as you meet the challenge to find the Book of Light. You’re in a faraway and ancient land, out 3-dimensional high- resolution graphics make it all seem real.<\/p>\n

This epic will grab you. Only the strong and resourceful will conjure up the courage it takes to survive. G01u’ sftippirig antl hondfin j. Think of the impUcations for doing math on your computer. You can also make words vari- ables. How does the computer dis- tinguish between numbers and words? There are probably as many ap- phcations for manipulating strings as there are for arithmetically ma- nipulating numbers. Printing Symbols Temporarily, we’ll leave printing numbers and words, and go to the symbols that are on the front side of the computer’s keys.<\/p>\n

These are called graphics characters, and are unique to Commodore. They have many uses. You can print these symbols to the screen by holding the SHIFT or the Commodore key while typing any key with a graphics character on it. The best way to learn to use symbols is to experiment. Because of the variety of symbols, it’s possi- ble to create pictures, graphs, and charts, and to enhance the appear- ance of a printed screen by using the symbols to form borders and boxes.<\/p>\n

Remember, you can use a? Line 10 prints the first word, then moves the cursor to print the next item on the line immediately below. In line 20, however, there is a cursor-down character before the second quotation mark, which makes the cursor skip a blank line between the second and third words. Line 40 contains a cursor down on its own separate line, which yields two blank lines between the third and fourth words.<\/p>\n

Also try experimenting with cursor-right, -left, and -up charac- ters. If you’d like to save your ex- periments on disk, do so now.<\/p>\n

Then reset the computer by turning it off, then on. Other PRINT-ables There are several other miscella- neous, but very convenient, uses for the PRINT statement; 1, Moving the cursor to the top left corner of the screen, 2, Moving the cursor to the top left comer of the screen and clear- ing the screen at the same time. It will print two messages inside a small border.<\/p>\n

You’ll need to understand these listing conventions to type in any programs in the magazine. For example, when you see an under- lined character, you should hold down the SHIFT key while typing that character. Let’s begin the program with a line that turns the screen black \u2014 both background and border.<\/p>\n

We’ll look at these in a future column, but for now, just type line 10 as you see it. The next line prints the top of a horizontally centered border. The cursor-rights are necessary because the cursor always starts at the left edge of the next line down after a PRINT statement. There are other ways to do this, but let’s save them for another time. LIST the pro- gram. You’ll see both lines 50 and 60, and they will be identical.<\/p>\n

Do the same for lines The first character typed after the opening quotation mark is CTRL-8, which changes the text color to yellow.<\/p>\n

This insures that what you want to print stays on the same line with the cursor after it’s been moved to the right. This time, let’s print them in reverse. If the state- ments were placed in separate lines, the program would run the same.<\/p>\n

They make the program more compact, and, when used judiciously, easier for others to understand. Have you run the program yet? If not, do so, and don’t forget to save it on disk for future reference.<\/p>\n

Next month we’t! Copies a lOO block tile in 20 seconds! Formats a disk in 8 seconds! By using special copy parameters that tell the nibbler how to either copy or remove protection from a particular disk, programs that would normally be impossible for any nibbler to ever copy are easily backed-up by Fast Hack’em. Parameter updates of 25 to 30 new parameters are released bi-monthly and are S6. Dealer Inquiries Welcome! The drives automatically detect the disk being inserted and removed.<\/p>\n

An absolute must for multiple back-ups! Mapping the CommoilDre Ottis R. Publications, provides a de- tailed explanation of the inner workings of the Commodore computer. The book has complete, easy-to-follow documentalion for each of the six applications. It features SpeedScrlpt and SpeedCalc. All the applications are on a disk ready to load and use on the Commodore 64 and njnning in 64 mode. Station, New York, NY Please include S2. NC residents add 4. NY residents add 8.<\/p>\n

Please allow weeks for delivery. Publicationsjnc, fl? Tim J. Midkift, Editorial Programmer Challenge a friend in this fast -paced, action-strategy game for the Commodore It’s ivritten entirely in machine language for rapid play and smooth movement. Two joysticks are required. This two-player action game can be played at two conceptual levels: When you first play, it seems to be purely an action game \u2014 all speed and reflexes \u2014 but after you and your opponent master the basics of the game, you’ll discover the im- portance of having a strategy.<\/p>\n

The object of “Bump-N-Run” is to get the ball and shoot it into the other player’s goal. Of course, your opponent is trying to do the same, and this is the conflict which is the heart of the game. Typing It In Bunip-N-Run is a machine lan- guage game, so you must use “MLX,” the machine language en- try program found elsewhere in this issue, to type it in.<\/p>\n

Be sure to have two joysticks plugged in. One player has the ball attd is threaten- ing to score. Bumping And Running As with many computer games, the best way to learn this one is by playing it.<\/p>\n

The game begins with the ball in the middle of the court and each player guarding his own goal. The joystick in port 1 controls the purple player. The yellow play- er is controlled by the joystick in port 2, Catch the ball by touching it with your player. Your opponent can then steal the ball by bumping into you. The direction and speed your player travels is controlled by the joystick. When you first push the joystick, you move slowly; keep pushing and you’ll accelerate.<\/p>\n

Press the fire button to shoot the ball. When the ball is released, you lose your speed, but the ball continues on with your previous speed and direction. Make sure your shot is accurate, because once you shoot the ball you can’t catch it again un- til it bounces off a wall. Remember that you can steal the ball from your opponent at any time simply by bumping him.<\/p>\n

The first player to score 15 goals wins, and the game is reset when both players press the fire button. Here are a few more details concerning the physics of the game. When players collide, their veloci- ties and directions are exchanged.<\/p>\n

Collisions with the walls cause players to bounce back. A player may go beyond the walls only if he is pushed by another player. See program listing on page It’s a short program and uses no machine language\u2014 yet the result is a fine, fast, two-player, hl-res action game. For the Commodore At a length of roughly IK, it’s a much more condensed program than a similar version for the 64 would be.<\/p>\n

The game concept is not new. It’s basically a version of the classic Tron game where two light-cycles duel to see who survives. Four choices face you as your light-cycle tools around the playing area: Do you move up, down, left, or right?<\/p>\n

If you make no choice, you continue in the direction in which you were already moving. Trailing behind each player is a wall of light, which both must avoid hitting. Eventually one player or the other gets trapped in an ever- shrinking area and crashes into a wall.<\/p>\n

The survivor wins one point. After typing Obstacle in, save a copy. To play, load it and type RUN. Be sure to have two joy- sticks plugged in. The first player to accumulate five points is declared the winner. There is some variety in every battle as the size of the arena changes and the players start mov- ing in different directions. There are several strategies to this game, but in general the player who carves out the most area and commits the fewest mistakes will be the winner.<\/p>\n

How It Works The program is divided into three parts: the setup of the screen in lines , joystick control and graphics in lines , and sound effects and scoring in lines , Let’s look at the program in some detail. SOUND 3,, generates an incessant beat of a low frequency cycles per second for jiffies, so this will last 8 minutes and 20 seconds, enough for the whole game.<\/p>\n

And the best keeps getting bet- ter. This hilai-ious s[X of of ‘s pulp science fiction has 3 “naughtiness levels,” for the pmde to the lewd. One’s really warped. Then there’s “TtTnity. One’s a real circus. To solve the ciime Note how both players have closely followed each other in an attempt to cut each other off.<\/p>\n

Current positions are in the upper left section of the screen. Line 20 sets the background color, the border color, and multi- color 1 and 2. A random number between 30 and 69 determines the size of the playing field. The handy CHAR command places text any- where on the screen. Line 40 generates the locations and the starting positions of the combatants in the arena.<\/p>\n

X and Y are the x and y coordinates for the position of the first player, and A and B are the coordinates of the sec- ond player. In Une 40, X is subject to a little randomness, as is A, so that the players start at different ,t coor- dinates when the game begins.<\/p>\n

Y and B are set at , so both players will start in the middle of the screen. Next, random values are as- signed to J and K, the directions of movement of player 1.<\/p>\n

If J is 1, the player travels to the right, and if J is \u2014 1, the player travels to the left. If K is 1, the player moves 4own, and if K is \u20141, the player moves up. Since this game has no diagonal movements, one of the two direc- tions has to be zero, while the other is nonzero. L and M are the corre- sponding movement directions for player 2.<\/p>\n

The Main Loop After the board is set up, we’re ready to start the game. Lines are the main loop, where all the action takes place. The joystick reading function JOY is quite handv. If the joystick is untouched centered , Jl equals zero and the program skips the next four lines.<\/p>\n

Lines control the direc- tion of movement of player one, ad- justing the X and y coordinates based on the current state of the joystick. Line sees it the cyclist bumps into anything such as his trail, the other player, or the arena walls. Then we read the dot color of the selected pixel, using RD0T 2. If the color is either 2 or 3, player one has crashed into something and lost a battle.<\/p>\n

Line updates the position of player one, and the DRAW com- mand puts a small dot with color 3 on the screen representing the player. Lines are the analo- gous lines for player two. The only thing different is that new variables es. One really smells. One’s really haimting. So you’ll die to replay it again and again. All four are easy to get. Willi the lip of a switdi go to composite or K iBI, This is not an emulation of RGBI or d mono- chrome cable and re- quires no sofiunre or use of computer memorj.<\/p>\n

Wth Dur conversion system your composite monitor IS an Kdlil monitor. Our conversion sj-stem is a hard- ware add-on and requires minor assembly. All components necessary for xssembly are included, lor those re- quiring additional assistance wc have provided a technical support nnmber to call. Vii’ are firmly conunitted to customer support. So don’t wait any longer \u2014 fiel the full use of your monitor \u2014 convert it to RGi51 with Dij;iTek.<\/p>\n

Just send S For more information or to place your order call our cusKimer senice iine at Debut of the vigfet From jugfets to mosfets and beyond, demonstrated the technical feasibility and long-term stability have yet to be it’s sometimes hard to keep up with all of manufacturing vigfets using a com- undertaken. Nevertheless, this does the developments in the world of field- bination of polysilicon mos processes appear to he a device with considerable effect transistors.<\/p>\n

But of all the intri- and micromachining. Alternative pro- potential in the nuclear, military and cesses and tests for radiation hardness space fields. No blame if you can’t guess, but this acronym stands for cross section of vigfet infield region, showing sealing ofthe vacuum cavity. Vacuum Insulated Field Effect Transis- tor.<\/p>\n

It’s the brain -child of a team working in the Department of Electri- cal Engineering and Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- nology and it’s an attempt to overcome , one of the curses of most solid-state devices, susceptibility to radiation. The authors of the paper Electronics Let- ters vol. This means that if the structure is designed 11 NiRNIs so as to permit mechanical deforma- tion, the vigfet could be used as an kul: As yet, the MIT team have only b Golovchenko and his colleagues were using this technique to study a silicon surface that had been heavily doped with boron when they observed an unusual phenomenon over some parts of crystal surface.<\/p>\n

Negative – resistance characteristics of tunnelling effects in the crystal itself seemed to occur whenever the needle to the STM I hovered over areas that were free of boron atoms but which were immedi- ately adjacent to boron -occupied posi- tions.<\/p>\n

What the researchers had found – almost by accident – were tiny tunnel diodes no bigger than 60A square. This raises the possibility that tunnel Tunnel diodes by the million diodes could he deliberately fabricated to the scale of atoms and molecules, especially as the STM has already Tunnel diodes, well-known for their needle can he made to follow the demonstrated another key ability, that high-speed switching properties, are contours of the sample simply by using of moving individual atoms from place unusual in possessing negative resist- a feedback loop to maintain a constant to place.<\/p>\n

Increased applied voltage results in decreased current and vice versa. Most tunnel diodes consist of a heavily doped junction, across which RFI-proof electromagnetic electrons can tunnel i. Development of tunnel -diode – How do you design a probe to between the probe and the main based devices involves exploiting bias measure high levels of RF such as body of any practical measuring levels where tunnelling occurs and bias those encountered close to the instrument will disturb the RF levels where it is forbidden.<\/p>\n

Esoteric radiating elements of antennas? Neelakanta device. Accurate That could now change following measurements are therefore vir- Interference -proof RF sensor by experiments undertaken by A. Golov- tually impossible. Another less Neelakanta and de Groff.<\/p>\n

Based on chenko et al. Golovchenko was working, not with tunnel diodes per se, but with a Fibre optic power link sophisticated instrument, the scanning Laser Optically powered biasing diode tunnelling microscope STM. An STM works by scanning a very fine needle across the surface of a sample under investigation. A small voltage is Dipole Receiver applied between the needle and the sample, so that when the needle approaches it to within a few atomic radii electrons tunnel across the inter- HP -HEMP vening space, causing a few microamps D LED Fibre -optic data link of current to flow.<\/p>\n

Since the current is critically dependent on the spacing, the. Intelligent toilet A new electronic toilet, developed in signs read by the toilet. This, he said, would lances? Other features of this programmable privy are sensors to read your blood pressure and heart -rate and a built-in screen to display all the collected data. But lest you imagine that’s all there is to this excretory extravaganza, read on. A spokesman for Omron Tateisi Electronics is quoted as saying: “It is our dream that someday people’s homes will be linked via communica- tions lines to a health centre which could monitor the changes in the vital.<\/p>\n

The result- ment of Electrical Engineering at much hope of ever developing practical ing evenly distributed defects effective- Florida Atlantic University Elec- high -temperature superconductors. Van and connect it directly to a light – the new ceramic materials lose their Dover and his colleagues found that, emitting diode. RF voltages across superconductivity when called upon to after neutron treatment, the maximum the diode produce a glow, the light carry a current of more than about 6.<\/p>\n

That mayf seem a lot but it’s the crystal increased by almost two fibre to a remote receiving device. The only slight complication is applications such as super -powerful Although this work represents the the need to bias the led to the magnets, motors and transmission most significant breakthrough for a point of conduction, which can lines.<\/p>\n

Neelakanta and De seems to get worse with increasing of high-temperature superconductivity. Groff use a laser diode to feed a transition temperature Tc, is a con- For although Van Dover believes that second optical fibre, which illu- sequence of the behaviour of the super- uniformly defective crystals should he minates a pair of photo -diodes to conductors’ flux lattices, quantized reproducible, there’s a lot to learn create a suitable bias voltage.<\/p>\n

Also The whole idea, as can be seen, of a magnetic field. If the current it would be difficult to see how to is extremely simple and works well forced through the superconductor introduce high-energy neutrons into a in experimental breadboard form.<\/p>\n

The experimenters say it is usable then the flux lines migrate, creating Nevertheless, a hundred -fold reduc- up to about 30MHz limited main- perceptible resistance. Power lines, computers, waterbeds, radar and electric blankets are all implicated in a threat to health which is only justfbeginning to emerge.<\/p>\n

Alasdair Philips introduces a triology concerned with the effects of non -ionising electromagnetic radiation. IT is only about years since variety of serious adverse health effects. In the UK, the quantity of radar systems and high -power ELF com- power generated has increased approxi- munication systems.<\/p>\n

Indeed, it is Here is a selection of some of the really only since the s that we began to surround ourselves with significant amounts of electromagnetic energy. The risk of dying from acute myeloid leukaemia is increased by 2. Service personnel exposed to non – ionizing radiation when compared with the military virtually unrestricted use of their unexposed colleagues were almost microwave and high -frequency radiation.<\/p>\n

For body without causing a significant rise in children who live close to high -current body temperature. The safety standards across the electromagnet- incidence of childhood cancers more than ic spectrum is now being challenged, both doubles in homes where the average 60Hz within the scientific community and, increasingly, in the courts. This has been brought about by the considerable number – magnetic field strength is over nT.<\/p>\n

Significantly more miscarriages are reported by electric blanket and heated of research reports linking low-level alter- nating electric and magnetic fields with a – water -bed users during winter months6. The UK does not even acknowledge the need for ROWs and still allows houses to be positioned directly J under high -voltage distribution cables,.<\/p>\n

Clinical depression and suicides were closely linked with living near UK power lines”. References I. Centre for Radiobiology and Radioprotection, Warsaw. State Dept. Journal of Epidemiology. Project No. This report has v 0 since been classified and is no longer listed as available. Journal Ind. Microwave News, Vol. IX, No3. KILLIN IEL The epidemiological evidence The threat posed by low frequency fields emerged initially because a researcher, looking for environmental factors in childhood leukaemia, observed a link between low voltage, high current power lines and disease occurrence.<\/p>\n

Cellular evidence now supports the findings but epidemiology still leads the argument. Today living systems are exposed to a lines, they can he criticized on a number The Americans, however, developed level of man-made electromagnetic fields of counts, as will be described below. In the s, the. Schwan used metal balls and ubiquitous VDU, all contribute to an indi- debate and developments.<\/p>\n

Observing that significant heating only occurred above researched, for at least the past 30 years by Western scientists and even longer by in risk of suicide mW, he incorporated a safety factor of 10 and, in , proposed a safety limit of the Russians , as to whether and to what extent this chronic exposure is harmful.<\/p>\n

And it is the growing and accu- electromagnetic spectrum. Although these than that considered safe in America and mulated evidence supporting the reality of go further than any previous such guide- other Western countries. The first well -controlled Western study linking power line fields and childhood leukaemia was reported by University of Chicago researchers Drs Nancy Wertheimer and Ed Leeper in , from a case -control study of children aged 18 and under in the Denver area’.<\/p>\n

He mea- sured the residential magnetic -field strength outside the front door of homes and found significantly higher fields 0. A significant trend in risk of suicide was shown with increasing field strength.<\/p>\n

A year later Tomenius, in Sweden, reported a two -fold increase in the inci-. L , -,t. As in the UK, conditions: that the power utilities one each from the Departments of Europe uses a 50Hz power frequency.<\/p>\n

At involved fund a five-year, five -million- Energy and the Environment , but without addresses where the magnetic field dollar research project, known as the New any independent medical assessment of exceeded 0.<\/p>\n

Today, 10 years to 5. I side of the lines be established within later, despite seven American states hav- One year before Wertheimer and which no human dwelling was to be per- ing now adopted similar ROWs to those Leeper’s study, the New York Public mitted, as already existed for kV lines.<\/p>\n

After an near the village of lnnsworth, Perry, and Tomenius, as well as the setting acrimonious hearing, the New York Gloucestershire. Its eventual result, how- up of the NYSPLP, led to a growing num- Public Service Commission permitted the ever, was very different, with the objec- ber of studies of both residential and.<\/p>\n

Some of the results of the occupational nonetheless admitted had certain short- Wertheimer and Leeper extended their studies have been criticized on the basis comings and of which a revised version research to adults and observed at least a that workers might have also been has apparently now finally been submitted two -fold increase in adult leukaemia exposed to fumes and substances such as for publication.<\/p>\n

However, in one of the US was confirming the ability of low -intensi- pational groups exposed to ELF fields, studies of myeloid leukaemia, Milham19 ty EM fields to cause biological effects such as electrical and electronics workers studied radio amateurs and found an below the thermal level and revealing and repairmen, and leukaemia in general; increased risk of myeloid and unspecified some frequency -specific actions of modu- Milham’ and Stern” in the States, Coleman leukaemias in both those with and without lated fields.<\/p>\n

Dr Ross Adey and his co- and colleagues in the UK9 and Pearce in occupational exposure, thus supporting workers have demonstrated the effect of New Zealand One of the most consistent connections by , carried out only one piece of The combination of the highly sugges- was observed with myeloid leukaemia, research, a pilot study of childhood tive epidemiological results and the grow- with studies from the UK”,'” Sweden” leukaemia reported at a conference20, an ing evidence from animal and cellular and the US'”.<\/p>\n

Reporting to the United States National Academy of Sciences’ National Research Council, it finally accepted the reality of non -thermal effects and stated. These effects often appear to be unaccompanied by macroscopic ther- mal changes””. Ira, wide media coverage” a copy resides in the House of Commons library. The maximum transmis- NRPB clearly discount the epidemiologi- public attention: an attempted replication sion line voltage in the US is kV.<\/p>\n

North Carolina, using an improved experi- mental design. Following up his study, Milham28 Legislation is pending in other states, observed that a sample of radio ama- their general findings, showing a two -fold while Florida became the first state, in teurs showed a significant excess of increased risk of childhood leukaemia January , to introduce a maximum deaths due to acute myeloid leukaemia linked to measures of magnetic field from external wiring configurations at a cut-off magnetic field along a ROW, of LT AML.<\/p>\n

No such legis- Savitz and Cane” of I I different occupa- and not those from appliances inside the house, which fall off sharply with dis- lation exists in the UK.<\/p>\n

He has since refined and updated his results and published in May , sets a guideline of acute leukaemia as other workers. Since Savitz was able to show that magnetic – for both public and occupational exposure then, Linet and her co-workers have field measurements con -elated with the of any duration I.<\/p>\n

The risk of brain cancer among other rights of way ImT public respectively Her findings corroborate an earlier given in the UK of for continuous exposure. Although accepting the reality of report13 of excess brain tumours in elec- trical workers.<\/p>\n

Bowman and his colleagues” dence has any implications for human measured such fields and reported that wire codes used by Wertheimer and health”. EM fields are real, ” By com- In their final summing up, the authors which, at a meeting on January 27, , parison, residential exposure was usually of the NYSPLP report stated that “a vari- expressed the opinion of members that below O.<\/p>\n

Magnetic field strengths mea- exposure”. Giving a ques- residentially, originally funded as part of the proportion of cases of “depression” tionnaire to patients living within various the NYSPLP. Wertheimer and Leeper have group living three miles away, Dowson assess the chronic use of electric blankets, recently linked increased miscarriage rates found that 15 in the former group versus waterbed heaters and electric mattress with EM fields from ceiling -cable heat- one in the latter reported recurrent pads.<\/p>\n

By taking these and other refine- ing; see below”. Most recently, ings were over three times Bowman’s fig- magnetic field were taken. Wertheimer and Leeper, in an attempt to ure. In the US, Wertheimer and Leeper, in a distinguish heating from EM field effects, It is also worth noting that when Savitz study first presented to the New York have also linked miscarriage and domestic revised and refined his original data on Academy of Sciences in , reported EM fields from ceiling cable heating”.<\/p>\n

T cut- electric blankets were more likely to end blankets may interfere with the menstrual off for classifying the 60Hz exposed group in miscarriage than those among couples cycle by affecting the pineal gland’s he had observed a relatively weak, if two- who did not heat their beds electrically”.<\/p>\n

A study is presently under way at increased the cut-off to 0. LT and above, as measured by June period. No such seasonal pattern was in and around Denver, Colorado”. They Bowman, may represent a considerable observed among non -users.<\/p>\n

Both those exposed a level of 2mT for both public and occu- occupationally and residentially showed pational magnetic -field exposure, approxi- mately 10 times above the levels “Abundant fragmen- similarities in the subtypes they contract- ed. Perry and others as hazardous. But what is equally disquieting tary evidence has In a further memorandum, the researchers discuss a possible explanation is that in , in a set of proposed stan- been presented in for why some studies have reported no dards on which the NRPB invited com- ments34, it was suggesting both one set of support of possible linear increase in cancer in children with increased intensity of EM field exposure standards for workers and two different sets for the public: for workers two hours biological effects prenatally.<\/p>\n

They hypothesise that this occurs With the published research after transmission and because magnetic fields ” These effects prenatal abortion rather than postnatal ask on what basis did the NRPB, three years later, decide to recommend that pub- often appear to be cancer”. Synergistic interactions between. Rack of 5. And when we are not carefully checking names and addresses, we are busy dealing with the East Grinstead House.<\/p>\n

East Grinstead. West Sussex. RH 19 XA I. Dual Beam Delay Timebase Dual Trace Delay Timebase. Accounts to approved 74HCT 0. Mail order service available. Criticism of the small number studies, despite differences in design and measurements. But no results are yet of exposed subjects and other shortcom- possible confounding variables, seem to available and may not be for some time.<\/p>\n

In the of an overhead power line or within 50m schools, and vice versa. US, transmission lines carry up to kV, of a transformer substation found a signif- The CEGB is unlikely to accept such a while poles carry local distribution wires icant excess in lung cancer in women proposition, particularly with the implica- down the streets and at intervals also carry though not in men, although no smoking tions for its looming privatisation, without transformers which step down the 7.<\/p>\n

For those living within some form of exemption from legal liabil- area feed to V for domestic use. But if a system of no-fault compensa- Indeed, it was the clustering of child- ty ratios were higher for lung cancer, tion could be introduced, as exists in hood cancer cases in homes at certain dis- leukaemia and other lymphomas, though countries such as New Zealand and tances from these pole -mounted numbers of deaths were small.<\/p>\n

The results Sweden, whereby the state accepted basic transformers and associated 3 -phase applied mainly to substations, since only responsibility for treating and possibly wiring which first caught Wertheimer’s 0. From these, a an overhead power line. By contrast, a study, first reported in , of With some US and UK researchers in Britain transmission lines carry , leukaemia in those living near overhead publicly stating that they would not live or kV, with most domestic supply power lines or substations in four London under a power line, perhaps the CEGB arriving underground, having been boroughsiz emphasizes the problems of might at least be required to offer to pur- stepped down from the area substation by estimating exposure and obtaining a suffi- chase homes under or very near power smaller local transformers from 33 to cient sample to provide a meaningful lines at market value to resell to those pre- IIkV, and from II kV to the domestic result.<\/p>\n

In the study only 0. The cables, carrying the wires in a lived within IOOm of a power line, where- Columbia in Canada recently did. The However, this is not always the case, Besides the problem of sampling, any case need not be that the evidence is con- as in parts of Norfolk, Suffolk and other future residential studies must now also clusive, merely that it is now sufficient to rural areas, where supply arrives on poles consider the occupational exposure of the warrant certain precautionary measures, down the streets, as in the United States.<\/p>\n

Even the NRPB has confirmed that cant magnetic fields in the home can be increased risk of various cancers and vice revised exposure guidelines will be pub- generated by unbalanced ground return versa for occupational studies.<\/p>\n

Exposure lished sometime in The location of a child’s judging by their opinion on the hazards of. Their statement that “The available evidence indicates that VDUs: researchers differ on chronic low level exposure to non -ioniz- ing radiations appears to be generally radiation health risk harmless” would he greeted with some- thing approaching derision by many researchers.<\/p>\n

Claims of comprehensively documented’, while transmission and distribution companies, increased headaches, tiredness, eye Pearce2 has assembled research find- who can no longer claim ignorance of and other problems in operators have ings supporting different hypotheses. Further research has variously er it wise to ‘green’ their respective VDUs emit various type of radia- reported an increased incidence of images and work out some sort of solution tion, from ionising X-rays, almost all birth defects4 and abortion 5, as well as to the problem of electromagnetic fields in of which is absorbed by the glass of the more equivocal results6, with criticism the environment which many now feel cathode-ray tube, particularly in the being made of aspects of their designs pose a growing and chronic threat to their later models, and is not considered to or conclusions.<\/p>\n

Evidence of electromagnetic pose a hazard, to ultra -violet, infra- The TUC recommends that full-time bioeffects mounts despite official ambiva- red, radio -frequency, ELF and static operators spend no more than four lence. Guidance to Flodin U. Background radiation. Linet Met al. Am 1 Ind. Restrictions on Exposure to Time -varying Electromagnetic Fields some other exposures associated with acute myeloid leukemia in a and the Recommendations of the Non -Ionising Radiation case -referent study.<\/p>\n

Sneers M. Occupational exposures and brain cancer mor- Committee. I Wright WE. Peters 1M. Mack TM. Leukemia in workers exposed tality: a preliminary study of East Texas residents. Am 1 Ind Med. Lancet I. Danilin VA el al. Labour, hygiene and occupational diseases. MIOT Safety and Ilealth Milham Silent keys: leukemia mortality in amateur radio S. Bowman JD et al. Exposures to extremely low frequencyelec- Info. USA: Inst. May operators. Lancet Myers A et al. Overhead powerlines and childhood cancer, in 3.<\/p>\n

Wertheimer N. Leeper E. Electrical wiring configuration and Proc. Conf, on Electric and Magnetic Fields in medicine Perry FS. Pearl L. I Icalth effects of ELF fields and illness in childhood cancer.<\/p>\n

Am 1 Epidemiol. December London, IEE Conf. Public Ilealth no. Environmental power frequency magnetic fields Advice on the Protection of Workers and Members of and suicide. Ilealth Physics Bawin SM. Adey WR. Sensitivity of calcium binding in cere- the Public from the Possible Hazards of Electric and Magnetic bral tissue to weak environmental electric fields oscillating at low Fields with Frequencies helow GIlz.<\/p>\n

A Consultative 5. Tomenius L. NY Acad. Didcot, Oxon. Bioelectmmegnetics Adey WR at al. Effects of weak. Dowson D. Overhead high voltage cables and recurrent calcium efflux front awake cat cerebral cortex. The Practitioner April Adult cancer related to electrical Bioelectromagnetics Int 1 Epidemiol.<\/p>\n

Possible effects of electric blankets. Milham Blackman CF el al. Bioelectromagnetics 7. Mortality from leukemia in workers exposed to elec- 50 IIz RF fields on the efflux of calcium ions from brain tissue New Engl I Med. Bioelectromagnetics Stern FB el al. A case -control study of leukemia at a naval nuclear Wen hcimer N. Some Supplementary Analyses of shipyard. Am J Epidemiol. Power Lines Project. Dept of Preventive 9.<\/p>\n

Coleman M. Bell J. Colorado , USA. Ahlhom A el al. Biological Effects of Power Line Fields. New Pearce NE et al. Scientific Advisory Panel Final Wertheimer N, Leeper E. Fetal loss associated with two sea- Zealand. July I. Copies available free front: Charlene sonal sources of electromagnetic field exposure.<\/p>\n

Corning Tower. Rm Vagero D, Olin R. Incidence of cancer in the electronics indus- Empire State Plaza. Albany- NY Wenhimer N. Magnetic field exposure related cancer screening instrument. Br 1 Indust Med. Savitz DA. Childhood cancer and electromagnetic fieldexpo- subtypes. Anil Epidemiol. Swerdlow Al. Epidemiology of eye cancer in adults in England Wenheimer N.<\/p>\n

Microwave News. Guidelines on limits of exposure to radiofrequency Lin RS et al. Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields Gila. Ilealth Physics 10 : The IRPA’s new guide- McDowall M1.<\/p>\n

Mortality of persons resident in the vicinityof and the occurrence of brain tumors. I Occupat Med. Br 1 Cancer Thomas TL et al. Brain tumor mortality nsk among men early 1: details of them are reponed in the New York -based – with electrical and electronics jobs: a case -control study.<\/p>\n

Leukaemia and residence nearelectricity Cancer Inst. Cancer: Milham S. Increased morality in amateur radio operators due McDowall ME. Leukemia mortality in electrical workers in to lymphatic and hematoprietic malignancies. Am I Epidemiol. England and Wales. Industrial Injuries Advisory Council. Non -Ionizing Radiation. Coggon D. A survey of cancer and occupation in young Calle EE. Leukemia and occupational exposure to and middle aged men. Non -respiratory cancers.<\/p>\n

Br I Indust electromagnetic fields: review of epidemiological surveys. Very high stability phase -locked oscillators operating directly on the Masthead or local use.<\/p>\n

Phase TYPE Gain dB variable. As above. Two stage Gasfet preamplifier. Gain 25dB amplifiers. High Q filter. Tuned to your specified channels in bands TYPE Frequency as specified in the range MHz. UHF two stage Gasfet preamplifier. Gain TYPE High O filter.<\/p>\n

Full -wave shottky diode protected inputs. TYPE Voltage regulated local or TYPE Includes integra. Gain 10dB. Gain 20dB. Gain 30dB. Gain 60dB adjustable dB. TYPE Receiving. Low noise Gasfet front-end. Tel: S0 4. S0 50A5 1. S0 83 8. S0 5. S5 U35 3. S0 DG10A 8. SO 1. SO 9. S0 7A8 3. E88 C 88C 01 3. S0 6. No riage was observed when VDU oper- accepts the relevant NRPB exposure significant trend with increased expo- ators were compared to non -working guidelines for the different frequencies sure was demonstrated but the resear- women.<\/p>\n

The survey also found a 40 per emitted. The and VDUs. Although postnatal ing, alcohol consumption, or other of exposure. In fact, it will tend to controls showed a significant difference maternal characteristics.<\/p>\n

It recently pub-. One of the main aims of the cam- However, these are somewhat ad paign is to get legislation to give pre- Such was the impact of the Kaiser – hoc measures given that they still rely gnant women and those attempting to Permanente study that in the following on the conventional cathode ray tube become pregnant the right to transfer issue of the prestigious American Jour- CRT and fly -back transformer, which to alternative work, based on the prop- nal of Industrial Medicine in which it generates pulsed, saw-toothed magne- osition that women should not have to was published, the editor, Dr Baruch tic fields.<\/p>\n

It is these pulsed fields that wait for conclusive proof that VDUs Modan, stated in his editorial that EM have caused perhaps the most concern, pose reproductive hazards before steps radiation ‘from computer screens exposure to similar fields having been are taken to prevent the possible risk. Further studies are now in progress LCD screens in various countries, with the HSE funding one at the London School of For those wishing to avoid generating Hygiene and Tropical Medicine by Drs such fields altogether, the latest state- Valerie Beral and Eve Roman, which of-the-art screens are liquid crystal will also consider electric blanket use display LCD , whose technology has and whose results are due shortly.<\/p>\n

Although still not quite up due to report soon”. Dri- January , which has led to a debate ven by the technology of video -phones in the House of Lords over Britain’s and video-conferencing, LCD screens response and compliance Iluws V.<\/p>\n

Pearce BG. Benoit CM et al. Are video display terminals a source of increased PCB concentration in the working environment?<\/p>\n

One answer. Achive of Occ. Health, Ericson A. Kallen BG. An epidemiological study of work with video screens and pregnancy outcome: 1. A registry. Am J Ind Med and McDonald A et al. Visual display units and pregnancy: evidence from the Montreal survey.<\/p>\n

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Looking for: Windows 10 1703 download iso itarian scriptsave Click here to Download                                                                                    …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[233],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-399552","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-na"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/carconfort.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/399552","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/carconfort.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/carconfort.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carconfort.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carconfort.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=399552"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/carconfort.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/399552\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/carconfort.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=399552"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carconfort.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=399552"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carconfort.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=399552"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}